11/21/2011 Current research and initiatives for a green Gauteng City-Region 16 November 2011 Graeme Gotz, Josephine Musango, Alexis Schaffler Overview Structure of the presentation 1. Context and quick overview of GCRO’s work in relation to a ‘Green Economy’ for Gauteng – Graeme Gotz 2. Metabolic flows and infrastructure transitions – Josephine Musango 3. Green assets and infrastructure: Sustainable stormwater drainage in the GCR – Alexis Schaffler 4. Green assets and infrastructure: State of Green Infrastructure – Alexis Schaffler 1
11/21/2011 Context Gauteng in the national space economy Gauteng presents both a challenge and opportunity for the greening of South Africa. • Within some 18 000km 2 – 11,2 million people, a quarter of SA’s population Context Gauteng in the national space economy Gauteng = 34% of national GDP; the wider city-region = 43%. A significant part of the • ‘problem’ in terms of unsustainable production and consumption …. But if we can get things right in Gauteng ….. • 2
11/21/2011 GCRO’s work on a ‘green economy’ for Gauteng January 2010 ‘Development Green Economy for Gauteng’ Note that green economy • commitments were already visible (albeit in embryonic form) in GPG’s Total no of low income sector systems to 666 000 2009-2014 MTSF be installed Total cost to install low-income sector Between December 2009 and February • R 1,189 systems (discounted (10%) to 2009 Rand 2010, on request from the MEC: DED, million for later installations) GCRO worked with Mark Swilling and Total electricity saved per year when all 543 other specialists to produce a low-income sector systems installed GWH Developmental Green Economy Estimate of annual electricity bill savings Strategy for Gauteng R 651 per household per year Document was notable for taking a • Carbon emissions averted per year when 712,215 wide view of what it means to green all low-income sector systems installed tons an economy (not just picking a few (metric ton) sectors pre-ordained as green), and for Carbon Credit revenue per year when all R 11.7 detailed calculations low income sector systems installed million Total jobs created to achieve all high and The argument in this document was • low income targets with maximum local 6,707 picked up in the Gauteng Employment content Growth and Development Strategy (GEGDS), approved mid-2010 GCRO’s work on a ‘green economy’ for Gauteng January – June 2011: Gauteng’s Green Strategic Programme • In late 2010 GCRO was approached by GPG: DED to provide support on a Green Strategic Programme • Process involved two phases over 6 months (January – June 2011) • Phase 1: Research into existing policies & strategies. Phase 2: Development of Programme Statements in 9 sectors • GSP approved mid-August 2011 1. Air Quality 2. Climate Change 3. Economic Development 4. Energy 5. Food Security 6. Land Use 7. Transport 8. Water and Sanitation 9. Waste 3
11/21/2011 GCRO’s work on a ‘green economy’ for Gauteng January – June 2011: Gauteng’s Green Strategic Programme Programme Statement: Economic Development – a small extract Objective/target Key activities Intergovernmental agreement Work with national departments of Economic Development, • on specifications and Trade and Industry, etc, as well as IDC and other agencies standards of new such as NRCS, to clarify where specifications/standards on technologies to receive new technologies are required before targeted support is targeted support provided or mass procurement is implemented (e.g. CFLs vs. LED lighting) Work with national partners to agree specifications and • standards for key technologies to be supported / procured Intergovernmental alignment Work with national departments and agencies to investigate • on industrial strategy support where government requirements for new products and for selected industries services can create market demand for new industries that are receiving corresponding support from national agencies (esp via IDC) A regional system of Evaluate the degree of support being provided to R&D and • innovation geared to support innovation in green products and services within the existing regional system of innovation (e.g. through CSIR, DST ‟ s bio- R&D and innovation around green products and services economy strategy, university research programmes, etc) GCRO’s work on a ‘green economy’ for Gauteng Further work in 2012/13 Note that the GSP calls for work to establish baseline measures against which to • benchmark progress in achieving a greener Gauteng: A key commitment is therefore to: • “Ensure that Gauteng is the first province to develop ‘aggregate measures of economic progress’ (a ‘beyond GDP index’), which will include: a system of provincial environmental and economic accounting … and systems to measure urban metabolic flows” The next section of this presentation describes the project that will achieve this • Within the green economy basket of GCRO’s work, we are looking at a further • project next year to investigate the actually existing green economy as it struggles to emerge in Gauteng. We will look at: 1. The micro-economy regulations that inhibit green business 2. National, provincial and local co-ordination of green economy support 3. The contradictions inherent in the system eg the municipal dependence on a fiscal base that requires consumption of more power, water, waste, fuel, land 4. Case studies of green businesses that have failed, or are starting to succeed 4
11/21/2011 Metabolic flows and infrastructure transitions Overview This is a 3-year project of the GCRO, aimed at profiling resource consumption and • understanding how infrastructure transitions can promote reduced metabolism The project is being built as a collaboration between GCRO, SI and ACC. Broadening • to potential collaboration with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Gauteng City-Region • may be viewed as living organism, with a metabolism of resource inputs, internal functions and waste outputs Metabolic flows and infrastructure transitions Overview With increased growth in the city region, there is a potential of reaching “ resource • limits ” The question that arises is how to transition infrastructure in order to promote • reduced metabolism Can greener and green infrastructure, green technologies, green industries, green • jobs, etc contribute to a reduction in metabolism? This project will provide baseline information that is useful in understanding the • fundamental infrastructure transition required, and the potential for greener infrastructure to promote reduced metabolism. It will also provide a ‘benchmark’ against which future change, positive or negative, can be measured. It will thereby provide support for policy-makers who need to make decisions on • long-term infrastructure investment policies and programmes 5
11/21/2011 Methods (1) Material flow analysis A systematic • assessment of the flows and stocks of materials within a system defined in time and space A number of • approaches fall within the material flow analysis – economy wide material flow analysis Methods (1) Material flow analysis It enables the derivation of indicators reflecting resource productivity, or resource • use efficiency. Has a practical application in policy making – early recognition; priority setting; effective policy making; and tool for communication 6
11/21/2011 Methods (2) Ecological footprint Measures the bio-productive area (land and sea) that would be required to • sustainably maintain a given population using the prevailing technology Ecological footprint of nations Bioproductive categories used for footprinting South Africa – 4.0 gha/cap World average – 2.8 gha/cap Earthshare – 2.2 gha/cap Methods (3) System dynamics System dynamics is a method that takes account of the interacting processes in a • complex system in dynamic manner over time Viewing city region as a • Example of some interacting factors in building and infrastructure complex system enables identification of identify Demolition of buildings and - interlinking factors infrastructure Service lifetime of new buildings and - Can combine physical infrastructure • + Buildings and + resource issues with social infrastructure stock Material and economic behaviours + consumption + Quality of new construction Initiation of new + construction - + Labour capacity and + material availability Urgency to provide building and infrastructure + Unmet building and Building and + infrastructure demand infrastructure demand 7
11/21/2011 Methods (3) System dynamics Residential materials system dynamic model - a simplified example … Operational residential additions Residential material stock Long term Residential residential additions demolitions Residential waste Residential new Residential generation construction mainteinance Methods (4) Agent based modeling Agent based modelling is used to predict how humans behave according to a set of • conditions and can be used to model human behaviour within an urban system Evolution of the city dependent on many factors including household, policy and • administrative decisions 8
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