CSU WHEAT BREEDING AND GENETICS PROGRAM CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CSU WHEAT BREEDING AND GENETICS PROGRAM

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Scott D. Haley

CSU Wheat Breeder Soil and Crop Sciences Department Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado wheat.colostate.edu

Outline

• US Wheat Production Regions, Classes
• Breeding Program Objectives
• Breeding Methods and Pipelines
• Field Sites and Trialing System
• Outcomes
• Acknowledgements

US Wheat Production Regions

Courtesy of US Wheat Associates

West-Central Great Plains “High Plains”

Source – nass.usda.gov

• Grain yield and yield stability
• Stress tolerance - drought, high temperatures, winter injury
• End-use quality

baking properties

Breeding Program Objectives

NIDIS Upper Colorado River Regional Drought Early Warning System

NIDIS Upper Colorado River Regional Drought Early Warning System

• Grain yield and yield stability
• Stress tolerance - drought, high temperatures, winter injury
• Agronomics - plant height, straw strength, maturity, coleoptile

length, shattering tolerance

• Disease and insect resistance - rusts, wheat streak mosaic

virus (WSMV), wheat stem sawfly, Russian wheat aphid (RWA)

• End-use quality

Breeding Program Objectives

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) Russian wheat aphid (RWA) Stripe rust (yellow rust)

Wheat Curl Mite Vector

Stem Rust (Ug-99, Ug-99+) Wheat Stem Sawfly Sipha maydis

• Grain yield and yield stability
• Stress tolerance - drought, high temperatures, winter injury
• Agronomics - plant height, straw strength, maturity, coleoptile

length, shattering tolerance

• Disease and insect resistance - rusts, wheat streak mosaic

virus (WSMV), wheat stem sawfly, Russian wheat aphid (RWA)

• End-use quality
• Physical, structural
• Milling
• Dough mixing
• Bread baking

Breeding Program Objectives

‘Snowmass’ Hard White Wheat (2009) Woodrow, Colorado

UltraGrain HP – www.ardentmills.com/ultragrain.html

Breeding Pipeline – “Conventional”

Crossing

Two greenhouse cycles/year Feb-March field planting

Line derivation

Headrow line selection Line re-selection

Line testing

Preliminary (2 locations) Advanced (7 locations) CSU Elite (21 locations) Variety Trial (11+3 locs)

10 Number of Years 0 Bulk testing

Two generations (years) Yield, test weight, visuals

Numbers (2015)

Crosses – 1,000 combos Bulks (yr 1) – 700 pops Bulks (yr 2) – 350 pops Headrows – 30,000 lines Preliminary – 1,500 lines Advanced – 250 lines Elite – 25 lines Variety Trial – 5 lines

Other Activities

DNA marker screening Quality testing Disease screening Seed purification/increase

Cross Development

Elite/elite crosses Three-way crosses (markers)

Doubled haploid (DH)

• 12 months seed to seed
• Markers prior to selection

Single seed descent (SSD)

• 3 greenhouse cycles
• Line selection in field

6-7 Number of Years 0

Breeding Pipeline – “Fast Track”

CSU Wheat Breeding Program

Cross Development

Elite/elite crosses Three-way crosses (markers)

Doubled haploid (DH)

• 12 months seed to seed
• DNA Markers for selection

Single seed descent (SSD)

• 3 greenhouse cycles
• Line selection in field

Line testing

Observation row (1 location) Advanced (3-5 locations) CSU Elite (21 locations) Variety Trial (11+3 locs)

6-7 Number of Years 0 Numbers

DH ~ 3,000 lines/year (60 crosses) 807 selected (2015) 1048 selected (2014) 628 selected (2013) SSD ~ 5,000 lines (2015) 375 selected (2014) 200 selected (2013)

Other Activities

DNA marker screening Quality testing Disease screening Seed purification/increase

Breeding Pipeline – “Fast Track”

Larimer Washington Weld Cheyenne Prowers Baca Otero Lincoln Kiowa Morgan Sedgwick

CSU Winter Wheat Testing Locations 2015-2016

Yuma Kit Carson Phillips Logan

Uniform Variety Performance Trial (UVPT, dryland) Irrigated Variety Performance Trial (IVPT) CSU Elite Trial Locations (2007,14) Main Breeding Locations (2003) Main Breeding Locations (1999)

• 23 total field locations, ~19k plots
• Colorado: 13 dryland, 3 irrigated
• Outstate: 5 dryland, 2 irrigated
• varied system, management
• Colorado – 4 research centers
• Akron (USDA-ARS)
• Rocky Ford (irrig)
• Walsh
• Fort Collins (ARDEC, irrig)
• 13 locations with cooperating

farmers, most being certified seed growers

Wheat Plot Combine (x 2)

(single-person operation,

• n-combine data collection)

Wheat Plot Planter (cable tripping system, no-till capability, starter fertilizer)

CSU Elite Trial Dryland Location Averages (2012-2015)

CSU Wheat Breeding Program

Varieties Released since 1973

http://wheat.colostate.edu – Breeding Program (inc variety information) http://csucrops.com – Crops Testing Program http://ramwheatdb.com – wheat variety performance database http://plainsgold.com – variety ownership and marketing

1973 1976 1994 2004 2011 2015 Vona - 34.5 bu/a Baca - 33.1 bu/a Advantage = +1.4 bu/a (16 trials, 1990-95) Akron - 42.3 bu/a Vona - 40.9 bu/a Advantage = +1.4 bu/a (35 trials, 1991-95) Hatcher - 46.8 bu/a Akron - 42.1 bu/a Advantage = +4.7 bu/a (78 trials, 2001-08, 2014-15) Avery - 59.6 bu/a Byrd - 58.0 bu/a Advantage = +1.6 bu/a (43 trials, 2013-15) Byrd - 55.0 bu/a Hatcher - 50.5 bu/a Advantage = +4.5 bu/a (49 trials, 2009-15)

Acknowledgements – Personnel

Acknowledgements – Funding

Questions?