CSG Justice Center National non-profit, non-partisan membership - - PDF document

10/27/2011 1

th

l f OJACC25th AnnualConference

ReducingRecidivismThroughCollaboration

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter

MarcPelka August15,2011

CSG Justice Center

• National non-profit, non-partisan

membership association of state government officials

• Represents all three branches of state government
• Justice Center provides practical, nonpartisan

advice informed by the best available evidence

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Criminal Justice / Mental Health Consensus Project Reentry Policy Council Justice Reinvestment

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Funders and Partners

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Justice Reinvestment in the States

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Justice Reinvestment Three-Part Strategy

1

Bipartisan, inter-branch, bicameral structure

2 3 Analyze Data & Develop Policy Options Adopt New Policies

• Identify assistance

needed to implement policies effectively

• Deploy targeted

reinvestment strategies to increase

• Analyze data to look at

crime, court, corrections, and supervision trends

• Solicit input from

stakeholders

Measure Performance

• Track the impact of

enacted policies/programs

• Monitor recidivism

rates & other key measures

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strategies to increase public safety

• Review implementation

progress stakeholders

• Map allocation of

resources

• Develop policy options

& estimate cost savings measures

Presentation Overview

J ti R i t t I Ohi Ph I R JusticeReinvestmentInOhio:PhaseIRecap JRinNorthCarolina:AComparisonCase Building the Bridge from JR Phase I to II

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BuildingtheBridgefromJRPhaseItoII

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Forstateprisons,cuts present new problems

“”Wehavenodrugtreatment programsatmediumsecurity

• rabove(facilities),”„says

JustinJones,directorofthe Okl h D t t f

presentnewproblems

ByJohnGramlich,StatelineStaffWriter

OklahomaDepartmentof Corrections.“”Weeliminatedall sexoffendertreatment,even thoughitwasmandatedby statute.”„

Probation officers hit by statewide Probationofficershitbystatewide budgetcuts

Mar18,2011 ByMelissaLeu andMaryJ.Cristobal IllinoisStatehouseNews “”Wehaveprobationofficerswhoaresupervisingmorethanprobablytwo times what the state standards say that we ought to supervise ”„ said times…‧whatthestatestandardssaythatweoughttosupervise, said DennisMeyers,Winnebago’‚sdirectorofcourtservices.“”Unfortunately, there’‚sstillpeoplethatareonprobationthatneedprobationofficerstosee them.Sowehavelesspeopletoseethem,butwetrytodothebestwecan.”„ “”ProbationinIllinoishasmadesuchprogressinthelast10to15years,”„ Dallassaid.“”It'ssodisappointingtothinkthatwemightbegoingbackwards.”„

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CrimeriddenCamden,N.J.,cutspolice forcenearlyinhalf y

ThemayorofcrimeriddenCamden,NewJersey,has announcedlayoffsofnearlyhalfofthecity'spoliceforceand closetoathirdofitsfiredepartment. Onehundredsixtyeightpoliceofficersand67firefighters l id ff d ffi i l l l $

January18,2011|BytheCNNWireStaff

werelaidoffTuesday,asofficialsstruggletoclosea$26.5 millionbudgetgapthroughaseriesofbelttightening measures,MayorDanaRedd toldreporters.Thelayoffstake effectimmediately.

RidingAlongWiththeCopsinMurdertown,U.S.A.

WhatFlintisnowisoneofAmerica’‚smurdercapitals.Lastyear p y inFlint,population102,000,therewere66documented murders.ThemurderratehereisworsethanthoseinNewark andSt.LouisandNewOrleans.It’‚sevenworsethanBaghdad’‚s. AfterthedoorisunlockedandIenterpoliceheadquarters,itis easytoseewhy.Thereareonlysixpatrolmenondutyfora Saturdaynight.SobrokeisFlintthatthecitylaidofftwothirds

• fitspoliceforceinthelastthreeyears.Thefrontdesklooks

likeadustymuseumpiece. “”Sometimes,wedon’‚tgettoacallfortwodays,”„hesays.Lastfall, anelderlycouplecalledafterbeingheldupatgunpointintheir driveway.Thepolicearrivedonthescenefivehourslater.

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FiscalChallengesForcingExaminationofPolicyEffectiveness

ShortfallasPercentofTotalStateBudget (2011)

Ohio

Budget Shortfall Prison Population Growth Projected

$8billion

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Source:CenteronPolicyandBudgetPriorities

+2,871

20102015(5yrs)

$

FY201213biennium

ChallengesFacingOhio’‚sPrisonSystem

51,000 53,000 55,000 39,000 41,000 43,000 45,000 47,000 49,000

PrisonPopulation Up9 percent (2000–— 2010) –— Population Projection Up7percent (2011 2015) PrisonCrowding 33 percentofCapacity (2010)

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35,000 37,000 ,

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InterimReportstoJRWorkingGroup

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ExtensiveStakeholderEngagement

Law Enforcement Prosecutors Victim Advocates Judges Probation Defense Bar Justice Reinvestment in Ohio

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Behavioral Health Treatment Providers Community Corrections Local Government Officials

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PolicyConferenceDistillsAnalysesintoKeyFindings

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First,InefficientUseofPrisononLowLevelOffenders

Peopleconvictedoffourthandfifthdegree feloniesaccountforhalfofannualprison admissions admissions Twothirdsoftheseadmissionswerepeople convictedofnonviolentpropertyanddrugoffenses Manysentencesaresoshortthatmostpeopledonotreceive programmingorevenmakeitpastreceptioncenters

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Roughlythreequartersoftheseindividualsarethen releasedtothecommunitywithnosupervision p g g p p

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Second,NoAdmissionCriteriaforDiversionPrograms

…‧statefundingfor community corrections programs correctionsprograms hasincreased,buta lackofadmission criteriaforthese programsmakes themlesscost effectiveatdiverting

• ffenders…‧

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$117 million

FY2006

$137 million

FY2010 StateFundingforCBCF,HWH, Prison&JailDiversionPrograms

Third,aPatchworkofProbationSupervision

No standards apply statewide to all departments

Probation Population

statewide to all departments No data are collected statewide

80% Supervised with No State Standards

20% Supervised with State Standards

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State funds a large percentage of all probation services locally

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ThirteenPointJRPolicyFramework

Managegrowthoftheprison populationandreduce spendingoncorrections Increasethecost effectivenessofexisting criminal justice investments

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criminaljusticeinvestments Reinvestinstrategiesthatcan increasepublicsafety

Focusonpeoplemostlikelytoreoffend

PROBLEM DATA POLICYCHANGE

DRCDatabase

NoDataSharing

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HoldOffendersAccountableinMoreMeaningfulWays

PROBLEM DATA POLICYCHANGE

F1: 2,059 8%

FelonyLevel OffenseTypes

Sex : 602 (4%)

008

8% F2: 3,133 12% F3: 6,395 24% Person: 2,382 16% Property : 5,028 33%

10,375 Admissions Average PrisonStay: Prison Admissions in 20

1st Felony?

Probation

mustbeimposed

F4: 6,777 25% F5: 8,296 31% 15,073

56%

Drug: 5,347 35% Burglary + Other: 1,714 11%

9months $189 million

Annual Cost

p (min.of1year), unless:

• firearm
• physicalharm
• Insufficient

programming

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Reinvestinhighperformingprograms

PROBLEM DATA POLICYCHANGE

$ illi $104million

ImpactofOhioResidential CorrectionalProgramson Recidivism

44%

F4/F5sas Condition

• f

probation

Notarget population,based

• nriskorlikelihood
• f incarceration

HIGH RISK PRISON BOUND

Targetpopulation

• fincarceration

Nostatutory accountabilityfor

poorperforming programs

Admissioncriteriafilter

• utunsuitable

populations

22

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Strengthenprobationsupervision

PROBLEM DATA POLICYCHANGE

>250,000

PROBATIONERS

Probationisthekeytothe effectivenessofOhio’‚s criminaljusticesystem.

Minimum Minimum d d d d Data Data Collection Collection Reduce Reduce Duplication Duplication Relatively Relatively S ift S ift

Nominimumstandards. Nodata. Practicesvary significantlybycounty, municipality,andeven courtroom.

23

standards standards Swifter Swifter Violation Violation Hearings Hearings

LandmarkLegislationApproved,SignedintoLaw

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“”[Thislaw]isnotjustgoingtosavemoneyfor theStateofOhio;it’‚sgoingtoapplythat moneyinwaysthatcanremediate,give peopleachance.”„ GovernorJohnKasich HouseofRepresentatives 962 Senate 303

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Reinvestment:

$20million

4YearSavings:

$46million

53 858

000 55,000

50,987 53,858 48,177

49,000 50,000 51,000 52,000 53,000 54,000

StatusQuo Forecast

45,000 46,000 47,000 48,000

Dec10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15

Impact

25

Presentation Overview

JR I Ohi Ph I R JRInOhio:PhaseIRecap JRinNorthCarolina:AComparisonCase Building the Bridge from JR Phase I to II

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BuildingtheBridgefromJRPhaseItoII

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JusticeReinvestmentinNorthCarolina

41,110 StatusQuoForecast 43,220

39 000 42,000 45,000

Actual Population 31,581

30,000 33,000 36,000 39,000

27

Budget Shortfall

PrisonPopulation GrowthProjected

+2,110

20112017(6yrs)

$2.4billion

FY2012

Mandatorysupervisionfollowingprisonrelease

9

86%

Lackofsupervision afterprisoncontributes public safety risk

9

months

86%

NoSupervision

HigherReArrestRate

9

publicsafetyrisk. 51%ofthosereleased unsupervisedarere arrestedwithin3years. Noaccountability duringreentry. Resultsinrevocation

12

months months

timebeinglessthan remainingtimeon supervision.

28

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Focusonpeoplemostlikelytoreoffend

$120million spentmonitoring

100 000+ probationers

LOW 9percent rearrested

100,000+probationers

…‧allbeingsupervised Probation RevocationRate forLowRisk Offenders

+49%

Since2005

HIGH 31percent rearrested

moreorless thesameway.

29

Improvestate/countycoordination

PROBLEM DATA POLICYCHANGE

Mi d Misdemeanor Offenders

1/4

• fprison

admissions aremisdemeanor

• ffenders

Misdemeanoroffendersmaybehoused inacountyjail,underthefollowing conditions:

OriginalProposal: Shiftthem tocountyjails.

3months

average lengthofstay

• Sheriffvoluntarilyaccepts
• Bedspaceexists
• Reimbursedbynewstate

fund,supportedbyfees.

30

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Reinvestinhighperformingprograms

PROBLEM DATA POLICYCHANGE

$9

million FormulabasedGrants

• Ineffective

programmodels

• Notarget

populations

• $spenton

administration

$9

million DOCContracts

for Serving High Risk/Need

+40%

CommunityBasedPrograms

(primarilysubstanceusetreatment)

insteadof treatment

• Onlyserved50%
• fthoseneeding

treatment

forServingHighRisk/Need withEffectiveProgramModels

CommunityBasedPrograms

(primarilysubstanceusetreatment)

31

Presentation Overview

JR I Ohi Ph I R JRInOhio:PhaseIRecap JRinNorthCarolina:AComparisonCase Building the Bridge from JR Phase I to II

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BuildingtheBridgefromJRPhaseItoII

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Phase II

2 Adopt New Policies 3 Measure Performance 1 Analyze Data & Develop Policy Options

• Identify assistance needed

to implement policies effectively

• Deploy targeted

reinvestment strategies to increase public safety

• Review implementation

progress

• Analyze data to look at

crime, court, corrections, and supervision trends

• Solicit input from

stakeholders

• Map allocation of

resources

• Develop policy options &
• Track the impact of

enacted policies/programs

• Monitor recidivism rates &
• ther key measures

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estimate cost savings

Justice Reinvestment Phase II States

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Key Implementation Focus: State / County Partnership to Strengthen Probation

Almostonethirdofallprisonadmissionsareprobationfailures Thisstrategyshiftsresourcestothefrontend,helpingprobationpreventfuturecrime. UseConsistentRiskAssessmentTool Probation Departments ProbationImprovementGrant

Resourcestolocaldepartmentsto makeinvestmentsinevidence basedstrategiestoimprove supervisionoutcomes.

MeetStatewideMinimumStandards ReportMonthlyData

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Probation Departments ImproveOutcomesaboveBaselineYear

FewerFailuresandRevocations

ProbationIncentiveGrant

Additionalcompetitivegrantto departmentstofurtherimprove probationoutcomesandincrease publicsafety.

Justice Reinvestment Phase II Assistance

ResourcestoSupportImplementation TechnicalAssistancetoEnhancePolicy Implementation Bipartisan,InterbranchCoordinationand StakeholderEngagement FidelitytotheGoalsUnderpinningJR

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NewJailDispositions

2,440(+4%)

SystemIndicators:January–— March2011

Avg.DailyJailPopulation(2008)

15,171

18 %

CrimesReported(2008)

50,166(8%)

293,585(5%)

Arrests(2008)

12,398(14%)

35,166(4%)

27 %

NewSplitJail/ProbationDispositions

3,697(22%)

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ThankYou

MarcPelka

(646)3835720 mpelka@csg.org

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|37 Thismaterialwaspreparedforthe[insertnameofcontractor/congressional committee/governmentagency].Thepresentationwasdevelopedbymembersof theCouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenterstaff.Becausepresentationsare notsubjecttothesamerigorousreviewprocessasotherprintedmaterials,the statementsmadereflecttheviewsoftheauthors,andshouldnotbeconsidered theofficialpositionoftheJusticeCenter,themembersoftheCouncilofState Governments,orthefundingagencysupportingthework.