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Databases Picture by Jeremy Hiebert [http://www.flickr.com/photos/jeremyhiebert/] Graph Databases SPARQL and DBPedia Andr Santanch e Patrcia Cavoto Institute of Computing UNICAMP September 2015 Dinosaur Example Namespace Dino

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Databases

Graph Databases

SPARQL and DBPedia André Santanchè e Patrícia Cavoto Institute of Computing – UNICAMP

September 2015

Picture by Jeremy Hiebert [http://www.flickr.com/photos/jeremyhiebert/]

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Dinosaur Example

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Namespace Dino dino: <http://purl.org/dinos/>

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Dinosaur Class

rdfs:Class rdf:type dino:Dinosaur

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Dinosaur Instance

rdfs:Class rdf:type dino:Dinosaur MNHN 1912.20 rdf:type

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SPARQL Query Language for RDF

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Instances of the Dinosaur class (SPARQL)

rdfs:Class rdf:type dino:Dinosaur ?d rdf:type SELECT ?d WHERE { ?d rdf:type dino:Dinosaur }

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Place Class

rdfs:Class rdf:type dino:Dinosaur MNHN 1912.20 rdf:type rdf:type dino:Place

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Place Instance

rdfs:Class rdf:type dino:Dinosaur MNHN 1912.20 rdf:type rdf:type dino:Place Lance Creek rdf:type

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Instances of the Place class (SPARQL)

rdfs:Class rdf:type dino:Place ?pl rdf:type SELECT ?pl WHERE { ?pl rdf:type dino:Place }

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Place Instance

rdfs:Class rdf:type dino:Dinosaur MNHN 1912.20 rdf:type rdf:type dino:Place Lance Creek rdf:type dino:origin

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Origin: Lance Creek

rdfs:Class ?d rdf:type dino:Place Lance Creek rdf:type SELECT ?d WHERE { ?d dino:origin dino:Lance_Creek } dino:origin

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Resources and their origins

?d ?or SELECT ?d ?or WHERE { ?d dino:origin ?or } dino:origin

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Dinosaurs and their origins

rdfs:Class rdf:type Dinosaur ?din rdf:type rdf:type Place ?or rdf:type dino:origin SELECT ?din ?or WHERE { ?din rdf:type dino:Dinosaur . ?din dino:origin ?or }

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Analyzing in the Space

OpenStreetMap

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Triceratops in a Graph

MNHN 1912.20 Dinosaur rdf:type Lance Creek dino:origin Converse County Wyoming USA part of part of part of

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Tyrannosaurus in a Graph

FMNH PR2081

Dinosaur is a Hell Creek dino:origin Cheyenne River Indian Reservation South Dakota USA part of part of part of

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Analyzing in the Space

Hell Creek Cheyenne River Indian Reservation South Dakota USA Lance Creek Converse County Wyoming

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Analyzing in the Space

Hell Creek Cheyenne River Indian Reservation South Dakota USA Lance Creek Converse County Wyoming

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Origin: Lance Creek

?d Lance Creek dino:origin Converse County part of SELECT ?d WHERE { ?d dino:origin dino:Lance_Creek }

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Origin: part of Converse County

?d ?pl Converse County part of SELECT ?d WHERE { ?d dino:origin ?pl . ?pl dino:partOf dino:Converse_County } dino:origin

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Origin: part of Wyoming

?d ?pl Converse County Wyoming part of part of SELECT ?d WHERE { ?d dino:origin ?pl1 . ?pl1 dino:partOf ?pl2 . ?pl2 dino:partOf dino:Wyoming } dino:origin

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Origin: part of USA

?d ?pl Converse County Wyoming USA part of part of part of SELECT ?din WHERE { ?din dino:origin ?pl1 . ?pl1 dino:partOf ?pl2 . ?pl2 dino:partOf ?pl3 . ?pl3 dino:partOf dino:USA } dino:origin

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Origin: Lance Creek or Hell Creek

Hell Creek Lance Creek SELECT ?d WHERE { { ?d dino:origin dino:Lance_Creek } UNION { ?d dino:origin dino:Hell_Creek } } dino:origin dino:origin

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Resources with the part of relationship

?pl Converse County Wyoming USA part of part of part of SELECT ?l1 ?l2 WHERE { ?l1 dino:partOf ?l2 }

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DBPedia

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Wikipedia

Infobox

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DBPedia

Île-de- France France Paris Departments Prefecture Country Region Yvelines Departments Region

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DBPedia (URIs)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvelines http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Île-de-France_(region) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France

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DBPedia – English

▪ 4 million things ▪ 3.22 million classified in a consistent ontology

▫ 832,000 persons ▫ 639,000 places (427,000 populated) ▫ 372,000 creative works

  • 116,000 music albums; 78,000 films; 18,500 video games

▫ 209,000 organizations ▫ 226,000 species ▫ 5,600 diseases.

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DBPedia – International

▪ 119 languages ▪ 24.9 million things ▪ 16.8 million interlinked with English ▪ 12.6 million unique things

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Datasets published following Linked Data ‘format’: 05/2007

Source: http://lod-cloud.net/

Linked Data

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Datasets published following Linked Data ‘format’: 11/2007

Source: http://lod-cloud.net/

Linked Data

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Datasets published following Linked Data ‘format’: 2008

Source: http://lod-cloud.net/

Linked Data

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Datasets published following Linked Data ‘format’: 2009

Source: http://lod-cloud.net/

Linked Data

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Datasets published following Linked Data ‘format’: 2010

Source: http://lod-cloud.net/

Linked Data

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Datasets published following Linked Data ‘format’: 2011

Linked Data

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Source: http://lod-cloud.net/

Linked Data

04/2014

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DBPedia (URIs)

http://dbpedia.org/resource/Paris http://dbpedia.org/resource/France dbpedia-owl:country

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Predefined Namespace Prefixes

http://dbpedia.org/sparql?nsdecl

▪ dbpedia

http://dbpedia.org/resource/ →

▪ dbpedia-owl

→ http://dbpedia.org/ontology/

▪ dbprop

http://dbpedia.org/property/ →

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Paris – France

URIs

dbr:Paris dbr:France dbo:country

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Ontology Classes

http://mappings.dbpedia.org/server/ontology/classes/

Class Examples City Cambridge, Berlin, Manchester Country Spain, Iceland, South Korea Politician George W. Bush, Nicolas Sarkozy, Angela Merkel Musician AC/DC, Diana Ross, Röyksopp Music album Led Zeppelin III, Like a Virgin, Thriller Director Woody Allen, Oliver Stone, Takashi Miike Film The Great Beauty, Hysterical Blindness, Breakfast at Tiffany's Book The Lord of the Rings, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, the Bible Computer Game Tetris, World of Warcraft, Sam & Max hit the Road Technical Standard HTML, RDF, URI (DBPedia, http://wiki.dbpedia.org/Datasets2014, 09/05/2015)

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Ontology Classes

http://mappings.dbpedia.org/server/ontology/classes/

Class Instances Resource (overall) 4.233.000 Place 735 Person 1.450.000 Work 411 Species 251 Organisation 241 (DBPedia, http://wiki.dbpedia.org/Ontology, 09/05/2015)

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Settlement Class

dbo:Settlement rdf:type dbr:Paris dbr:France dbo:country

The rdf:type edge denotes that a resource (Paris) belongs to a Class (Settlement).

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Property party

dbo:Settlement dbr:Socialist_Party_(France) dbpprop:party rdf:type dbr:Paris dbr:France dbo:country

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DBPedia SPARQL Query Editor http://dbpedia.org/sparql

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Paris Example

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Instances of the Settlement class

dbo:Settlement rdf:type ?sett select distinct ?sett where {?sett a dbo:Settlement}

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Mayor of Paris

SELECT ?m WHERE {dbr:Paris dbo:mayor ?m}

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Mayor of Paris

SELECT ?m WHERE {dbr:Paris dbo:mayor ?m}

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Cities whose mayor was born in Paris

SELECT ?c where {?c dbo:mayor ?m . ?m dbo:birthPlace dbr:Paris}

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Property party

dbo:Settlement dbr:Socialist_Party_(France) dbpprop:party rdf:type dbr:Paris dbr:France dbo:country

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Cities managed by the French Socialist Party

select distinct ?organ where {?organ a dbo:Settlement . ?organ dbp:party <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Socialist_Party_(France)>}

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Tulip Example

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Tulip

▪ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulip ▪ dbpedia:Tulip

▫ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tulip

▪ http://dbpedia.org/page/Tulip

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Tuplip – Class FloweringPlant

the rdf:type edge denotes that a resource (node) belongs to a Class

dbpedia-owl:FloweringPlant dbpedia:Tulip rdf:type dbpedia:Tulip rdf:type dbpedia-owl:FloweringPlant .

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Tuplip – Class FloweringPlant

Triple Representation

dbpedia-owl:FloweringPlant dbpedia:Tulip rdf:type dbpedia:Tulip rdf:type dbpedia-owl:FloweringPlant . rdfs:Class rdf:type dbpedia-owl:FloweringPlant rdf:type rdfs:Class .

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All FloweringPlants

instances of the FloweringPlant class

dbpedia-owl:FloweringPlant ?fl rdf:type select ?fl where {?fl a dbo:FloweringPlant}

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Property ordo

dbpedia-owl:FloweringPlant rdf:type dbr:Liliales dbp:ordo dbpedia:Tulip

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All FloweringPlants ordo Liliales

dbpedia-owl:FloweringPlant ?fl rdf:type dbr:Liliales dbp:ordo SELECT ?fl WHERE { ?fl rdf:type dbo:FloweringPlant ; dbp:ordo dbr:Liliales . }

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Challenge: how to exploit?

geospecies:Liliaceae http://dbpedia.org/resource/Liliaceae skos:closeMatch

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Reptile Example

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Reptile Class

without namespaces

http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Reptile http://dbpedia.org/page/Goniurosaurus rdf:type <http://dbpedia.org/page/Goniurosaurus> rdf:type <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Reptile>

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Reptile Class

with namespaces

dbo:Reptile http://dbpedia.org/resource/Goniurosaurus rdf:type dbr:Goniurosaurus rdf:type dbo:Reptile

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Nodes of the Reptile Class - SPARQL

without namespaces

http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Reptile ?animal rdf:type SELECT ?animal WHERE {?animal rdf:type <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Reptile>} ?animal ?animal rdf:type rdf:type

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SPARQL

“a” replacing “rdf:type”

?animal rdf:type SELECT ?animal WHERE {?animal a <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Reptile>} ?animal ?animal rdf:type rdf:type http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Reptile

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Nodes of the Reptile Class - SPARQL

with namespaces

dbo:Reptile ?animal rdf:type SELECT ?animal WHERE {?animal rdf:type dbo:Reptile} ?animal ?animal rdf:type rdf:type

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SPARQL

“a” replacing “rdf:type”

dbo:Reptile ?animal rdf:type SELECT ?animal WHERE {?animal a dbo:Reptile} ?animal ?animal rdf:type rdf:type

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Reptile Class

http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Reptile rdf:type http://dbpedia.org/resource/Goniurosaurus rdf:type http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Reptile . rdfs:Class rdf:type http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Reptile rdf:type rdfs:Class . http://dbpedia.org/resource/Goniurosaurus

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Property Order: Dinosaur

dbo:Reptile rdf:type dbr:Goniurosaurus dbr:Dinosaur dbo:order

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Nodes of the Reptile Class and Order Dinosaur – SPARQL

dbo:Reptile rdf:type ?animal dbr:Dinosaur dbo:order SELECT ?animal WHERE {?animal rdf:type dbo:Reptile . ?animal dbo:order dbr:Dinosaur}

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Property fossilRange: Early_Cretaceous

dbr:Early_Cretaceous dbp:fossilRange dbr:Embasaurus

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Nodes of the same fossilRange of the Embasaurus – SPARQL

?range dbp:fossilRange dbr:Embasaurus ?dino dbp:fossilRange ?dino dbp:fossilRange SELECT ?dinosaur WHERE {dbr:Embasaurus dbp:fossilRange ?range . ?dinosaur dbp:fossilRange ?range}

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Nodes of the same fossilRange of the Embasaurus – SPARQL

Some Results

dbr:Early_Cretaceous dbp:fossilRange dbr:Embasaurus dbr:Sauroplites dbp:fossilRange dbr:Edgarosaurus dbp:fossilRange SELECT ?dinosaur WHERE {dbr:Embasaurus dbp:fossilRange ?range . ?dinosaur dbp:fossilRange ?range}

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Processing the Query

▪ Process by pattern

▫ Find [species] whose [origin]

( → 0..*) part of → EUA

▪ Process by inference

▫ Find [species] whose [origin]

EUA →

▫ Rules:

  • If (A) origin (B) and (B) part of (C) => (A) origin (C)
  • If (A) part of (B) and (B) part of (C) => (A) part of (C)
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Cypher

MATCH (dn:Dinosaur)-[:Found]->(pl:Place) MATCH (pl)-[:Part_of*0..5]->(pl2:Place) WHERE pl2.id="USA" RETURN dn.id

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SPARQL

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Ontologia ResearchCard

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Propriedade

:Beyond_theory

card:autor

:Liz_Fraley card:author rdfs:Property

rdf:type

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Classe

:Beyond_theory card:BibliographicUnit

rdf:type

card:BibliographicUnit rdfs:Class

rdf:type

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:Beyond_theory card:autor :Liz_Fraley :Configuration_Management card:autor :Christopher_Seiwald card:autor :Laura_Wingerd :Configuration_Management

Conjunto de Dados

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SELECT ?nome WHERE { ?nome rdf:type vcard:Name }

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SELECT ?publicacao WHERE { ?publicacao card:authors :Liz_Fraley }

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SELECT ?publicacao ?autor WHERE { ?publicacao card:authors ?autor }

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SELECT ?assunto WHERE { ?publicacao card:subjects ?assunto }

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SELECT ?assunto WHERE { ?publicacao card:authors :Liz_Fraley . ?publicacao card:subjects ?assunto }

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SELECT ?assunto WHERE { ?publicacao card:subjects ?assunto . ?assunto subj:superset subj:content_management }

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SELECT ?assunto WHERE { ?assunto rdf:type subj:Subject }

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SELECT ?assunto WHERE { ?assunto rdf:type subj:Subject . ?assunto subj:superset subj:content_management }

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SELECT ?assunto WHERE { ?assunto rdf:type subj:Subject . { { ?assunto subj:superset subj:content_management . } UNION { ?assunto subj:superset ?super . ?super subj:superset subj:content_management } } }

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Generic Examples

▪ All classes

SELECT ?classe WHERE { ?classe rdf:type owl:Class }

▪ All triples (resource, property, value)

SELECT ?r ?p ?v WHERE { ?r ?p ?v }

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SWRL

▪ Place(?pl1), Place(?pl2), Place(?pl3), partOf(?

pl1, ?pl2), partOf(?pl2, ?pl3) -> partOf(?pl1, ? pl3)

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http://dbpedia.org/page/Eye

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Agradecimentos

▪ Luiz Celso Gomes Jr (professor desta disciplina em 2014)

pela contribuição na disciplina e nos slides.

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André Santanchè

http://www.ic.unicamp.br/~santanche

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Property

Label Detail var:origin Origin of the specimen This descriptor has to be used with great precaution...

var:origin

property

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Using the Property

CodedDescription taxa:V_bengalensis.html Label Detail state:asia Asia and austral isles The specimen is from Asia or the austral islands...

var:origin

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Connected Graph

... taxa:V_bengalensis.html state:asia

var:origin

...

var:origin var:origin

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Origin in GeoNames

taxa:V_bengalensis.html http://www.geonames.org/1269750/

var:origin

India

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Geo Tree

http://www.geonames.org/6255147/ http://www.geonames.org/1269750/

gn:parentFeature

India Asia

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Hypergraph

(Jaudete Daltio, 2013)

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Licença

▪ Estes slides são concedidos sob uma Licença Creative

  • Commons. Sob as seguintes condições: Atribuição, Uso Não-

Comercial e Compartilhamento pela mesma Licença.

▪ Mais detalhes sobre a referida licença Creative Commons veja

no link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

▪ Fotografia de capa e fundos: web-drops por Jeremy Hiebert [

http://www.flickr.com/photos/jeremyhiebert/] dispinível em http://www.flickr.com/photos/jeremyhiebert/6081389428/