de deployment of f ad-ho hoc LoRa a so solu lutions s for r - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

de deployment of f ad-ho hoc LoRa a so solu lutions s for r ru rural ral appli applicat ations s in Afri Africa: a: fe feedbac backs ks fr from H2020 WAZ AZIUP & & WAZ AZIHUB

LPWAN scientific days July 11-12, 2019, INSA Lyon, Lyon Presented by Ehsan Muhammad (senior researcher in WAZIHUB)

• Prof. Congduc Pham

http://www.univ-pau.fr/~cpham Université de Pau, France

IoT – from idea to reality

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http://blog.atmel.com/2015/12/16/rewind- 50-of-the-best-boards-from-2015/ http://blog.atmel.com/2015/04/09/25-dev- boards-to-help-you-get-started-on-your- next-iot-project/

Theairboard Teensy 3.2

Arduino Pro Mini

STM32 Nucleo-32

Tinyduino

Tessel LoPy

Expressif ESP32 Adafruit Feather Sparkfun ESP32 Thing

LinkIt Smart7688 duo

SodaqOnev2 Heltec ESP32 + OLED

Low-cost IoT

ATmega328P 3.3v 8bit, 8MHz, 32K flash, 2K RAM

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Physical sensor

Physical sensor mgmt Long-range transmission Activity duty-cycle, low power Logical sensor mgmt AES encryption

Reduce development cost & time

setup measure (encrypt) transmit sleep wake-up

xxxxxx

Physical sensor Physical sensor

Arduino Pro Mini @3.3V 10-15kms Moisture/ Temperature of storage areas

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Low-power for longer lifetime!

wakes-up every 10min, take a measure and send to GW

5μA in deep sleep mode, about 40mA when active and sending! Can run more than 2 years with 1 measure/10min Can run several years with 1 measure/1h

2500mAh

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Cost of data encryption

q AES128 q Lightweight Stream Cipher (LSC)

2496496874649944 12146 14912 17392 19872 22352 24832 27304 29784 32280 34760 37256 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240

ENCRYPTION TIME IN US MESSAGE SIZE IN BYTES

AES128 on Arduino ProMini 8MHz Encryption time Work in collaboration with R. Couturier (Univ. Franche Comté) and Hassan Noura (American University of Beirut)

56° lens 76° lens 116° lens

352 632 952 1232 1536 1816 2104 2400 2704 2992 3296 3568 3872 4144 4448 2496 4968 7464 9944 12146 14912173921987222352248322730429784322803476037256

10000 20000 30000 40000 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 Encryption time in us Message size in bytes

LSC vs AES on Arduino ProMini Encryption time

LSC AES

15 26 37 51 60 71 82 94 105 116 128 141 150 161 173 287 574 857 1143 1427 1715 1998 2283 2568 2855 3139 3426 3709 3995 4282

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 Encryption time in us Message size in bytes

LSC vs AES on Teensy32 Encryption time

LSC AES

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Generic sensing IoT device v.s. Highly specialized

q Build low-cost, low-power, long-range enabled generic platform q Methodology for low-cost platform design q Technology transfers to user communities, economic actors, stakeholders,…

Physical sensor mgmt Long-range transmission Activity duty-cycle, low power Logical sensor mgmt AES encryption

Arduino Pro Mini @3.3V

From Unparallel for WAZIUP

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100% open-source code templates

LowCostLoRaGw github has latest general distribution: https://github.com/CongducPham/LowCostLoRaGw Many examples using various temp/hum sensors https://github.com/CongducPham/LowCostLoRaGw/tree/master/Arduino

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From full Do-It-Yourself approach

VCC MOSI MISO CLK CS GND

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…to simple PCB for easy integration

5€

https://github.com/FabienFerrero/UCA_Board

1.5€ <1€

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Open, versatile IoT gateway

Raspberry PI: lots of libraries, lots of software, lots of hardware, lots of shields,…

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Deployment in rural areas no Internet L

qdeploying IoT in very isolated areas… q… where internet and electricity are not stable!

? ?

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Autonomous gateway

Link to a short demo video of the collar web interface: https://youtu.be/meFDav1SLPI

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City environment high building=large coverage

q LoRaWAN gateway on top of DSP building by F. Ferrero (U. Nice),

• U. Danang and DSP team. Congrats Fabien!

rssi: -118dBm snr: 0.8dB distance: 25800m

See TTN Mapper https://ttnmapper.org/ 8-10kms in urban +26kms in LOS!

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Deployment in rural areas no high building L

q Expected range: about 2-4kms q 1-hop connectivity to gateway is difficult to achieve in real-world, remote, rural scenarios

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2-hop long-range approach

q smart, transparent relay node should be able to be inserted at anytime between end-devices and gateway to increase range q 2 possible approaches

q Use periodic & short Channel Activity Detection (CAD) to detect uplink messages (recent draft from Semtech) q Use an observation phase (full receive mode) to determine device's schedule

n3

Gateway Relay-device End-device

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Our relay's design choices

q Observation phase + data forwarding phase

q CAD reliability decreases as distance increases

q A CAD returning false does not mean that there is no activity!

q On-the-fly learning of incoming traffic from end- devices: observation phase q Just-in-time wake up in data forwarding phase q Deep sleep between 2 wake up q No additional hardware ➔ low-cost sensor nodes can be recycled as relay node

RFM95W

Arduino Pro Mini @3.3V

• M. Diop and C. Pham, "Increased flexibility in long-

range IoT deployments with transparent and light- weight 2-hop LoRa approach", 11th Wireless Days conference, Manchester, UK, April 23-25, 2019.

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Extending with similarity detection

q Find similarities between measures to avoid both waking-up and transmission to gateway q Reduce energy consumption + help enforcing duty-cycle

Gateway Relay-device End-device

1 4 6 2 7 3 5 8 1 4 6 2 7 3 5 8 1 4 6 2 7 3 5 8 1 4 6 2 7 3 5 8 1 4 6 2 7 3 5 8 1 4 6 2 7 3 5 8

sensing period

• bservation phase

similarity detection phase 1 hour

• C. Pham, A. Makhoul and M. Diop, "Similarity

Detection for Smart and Transparent Long-Range IoT Relaying", Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC'19), Barcelona, Spain, June 30-July 3rd, 2019.

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Scaling up!

Feb 2016 - 2019 May 2018 - 2021

WAZIUP has been developing the open, low-cost IoT technologies/frameworks and use-cases WAZIHUB will focus on dissemination, community building and entrepreneurship