SLIDE 1
HISTORICAL RECORDS OF 1815 REINSTATEMENT OF TRANQUEBAR
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
Presented by Markand D. Dave
Map of Tranquebar | Circa 1820 - 25 Presented at British Empire Study Group Seminar on Indian Philately held at the Collector's Club, New York, on October 15, 2011.
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SLIDE 2 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF 1815 REINSTATEMENT OF TRANQUEBAR BRIEF HISTORY OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
DUTCH (1595) DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY (1602) TRADING POSTS AT SURAT, BROACH, CAMBAY, AHMEDABAD (GUJARAT), COCHIN, NAGAPATNAM, CHINSURAH (BENGAL), PATNA AND AGRA. TAKEN OVER BY BRITISH EAST INDIA CO IN 1759. PORTUGUESE (MAY 27, 1498) ARRIVAL OF VASCO DA GAMA AT CALICUT GOA,(1510), DIU, DAMAN,SALSETTE, BASSEIN, CHITTAGONG AND HOOGLY
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
DANISH (1620) DANISH EAST INDIA COMPANY - TRADING POSTS AT CALICUT (1572-1791), DANNEMARKSNAGORE (1698-1714) SOUTH EAST CHANDERNAGORE, UDDGWAY TORRE (1696-1722) ON MALABAR COAST, TRANQUEBAR (FORT DANSBORG), SERAMPORE, FREDRIKSNAGORE BALASORE AND NICOBAR ISLAND (FRIEDRIKSOERNE) BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY (1600) FIRST TRADING POST AT SURAT 1612 MADRAS 1639 BOMBAY 1661 CALCUTTA1690 END OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA DUTCH (1759) DANISH 1845 sold to British. BRITISH 1947 (AUG) PORTUGUESE 1962 FRENCH 1954 FRENCH (1668) TRADING POSTS AT SURAT 1668, CHANDERNAGOR 1690-92, MASULIPATAM 1669, MAHE 1725, PONDICHERRY 1674 AND KARAIKAL 1730
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SLIDE 3 DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
THE MAP OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
Balasore
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SLIDE 4
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
Capital Fort Dansborg Dansborg Fort built by Ove Gjedde in 1620 at Tranquebar as it is today. Port view of Tranquebar Early sketh of Capital of Danish Settlement Circa 1620 - 25.
EARLY HISTORY
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SLIDE 5
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
Ove Gjedde (or Gedde) Born in 1594 | Died in 1660
EARLY HISTORY
First Governor
Language(s) Danish Tamil Hindustani ( Hindi ) Bengali
Governors
Ove Gjedde 1620-1621 Sivert Cortsen Adeler 1673-1682 Christian Frederik Høyer 1759-1760 Peter Anker 1788-1806 Hans de Brinck-Seidelin 1825-1829 Peder Hansen 1841-1845 5
SLIDE 6
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
Service Letter dated May 10, 1798 from Fort St. George to Tranquebar. Addressed to His Excellency Major General (Peter) Anker, The 4th Governor of Danish Settlements British officer ( Fort st. George ) transmiting the message to Peter Anker ( Tranquebar ) which is received from Commanding officer - Karikal ( French Sett )
POSTAL HISTORY
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SLIDE 7
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
Balasore 7 December, 1658 Reproduced by the permission of CORINPHILA AUKTIONEN AG ( 2010 ) EDITION D'OR XX, Classic India & Scinde 1600 - 1858 From Collection - Jochen Heddergot, Germany Earliest known from Danish Settlement
POSTAL HISTORY
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SLIDE 8
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
Giles # 4 Giles # 5 Giles # 7 Giles # 6 Giles # 2 Giles # 3
TRANQUEBAR
Giles # 1
SERAMPORE
Giles # 1
POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPS
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SLIDE 9
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
Post Paid / TRANQR Giles Type # 1 , Circa 1797-1808 ( Usage before 1815 ) Entire from Danish Sett to French Sett ( Pondicherry ) in India
Giles # 1 POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPS
TRANQUEBAR
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SLIDE 10
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
Giles # 2
Tranquebar Post not Paid Giles Type # 2 Entire from Danish Sett to French Sett ( Pondicherry ) in India
POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPS
Courtesy Frank Banke | Belguim
TRANQUEBAR
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SLIDE 11
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
Giles # 4
Tranquebar Paid Giles Type # 4 Entire from Tranquebar to Calcutta ( British India )
POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPS
By Permission of J Heddergot | Germany
TRANQUEBAR
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SLIDE 12
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
Tranquebar Bearing Giles Type # 5 Entire from Tranquebar to Madras ( British India )
Giles # 5 POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPS
By Permission of J Heddergot | Germany
TRANQUEBAR
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SLIDE 13
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
Tranquebar Paid Giles Type # 6 Entire from Tranquebar to Madras ( British India )
Giles # 6 POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPS
TRANQUEBAR
Courtesy Frank Banke | Belguim 13
SLIDE 14
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPS
Entire from Serampore Giles # 1 to Gowhaty
Giles # 1
SERAMPORE
Courtesy Frank Banke | Belguim 14
SLIDE 15 DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
INFORMATION ON DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA IS SKETCHY
The Encyclopedia
Stamps - VOL-III by Robson Lowe India used abroad by Jal cooper India used abroad by Vispi Dastur 15
SLIDE 16 DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
DANISH SETTLEMENTS FALLS INTO FOUR DISTINCT PERIOD
1616-1801 / 02 DANISH PERIOD 1802-1814/15 WAR BETWEEN BRITISH AND DANISH EFFECT OF NAPOLEONIC WAR 1815-1845 DANISH PERIOD WITH BRITISH P.O. IN TRANQUEBAR ONLY 1845 onwards UNDER THE ADMINISTRATION OF BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY IN 1802 NAPOLEON BONAPARTE BECAME THE FIRST CONSUL FOR LIFE AND IN 1804 TOOK THE TITLE OF EMPEROR OF
- FRANCE. NAPOLEON IN JULY 1798 DEFEATED THE MAMELUKES AT THE BATTLE OF THE PYRAMIDS.
HE HOPED TO MARCH ON AND CONQUER THE BRITISH INDIA. DENMARK HAD SIDED WITH FRANCE IN THE NAPOLENIC WAR. NAPOLEON WOULD HELP DENMARK LED TO THE WAR BETWEEN BRITISH AND DANES IN INDIA DURING 1801/02 - 1814/15 DEFEAT OF NAPOLEON BY THE BRITISH AT THE BATTLE OF NILE PREVENTED HIM TO ATTACK BRITISH INDIA
PRELIMINARY HISTORY | FRENCH RELATION
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SLIDE 17 DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
REMOVAL OF BRITISH MILITARY
I am directed to acquaint you that
- rders have been given to the Military Board for removing from Tranquebar
the British Ordnance and stores now at that station. 17
SLIDE 18
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
AUTHOR HAS ACQUIRED SEVERAL AUTHENTIC DOCUMENTS / CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE BRITISH AUTHORITIES IN FORT ST. GEORGE AND DANISH AUTHORITIES IN TRANQUEBAR, ABOUT THE RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF POSTAL SERVICES AT THE END OF 1801-1814 WAR.
THIS PRESENTATION IS CONCERNED WITH THE PERIOD 1801/02 - 1814/15
Parat # 2, Your arrangement for re-establishing a British Post Office at Tranquebar has been approved and communicated to the Post Master General. He has desired to report the usage, formerly observed in regard to the Payment of Postage by the Danish Government whose dispatches will post free, pending the expense to the Records of his office. 18
SLIDE 19 DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
To. The British Commissioners Tranquebar Gentlemen,
nd
Para 1 I am directed by the Right Honorable the Governor in Council to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 22 Ultimo. 2 Your arrangement for re-establishing a British Post Office at Tranquebar has been approved and communicated to the Post Master
- General. He has desired to report the usage, formerly observed in regard to the Payment of Postage by the Danish Government
whose dispatches will post free, pending the expense to the Records of his office. 3 You will ascertain sentiments of the Danish Commissioners respecting the mode of adjusting Accounts between the two governments, and you will submit the result with your own observations for the considerations of the Governor in Council. I have the honor to be Gentlemen Fort St. George Your most obedient Servant
th
13 October 1815 /Signed/ G. Strachy Chief Sec Political Department
THIS PRESENTATION IS CONCERNED WITH THE PERIOD 1801/02 - 1814/15
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SLIDE 20
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
ESTABLISHMENT OF “FREE POSTAL” SERVICE
....that all letters franked by his Excellency the Governor of Tranquebar shall be exempt from postage. The Governor in Council considers it unnecessary to extend this privilege to the other members of the Danish Govt. ....that the necessary orders have been issued at this office. for allowing ( for the present ) dispatches of Danish Government of Tranquebar to post free of postage. 20
SLIDE 21 DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
TRANQUEBAR FREE TRANQUEBAR FREE
UN-RECORDED EXAMPLE Evidence of Post free service, Dt : 17 January, 1848
Late usage Proves that the Privilege was available even after 1845. Perhaps extended up to 1869 until the Danish made the final exit from Nicobar Island ( Frederiksorene).
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SLIDE 22
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
S.1. That the Possessions belonging to the Government of India and now accepted by his Majesty's Forces are to be restored to that power in the same state in which they were when taken possession of. S.2. That all the archives of the Danish Government, artilleries, arms and military stores, horses, and in that all property of His Danish Majesty except such Provisions as may have been consumed by His Majestys Forces, or used for the public service are to be restored. S.3. That, ships of war and merchants' valuable belonging to His Danish Majesty, or to his subjects, between the parts or neighboring seas of the several settlements, are also to be restored in the same state in which they were when taken possession of. S.4. That with regard to revenues there of, whatever sum may have been received, during the times said settlements may have been in the possession of His Majestys army shall be accounted for the Danish Government with the exception of such disbursement for the public service as have here to fore been customarily deployed out of the public funds.
The manner proposed in the note for the final adjustment at the restitution of Tranquebar. Paragraphs here under which are extracts from the instructions issued in the same year by the British Government to the governor General in India Marques Wellesley as follows : RESTITUTION OF TRANQUEBAR
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SLIDE 23
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA
EVENTUALLY, THE DANISH SETTLEMENTS WERE SOLD TO BRITISH BETWEEN 1839 - 1845 FOR RUPEES 12½ Lacs ( RS. 1.25 MILLION). HISTORY OF SALE OF DANISH SETTLEMENTS - CRONOLOGY THEREAFTER THE FORMER DANISH SETTLEMENTS WERE ADMINISTERED BY THE BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY THUS, THE HISTORY OF DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA ENDED BETWEEN 1845 AND 1869.
END OF DANISH SETTLEMENTS
SERAMPORE 1839 TRANQUEBAR 7 NOVEMBER, 1845 FREDERIKSNAGORE 11 OCTOBER, 1845 NICOBAR ISLAND BETWEEN 1848 - 69 ( ABANDONED AND TAKEN OVER BY BRITISH )
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