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Crowdsourcing Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Dose Estimation Crowdsourcing Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Dose Estimation Using The Dicentric Chromosome Challenge Using The Dicentric Chromosome Challenge

Advisors: Dr. Adayabalam Balajee, Maria Escalona, and Terri Ryan

J essica Cutlip, Chelsea J ohnson, Brian Lewis, Nghia Nguyen, J onathan Stephens, & Barbara Waters In partnership with the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC), Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), and Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS).

Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Lab (CBL) Team

• Dr. Adayabalam

Balajee Maria Escalona Terri Ryan

• Provide individual absorbed radiation dose estimate following
• ccupational or accidental exposure using the “gold standard”

dicentric chromosome assay

• Develop innovative biodosimetry techniques to effectively

increase the rapidity of individual dose assessment in case of a radiological/nuclear mass casualty event

REAC/TS & CBL Mission Statement: REAC/TS & CBL Mission Statement:

Introduction

• Radiological/nuclear mass casualty event
• Estimate dose via biodosimetry
• Guide medical professionals in taking appropriate medical interventions
• Dicentric Chromosome Assay (DCA) - Gold standard
• Dicentric Chromosome Challenge Game

Background: Ionizing Radiation & Dicentric Chromosomes

Background: Dicentric Chromosome Assay (DCA)

Number of dicentric chromosomes ○ Background level 1 dicentric/1000 lymphocytes ○ Indicative of damage by ionizing radiation when higher ○ Existence of causes other than ionizing radiation

Background: Dicentric Chromosome Assay (DCA)

• Chromosomal ABerrations

cAlculation Software (CABAS) for analysis ○ Aberrations Observed/Cells Scored ○ Quotient used in calibration curve to get estimated dose

Radiological/Nuclear Event Triaging Process

1

Mass Casualty Event Mass Casualty Event

Many individuals requiring medical attention

2

Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Dose Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Dose Estimation Estimation

Current “gold standard” for measuring is the Dicentric Chromosome Assay.

• Time-consuming
• Automation available

3

Dose Estimate Information Utilized Dose Estimate Information Utilized By Medical Professionals By Medical Professionals

Dose estimate can guide medical professionals in their treatment decisions.

Materials and Methods Materials and Methods

Materials

• Dicentric Chromosome

Challenge game

• Google form survey
• Internet ready device

Method Method

Chromosome Challenge Game

Result: Scored by Age

• 31% of individuals aged

41-50 scored 90% or above

• 12% of individuals aged

15-20 scored 90% or above

• Ages 21-30 and 31-40

had no desirable scores

Percentage of Participants Age

Result: Scored by Gender

• Males had the

highest success rate, with 24% scoring a 90% or above

• Only 5% of females

scored a 90% or above

Percentage of Participants Gender

Result: Scored by Background Education

• Individuals with backgrounds in

Arts, Skilled Trades, and Business had the highest success rates, with 50%

• 12% of both individuals with

science backgrounds and students still in high school scored 90% or above

• No individuals aside from those

with backgrounds in the aforementioned categories scored above a 90%

Percentage of Participants Education Background

Impact of Type of Device Used

• Individuals using a

computer to play the game had higher overall success, with 13% scoring 90% or above and only 34% scoring below a 75%

• Tablet users had the least

success with 0% scoring a 90% or above and 75% scoring below a 75%

Percentage of Participants Type of Device

Success Rate by Number of Attempts

Number of Participants

• The number of individuals

scoring 75% or below decreased as the number

• f attempts increased
• The number of individuals

scoring 90% or above increased as the number

• f attempts increased

Number of Attempts

Conclusion

Ideal volunteer demographics:

• Aged 41-50
• Male
• Background in art, trade skill, or business
• Computer user

Data suggests with increased training, there is increased accuracy in identification of dicentric chromosomes. Therefore, the Dicentric Chromosome Challenge could be used to train volunteers to correctly identify dicentric chromosomes and estimate radiation dose in the circumstance of a mass radiation event.

References

Balajee, A. S., Escalona, M., Iddins, C. J., Shuryak, I., Livingston, G. K., Hanlon, D., & Dainiak, N. (2019). Development of electronic training and telescoring tools to increase the surge capacity of dicentric chromosome scorers for radiological/nuclear mass casualty incidents. Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine, 144, 111–117. Balajee, A. S., Escalona, M., & Ryan, T. (2020). Cytogenetic Biodosimetry. ARC/ORNL Summer Institute, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States.