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CSCI261C/E
Lecture 3: C++ Fundamentals (continued) August 31, 2011
CSCI261C/E Lecture 3: C++ Fundamentals (continued) August 31, 2011 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
CSCI261C/E Lecture 3: C++ Fundamentals (continued) August 31, 2011 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
CSCI261C/E Lecture 3: C++ Fundamentals (continued) August 31, 2011 ? Alan Turing 1912 - 1954 Turing Machine aka Universal Machine the man himself bombe code-breaking machine Review C++ program structure Preprocessing
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Alan Turing
1912 - 1954 “Turing Machine” aka “Universal Machine”
bombe code-breaking machine
the man himself
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Review
- C++ program structure
- Preprocessing directives
- main()
- {code blocks}
- Variable declarations & types (intro)
- I/O (cin, cout)
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Comments
// a one line comment /* a multi- line comment */ /* omg! */
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Semicolon;
...is like a period at the end of a sentence. EXCEPT for preprocessing directives (they are special) #include<somelibrary>
dude, no semicolon!
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C++ is Case-Sensitive
double Porsche; double porsche; double pOrScHe; These are three different variables!
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Variables
- are names pointing to values (like algebra)
- should start w/ lower case
- should not contain special characters
- ($%^&@#! and the like)
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Syntax Notation Guide
[this is optional]
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Declaring Variables
[modifier] type name [= initial value]; [modifier] type name [(initial value)]; int x; int q = 0; double height(23.0); const int DAYS = 7; double z, y(0); // two at once, for style char initial = ‘j’; // character values need single-quotes
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Modifiers
const (for now)
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Types
- short, int, long
- float, double, long double
- bool
- char
- string (#include<string>)
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An Abrupt Introduction to Classes and Objects
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...to be continued
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Symbolic Constant
- it’s what you think it is (just a constant)
- cannot change its value
- for style, use ALL CAPS
- often declared outside of main()
const double PI = 3.14159;
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Operators
- think algebra
- =, +, -, *, /, %
- assignment (=) is not equality (==)!
- follow precedence rules (p52)
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Increment & Decrement (with style)
int x; x = 1; x++; x = x + 1;
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Order Matters
int x, y; x = 10; y = ++x - 3; x = x + 1; y = x - 3; int x, y; x = 10; y = x++ - 3; y = x - 3; x = x + 1;
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Other “Tricks”
- multiple assignment (p56)
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Operations w/ Multiple Types
int age = 21; double grade = 4.0; age = 21.5; // age = 21 grade = 2; // grade = 2.0 grade = ‘a’; // grade = ?*
* the ascii numeric value for the lower case letter ‘a’
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simple text formatting with cin and cout
- see p58 - 62
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Functions in the Standard C++ Library
#include<cmath> Gives you the power of... fabs(x) sqrt(x) pow(x,y) log(x) and more!
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Functions (in brief)
const double PI = acos(-1.0); Are like “mini programs” your program can use Are abstractions Take input (usually) Return a value (usually)
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Homework
- First read 2.8 (p 78 - 82)
- Continue reading all of chapter 2
- Complete assignment 03_aircraft