CS449/649: Human-Computer Interaction Winter 2018 Lecture IV Anastasia Kuzminykh
Understand Your Users: Exploratory Studies Record artifacts Use codes and users manipulate symbols Separate “says” Separate tasks, and “does” goals, motivations Observations Separate Keep your side actions and body notes separately language Separate observations and interpretations
Understand Your Users: Exploratory Studies ● Questionnaires ● Diary/Camera Studies ● Ethnographic Field ● Observations ● Participatory Design Studies ● Interviews ● Contextual inquiry - In depth discussion of the topic with a participant - Usually one-on-one - Written, audio, video recording options (requires consent!)
Understand Your Users: Interview Interviews Semi - Narrative Focus - Structured Structured (Unstructured) Groups
Understand Your Users: Interview Semi - Narrative Focus - Structured Structured (Unstructured) Groups List of guiding Semi-structured in a Focus and goal guide questions / topics group Same set of questions the discussion Trajectories in a Moderated Standardized process Open-ended questions conversation 6-10 homogeneous Little freedom of Freedom of expression Often preceded by strangers expression & little control observation May permit discussion Often self-reported Popular in One of the most ethnography popular Emerged in the 1940s
Understand Your Users: Exploratory Studies ● Questionnaires ● Diary/Camera ● Ethnographic Field ● Observations Studies Studies ● Interviews ● Participatory Design ● Contextual inquiry - Includes a mechanism (diary or camera) to record / describe relevant activities in “everyday” settings - Longitudinal - Data recorded by participants based on provided guidelines
Understand Your Users: Exploratory Studies ● Questionnaires ● Diary/Camera Studies ● Ethnographic Field ● Observations ● Participatory Design Studies ● Interviews ● Contextual inquiry - Participants are given design elements - Inclusive design process - constructing ideal experience real time with a researcher - Helps to understand values and uncover mental models
Understand Your Users: Exploratory Studies ● Questionnaires ● Diary/Camera Studies ● Ethnographic ● Observations ● Participatory Design Field Studies ● Interviews ● Contextual inquiry - Natural environment, everyday life - First-hand participation in users’ activities - Description of the scene, key events, key actors, key artifacts and actions - Combination of observations and interviews - Focus on objective behaviours
Understand Your Users: Exploratory Studies Ethnographic Field Studies Natural Observations Interviews context
Understand Your Users: Exploratory Studies ● Questionnaires ● Diary/Camera Studies ● Ethnographic Field ● Observations ● Participatory Design Studies ● Interviews ● Contextual inquiry - Natural environment, everyday life - First-hand participation in participants’ activities - Relatively short (several hours) - Researcher heavily involved in the process and constantly asks questions - Mostly rely on self-report data
Understand Your Users: Exploratory Studies There is a product There is NO product ● True-Intent Studies ● Remote Unmoderated Usability Studies ● Intercept Surveys ● Clickstream Analysis ● Questionnaires ● Ethnographic Field ● Diary/Camera Studies ● Observations Studies ● Participatory Design ● Interviews ● Contextual inquiry
Translating Needs Into Functionalities Make data Identify right time Turn problems actionable and place into tasks Adjust personas Thinking Physical model Affinity diagrams Memory Sequence model Attention Breakdowns Flow model Motivations Cultural model Habituation Artifact models
Translating Needs Into Functionalities Make data Identify right time Turn problems actionable and place into tasks Adjust personas Thinking Physical model Affinity diagrams Memory Sequence model Attention Breakdowns Flow model Motivations Cultural model Habituation Artifact models
Translating Needs Into Functionalities Make data actionable Make them more colorful and detailed based on the generalized characteristics of your participants you did not account Adjust personas for previously Affinity diagrams Breakdowns (most likely there are several) Cultural model Artifact models
Translating Needs Into Functionalities Make data A sense-making tool for qualitative data actionable (see lecture IV) Notes on Review Sorting & cards the cards grouping Adjust personas Affinity diagrams Sub - Themes in groups Data Breakdowns Cultural model Artifact models
Understand Your Users: Analyzing Qualitative data Row Qualitative Data = "Fuzzy Data" = Not yet Actionable Affinity Diagram Notes on Review the Sorting and Smaller Themes in cards cards grouping Subgroups Data
Understand Your Users: Analyzing Qualitative data Regroup often Prepare Use fresh space view Give it Use color time Affinity Diagram Use all Trust it data Notes on Review the Sorting and Smaller Themes in cards cards grouping Subgroups Data
Translating Needs Into Functionalities Where and when things go wrong Make data actionable in individuals work practice Points in time or space when individuals have a problem Adjust personas accomplishing the task that should Affinity diagrams otherwise be easy given the tools that they are using Breakdowns Cultural model Unpacking the tacit dimension for Artifact models possible design solutions
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