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Italia, Roma 03 luglio 2019 Country Presentation Libano Informiamo che ICE - Agenzia, in collaborazione con il MAECI, organizza mercoled 3 luglio p.v., presso la propria sede di Via Liszt 21 (Roma), una Country Presentation PLURISETTORIALE

  1. Capital Investment Programme TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 1 Context and Framework ................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................... 1 Project Rationale ..................................................................................................... 1 Project Context and Objectives Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 2 4 Transport ........................................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................... 4 Introduction and Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 4 Objectives Context ..................................................................................................................................... 4 ............................................................................................................................. 5 Methodology Background and Current Conditions ............................................................................................. 5 ......................................................................................................... 5 The Role of Infrastructure ............................................................... 6 Transport Infrastructure and the Lebanese Economy .......................................................................... 8 Capital Investment in Transport Infrastructure Transport Infrastructure and Sustainable Development Goals ................................................. 9 Quality & Competitiveness of Transport Infrastructure ............................................................. 9 Roads ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Railways ................................................................................................................................. 11 Airports ................................................................................................................................... 11 Ports ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Transport and Trade Flows ................................................................................................ 12 .................................................................... 12 Impact of the Syrian Crisis on the Transport Sector ................................................................................................. 13 Existing Program and Strategies Land Use Master Plan 2009 ................................................................................................... 13 ..................................................................................... 14 2006-2009 Development Programme ........... 14 Comprehensive Sector Policy and Strategy for the Lebanese Land Transport Sector Summary of Proposals ........................................................................................................... 14 Development Vision .................................................................................................................... 16 .................................................................. 16 Justification for New Capital Investment Programme ............................................................................. 17 Capacity and Impact on Economic Activity ............................... 17 Sustainable Development and Access to services for vulnerable groups Facilitating Trade and Movement of Goods in and out of Lebanon ........................................ 18 Reintroducing Public Transport to Lebanon ........................................................................... 19 ..................................................................................................... 19 Generation of Employment Strategic Capital Investment Programme ................................................................................... 19 CIP Update: Municipalities and Governorates Requirements ..................................................... 23 ........................................................................................................................... 23 Methodology Analysis and Results .............................................................................................................. 25 Road Rehabilitation and Improvement Projects...................................................................... 25 L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page i of v

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Capital Investment Programme .................................................................................................................... 27 New Links/Roads Maritime and Airports ............................................................................................................. 28 Public Transport Projects ....................................................................................................... 28 Parking Projects ..................................................................................................................... 29 ................................................................................................... 30 Summary and Way Forward ......................................................................................................... 32 Institutional Considerations .............................................. 33 Possible Schemes for Financing and Private Sector Participation PPP Modes ........................................................................................................................ 33 ......................................................................... 46 Characteristics, Risks and Considerations .................................................................................................................. 46 Category IV Projects- Background ........................................................................................................................ 46 General Comments on the CIP and Proposed Next Steps ................................................ 47 ............................................ 47 Proposed Feasibility Studies for Projects not Included in CIP 48 Water and Irrigation ..................................................................................................................... Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 48 Background and Current Conditions ........................................................................................... 48 Impact of the Syrian Crisis on the Water and Irrigation Sector ................................................... 48 ............................................................................................ 49 Existing Programme and Strategies Development Vision .................................................................................................................... 52 ................................................................................................... 53 Lebanon Crisis Response Plan Municipalities and Governorates Requirements.......................................................................... 54 ......................................................................................................... 73 Institutional Considerations 74 Wastewater ................................................................................................................................... Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 74 Background and Current Conditions ........................................................................................... 74 Impacts of the Syrian Crisis on the Wastewater Sector .............................................................. 79 ............................................................................................ 79 Existing Programme and Strategies Development Vision .................................................................................................................... 84 ................................................................................................... 84 Lebanon Crisis Response Plan Capital Investment Programme................................................................................................... 84 Municipalities and Governorates Requirements.......................................................................... 87 ....................................................................................................... 100 Institutional Considerations 102 Electricity .................................................................................................................................... Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 102 Background and Current Conditions ......................................................................................... 102 ............................................................................. 103 Impact of Syrian Crisis on the Power Sector ............................................................................................. 104 Existing Programs and Strategies Capital Investment Program ..................................................................................................... 113 119 Telecom ...................................................................................................................................... Background and Current Conditions ......................................................................................... 119 ........................................................................................................... 119 Narrow band services Broad Band services for Business / Commercial users ........................................................ 119 .................................................................................................... 119 DSL network and services L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page ii of v

  3. Capital Investment Programme Impact of the Syrian Crisis ........................................................................................................ 119 Existing Programme and Strategy ............................................................................................ 120 Development Vision .................................................................................................................. 120 Capital Investment Programme................................................................................................. 120 Migration from TDM – PSTN to Converged Network - IMS / LTEA ...................................... 120 .................................................................................................... 121 Phase 2 Security Systems ........................................................................................................ 121 National Cloud Platform Phase 2 – New BSS (Business Support Subsystems) ......................................................... 121 ............................................................................. 121 Out Side Plant Fiber Optic Deployment – Passive Optical Networks ......................................................................................................... 122 External Network and End user Sides ...................................................................................... 122 125 Solid Waste ................................................................................................................................. 127 Infrastructure for Tourism and Industry .................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... 127 Tourism Industry ..................................................................................................................................... 129 130 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page iii of v

  4. Capital Investment Programme LIST OF FIGURES 6 Figure 2-1: Infrastructure and the Economy ........................................................................................... 7 Figure 2-2: GDP by Economic Activity, 2000-2015, Source: World Bank .............................................. 7 Figure 2-3: GDP per capita (2000-2015), Source World Bank 2016 ...................................................... 17 Figure 2-4: Poverty Rates by Region 2011, Source: World Bank, 2016 .............................................. Figure 2-5: Vulnerability Map, Source: Lebanon Crisis Response Plan 2015-2016 (Government of 18 Lebanon and UN) .................................................................................................................................. 24 Figure 2-6: Method of Analysis for Municipalities and Governorates Requirements ............................ 72 Figure 3-1: Surface Water Resources Priority Projects ........................................................................ 88 Figure 4-1: Wastewater Projects Status ............................................................................................... 89 Figure 4-2: Wastewater Priority Projects .............................................................................................. 107 Figure 5-1: Generated Demand Load Analysis................................................................................... 115 Figure 5-2: FSRU Location ................................................................................................................. 122 Figure 6-1: PON: Basic Model ............................................................................................................ L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page iv of v

  5. Capital Investment Programme LIST OF TABLES 9 Table 2-1: United Nations Strategic Development Goals ....................................................................... Table 2-2: Lebanon's Infrastructure Ranking, Global Competitiveness Index, Source: World Economic 10 Forum .................................................................................................................................................... 15 Table 2-3: List of Ongoing and Committed Programs/Projects in the Transport Sector ...................... 20 Table 2-4: Transport Capital Investment Projects – Cycles 1 and 2 .................................................... 22 Table 2-5: Transport Future Capital Investment Projects – Cycle 3 ..................................................... 26 Table 2-6: Number of Roads and Rehabilitation Projects ..................................................................... 27 Table 2-7:Number of New Roads/Links ................................................................................................ 28 Table 2-8: Number of Maritime and Air Ports ....................................................................................... 29 Table 2-9: Number of Public Transport Projects ................................................................................... 30 Table 2-10: Number of Parking Projects ............................................................................................... 31 Table 2-11: Summary and Way Forward .............................................................................................. Table 2-12: List of Possible Projects within an Institutional Context as Identified in the Relevant 34 Literature ............................................................................................................................................... 35 Table 2-13: Characteristics of PPP Modes and Applicability to CIP ..................................................... 50 Table 3- 1: Ministry’s Expenditure on Water Networks .......................................................................... 50 Table 3-2: List of Major on-Going Water Projects ................................................................................. 55 Table 3-3: Water and Irrigation Capital Investment Projects – Cycles 1 and 2 .................................... 66 Table 3-4: Water and Irrigation Future Capital Investment Projects – Cycle 3 ..................................... 71 Table 3-5: Proposed Water Capital Investment Programme by Cycle (MUSD) ................................... 74 Table 4-1: Population in Need of Safe Services ................................................................................... 80 Table 4-2: List of Projects included in the Programming Law 63 of 27/10/2016 .................................. 81 Table 4- 3: Ministry’s Expenditure on Wastewater Networks (2012 – 2016) ......................................... 82 Table 4-4: Listing of Major on-Going / Recently Completed Projects ................................................... 83 Table 4-5: Listing of the Projects with Partially or Fully Secured Funding ............................................ 90 Table 4-6: Wastewater Capital Investment Projects - Cycles 1 and 2 .................................................. 97 Table 4-7: Wastewater Future Capital Investment Projects - Cycle 3 .................................................. 102 Table 5-1: Power Made Available in 2016 and Projected for 2018 .................................................... 106 Table 5-2: Generation Planned Projects by the MEW ........................................................................ 108 Table 5-3: Growth /Generated Power and Shortage Analysis ............................................................ 109 Table 5-4: Substations and Distribution 220kV Cables - Cycle 1 ....................................................... 110 Table-5-5: Substations and Distribution 220kV Cables - Cycle 2 ....................................................... 111 Table 5-6: Substations and Distribution 220kV Cables - Cycle 3 ....................................................... 112 Table 5-7: Municipal Projects included in CIP projects by MEW ........................................................ 113 Table 5-8: Proposed Projects by the Municipalities Versus Mew Projects ......................................... 114 Table 5-9: Planned Non-Conventional Generation Sources............................................................... 115 Table 5-10: Short Term Electrical Projects ......................................................................................... 116 Table 5-11: Electrical Capital Investment Projects – Cycles 1 and 2 ................................................. 118 Table 5-12: Electricity Future Capital Investment Projects – Cycle 3 ................................................. 124 Table 6-1: Telecommunication Capital Investment Projects – Cycle 1 .............................................. 126 Table 7-1: Capital Investment Plan for Solid Waste Managements – Cycle 1 ................................... 128 Table 8-1:Capital Investment Plan for Cultural / Tourism Projects – Cycles 1 and 2 ......................... 129 Table 8-2: Infrastructure for Industrial Zones – Cycle 2 ...................................................................... 130 Table 9-1: Total Investment Cost for Cycles 1 and 2 .......................................................................... 131 Table 9-2: Total Investment Cost for Cycle 3 ...................................................................................... L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page v of v

  6. Capital Investment Programme 1 CONTEXT AND FRAMEWORK Project Rationale Since the start of the Syrian crisis economic growth in Lebanon has slowed down sharply, the number of people living in Lebanon has increased sharply, with an estimated 1.5 million displaced Syrians entering Lebanon during 2011-2017, poverty and unemployment among Lebanese has increased and the majority of Syrian displaced do not have employment opportunities. Despite the major reconstruction of Lebanon’s infrastructure that took place subsequent to the end of the 15-year conflict in 1990, with low levels of public investments after 2000, due in part to fiscal and debt limitations and delays in project implementation, Lebanon’s infrastructure still had significant gaps in various infrastructure sectors when the Syrian crisis evolved. The crisis placed increased pressure on Lebanon’s infrastructure, leading to deterioration of existing infrastructure, in particular in transport, and a widening of the gaps, in particular in the electricity sector. The current state of Lebanon’s infrastructure is a major constraint to providing basic services to the population and achieving higher levels of private sector led economic growth. A recovery of economic growth in the medium term, with increased private sector productivity, and creation of employment opportunities in the short term are critically dependent on a sharp expansion of investments in infrastructure, initially through an acceleration of implementation of existing projects, and subsequently through implementation of the projects contained in the CIP. Project Context and Objectives A plethora of studies acknowledge the important role of infrastructure in both supporting and driving economic growth, and notably in meeting key development targets, such as poverty alleviation and reduction of income inequalities. Strong infrastructure is a key driver of economic growth as it allows countries to expand their productive capacity and competitiveness, rendering them more attractive to businesses. Equally, investments in infrastructure allow for more equitable access to the labour market and increase labour productivity, which in turn stimulates economic growth. Investments in infrastructure, therefore, have a number of indirect and multiplier effects, and can provide a valuable stimulus to economies. Lebanon’s performa nce in terms of infrastructure continues to remain poor. Weaknesses in infrastructure are consistently cited as issues constraining the business and investment environment. Limited improvements in infrastructure are, therefore, constraining Lebanon’s compe titiveness to businesses, and unless addressed, will take their toll on economic performance moving forward. More specifically, the uneven distribution of social and physical infrastructure in Lebanon is a key factor restraining economic opportunities and improvements in quality of life. In this context, a Capital Investment Programme was formulated to (i) meet the needs of an expanded population and economy; (ii) generate meaningful employment opportunities for a large and growing youth population and for displaced persons; and (iii) stimulate long-term and sustainable economic growth. P rojects were selected in compliance with the sectors’ strategies, aiming at bridging the gaps and meeting the sustainable development goals (SDGs), particularly ending poverty, ensuring decent work and economic growth, reducing inequality within and among nations, clean water and sanitation, affordable and clean energy, quality education and healthcare, building resilient infrastructure and promoting sustainable industrialization and innovation. The projects have been assessed against a number of factors including their readiness for implementation, their impact on Lebanese and displaced communities, and their alignment/ compatibility with national and international development targets. The following main physical infrastructure sectors are covered by the CIP: L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 1 of 131

  7. Capital Investment Programme - Transport - Water and Irrigation - Wastewater - Electricity - Telecom - Solid waste - Cultural Heritage - Infrastructure Networks for Industrial Areas Methodology The present Capital Investment Programme (CIP) is intended as a first step towards the aggregation and categorisation of projects across the various sectors to address shortages in infrastructure and service provision. Con cerned ministries and CDR were contacted to confirm their visions, sectors’ strategies and list of on-going and planned projects. Coordinated efforts were then aligned to come up with a reasonable investment plan. It is the culmination of efforts in which: 1. Ongoing, planned and proposed projects within the various governmental ministries, CDR, previous national plans (including the 2004 Schéma d’Aménagement du Territoire Libanais – SDATL) were collected; 2. Meetings with various stakeholders were held to discuss their priorities/ objectives, and to gather up-to-date information on the status of current projects, their pipelines etc.; 3. Projects were structured in 3 implementation cycles (indicatively 2018-2021; 2022-2025; 2026- 2030), with projects allocated across the 3 cycles in line with their “Priority Score”. This was then reduced to 2 cycles of 4 years each. Prioritisation Process: All projects are assessed in terms of their readiness for implementation (status) and impact.  Status : a score from 1 to 3 is allocated depending on the availability of tender documents, environmental impact assessment and feasibility studies - or the period required to finalize them; the higher the score the higher the implementation readiness the project is.  Impact : the score from 1 to 3 is correlated to the degree to which existing investments are capitalized upon, socio-economic impacts and mitigation of the impacts of the Syrian crisis; the higher the score the highest the impact of the project is. The scores of the above are added to calculate for each project the “Priority Score” ranging from 2 to 6. This, in turn, is used to select in which of the 3 defined implementation cycles the project should be initiated. Concurrently with the above exercise, a Technical Comm ittee established by the Prime Minister’s Office, reviewed and collected from the Mohafazats, Municipalities and villages their needs, demands and concerns. These were listed, assessed and categorised based on the following 3 categories: - Projects aligned with the sector strategy and already included or could be integrated into the sector development projects - Projects of socio-economic importance at the local level that could be funded outside of the CIP - Plans that do not fall within the above 2 categories but could be self-funded. The following technical sections present the assessment of the above mentioned infrastructure networks and projects. Each section is organized, in as far as applicable, in the following structure: - Introduction; presenting the sector general importance to the socio-economic context - Background and Current Conditions; L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 2 of 131

  8. Capital Investment Programme - Impact of the Syrian Crisis; - Existing Programme and Strategies, including the on-going development contracts, whether funded or a fund is secured and the project is being initiated; the list does not include the projects whose funding are currently being negotiated; - Development vision of the sector, as established by the concerned ministry or administration; and - The Capital Investment Programme. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 3 of 131

  9. Capital Investment Programme TRANSPORT Introduction and Methodology Objectives This paper presents the Capital investment programme for the transport sector in Lebanon to support the Republic’s development vision for the 2030 horizon . It starts with an overview of the Transport Infrastructure context and its importance in bridging gaps between different Lebanese areas. The role of Transport in stimulating economic performance and growth is also stated; this is associated with eliminating infrastructure constraints for people and businesses, optimizing the movement of people and goods and consequently trade, generating employment, and attracting new investments. The principal objectives of this paper are to:  Summarise the existing situation in the transport sector and, in particular, the specific sub- sector modes road, rail, air and maritime  Examine the current impact of the influx of displaced Syrians on the transport sector  Review the importance of Lebanon’s Transport Infrastructure with respect to its trade balances  Review past proposals for the sector  Identify gaps within the sector physical infrastructure  Derive a set of selection criteria to deliver a programme of priority projects to address the constraints and development issues facing the sector while also taking into consideration the impacts of the Syrian crisis  Provide an analysis of the economic, social, and transport based need for all identified projects within the Capital Investment Programme  Establish the programme/projects list that will feed in the Capital Investment Programme for Stabilization and Development in Lebanon at the Strategic Level  Present the bottom up approach employed by the government and its respective agents in incorporating the demands of Municipalities, Governorates, and Ministries into the Capital Investment Programme  Examine the Institutional needs and context of the Lebanese transport sector in terms of capacities Context Since the preparation of the 2006-2009 Development Programme, some progress has been made in enhancing and improving the sector but this has not been in line with the general development of the country, particularly a growing population and national economy. The growth in the Lebanese economy between 2000 and 2015 was at around 88% in real GDP terms. This additional economic activity and production was coupled with a population increase of nearly 500,000 between 2006 and 2016 in addition to an influx of 1.5 million displaced Syrians since 2011. This growth led to an increase in demand for services, which were not met with sufficient investments in transport infrastructure. This translated into shortfalls in transport service provision among other sectors, noting the vital role that transport infrastructure plays in providing access to services for businesses and individuals. This lack of adequate capital investment in transport Infrastructure has hindered the establishment of a sustainable nationwide economic development policy and dampened efforts to create meaningful employment opportunities for a large and growing youth population. Furthermore, the quality of transport infrastructure is not equally distributed among different Lebanese areas, with border and rural areas suffering the most. The Syrian crisis has worsened and highlighted the condition of the already strained infrastructure within these areas. Hence, upgrades and expansions to these infrastructure network have become quintessential in stimulating economic growth and lifting these vulnerable groups out of poverty. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 4 of 131

  10. Capital Investment Programme This report examines the current context and condition of Lebanon’s transport infrastructure network and identifies gaps in service provision, which need to be addressed, in addition to economic opportunities that can be tapped through capital investment in transport Infrastructure. It then presents the Capital Investment Programme, while assessing the different projects within it against a number of factors, including their readiness for implementation, their impact on vulnerable Lebanese and Syrian communities, and their alignment/compatibility with national and international development targets. Methodology The Method of Analysis employed in this study can be categorized into two main phases in addition to a supplementary examination of the institutional context of the sector. These phases are as follows: A. Phase 1: I. Review of Existing Development Programme, Policies, and Literature on the current status of the Lebanese Transport Sector II. Assessment of the current conditions of the transport sector including the impact of the Syrian Crisis III. Setting development goals and objectives in addition to proposed investment/development cycles. This involves extensive stakeholder consultations IV. Analysis of Ongoing and Proposed Projects in addition to pledged financing schemes within the government portfolio of projects. V. Organizing, Grouping, and Prioritizing Projects based on development goals. Availability of financing, and various other factors VI. Developing a Capital Investment Programme based on this prioritization B. Phase 2: I. Analysing Municipality and Governorates Requirements and Demands for transport project development, maintenance, and rehabilitation II. Integrate these requirements/projects into the existing transport sector development strategies and sort them accordingly while coordinating with the relevant ministries III. Incorporate applicable projects into the Capital Investment Programme under the suitable investment/development cycle IV. Identify projects which will require other sources of funding and/or local funding V. Update Capital Investment Programme and Issue a Lebanon 2030 National Vision and Context Report C. Analysis of the Institutional Context and Considerations required to enable the implementation of the CIP D. Examining possible financing schemes and modes for private sector participation. Background and Current Conditions The Role of Infrastructure Infrastructure is an encompassing term that refers to a multitude of essential services – including water and wastewater, energy, transport, health and education. Together, they constitute one of the most fundamental pillars of any country, and a plethora of studies acknowledge the role of infrastructure in both supporting and driving economic growth, and notably in meeting key development targets, such as poverty alleviation and reduction of income inequalities. As cited by the World Bank: “Investment in high -quality, sustainable infrastructure can provide basic services to households; lead to productive gains for industry; provide market access for agriculture; enable sustainable urban development; open corridors of trade for poor and landlocked countries to the global economy; and help progress towards a more climate- smart world.” Transport Infrastructure, along with the associated sector, exists to provide support to the growth of the overall national economic and social objectives. The aims of transport operations and infrastructure L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 5 of 131

  11. Capital Investment Programme provision are to ensure that the sector is effective, affordable and sustainable. The outputs of the sector must facilitate industry and commercial needs, including internal and external trade, and must also facilitate the ease of movement for inhabitants, for leisure, work, and trade. The relationship between transport infrastructure, economic growth and population growth is strongly intertwined and reciprocal. A growing population and economy lead to increased demand for transport infrastructure. However, strong transport infrastructure is also a key driver of economic growth as it allows countries to expand their productive capacity and competitiveness, rendering them more attractive to businesses. Equally, investments in infrastructure allow for more equitable access to major urban conglomerations and subsequently the labour market and increase labour productivity which in turn stimulates economic growth. Investments in transport infrastructure, therefore, have a number of indirect and multiplier effects, and can provide a valuable stimulus to economies; continued investment in infrastructure to expand and upgrade capacity is critical to enabling and unlocking a virtuous cycle of growth and development. Employment Generation ECONOMIC GROWTH POPULATION Demand for employment & DEVELOPMENT GROWTH Strong and efficient Infrastructure improves quality of life and labour productivity (in turn infrastructure enables supporting economic growth). and underpins growth Population growth Additional growth creates increases demand for demand for infrastructure basic infrastructure INFRASTRUCTURE Figure 2-1: Infrastructure and the Economy Transport Infrastructure and the Lebanese Economy The services provided by transport facilities and infrastructure are not an end in themselves. Rather, they are a means to a series of wider ends, which may be any combination of political, economic, military or social. The Lebanese economy is itself heavily service oriented with over 78% of GDP generated from services in 2015. Commerce, tourism and financial services in particular, are the largest contributors- followed by healthcare and higher education. The manufacturing and agricultural sectors however have declined in importance since 2000- though they have remained relatively stable since 2005. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 6 of 131

  12. Capital Investment Programme 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 70.1% 78.6% 79.9% 80.8% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 22.8% 20.0% 16.6% 16.1% 14.9% 10.0% 7.1% 4.8% 4.0% 4.3% 0.0% 2000 2005 2010 2015 Agriculture Industry Services Figure 2-2: GDP by Economic Activity, 2000-2015, Source: World Bank This makes Lebanon dependent on global flows and renders it sensitive to regional and domestic conflicts, which has been evident in the Macro economic trends since the year 2000, with drops in growth rate during years of conflict, followed by high growth in subsequent years, a result of investment in infrastructure (as part of reconstruction efforts) and the return of investor confidence. 45 12% 10.3% 40 9.3% 9.1% 10% 41.22 40.69 39.97 35 39.62 38.76 8.0% 30 8% Billions 5.9% 25 6% 20 3.9% 3.4% 3.2% 15 4% 2.7% 2.2% 2.0% 1.8% 10 1.6% 1.3% 1.3% 22.68 23.45 24.21 25.64 26.34 29.25 31.92 35.21 38.01 2% 0.9% 5 0 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 GDP (Constant 2010 USD) GDP Growth Figure 2-3: GDP per capita (2000-2015), Source World Bank 2016 Invest ing in Transport Infrastructure means facilitated operations for Lebanon’s service sector to meet the growing demand for services. Better Road, Air, and Maritime Transport Infrastructure will allow the people and goods that flow within the Service sector to move faster, cleaner, and smarter allowing the service sector to reach and exceed pre-crisis levels. Furthermore, investing in transport infrastructure can also benefit the underperforming agricultural and manufacturing sectors as the structural composition of the Lebanese economy can be viewed, to a certain extent, as a response/by-product to the country’s infrastructure. Transport Infrastructure in addition to water and power are required in production, export, and distribution activities. Supply chains can be optimized and Lebanon’s deficiencies in the manufacturing and agricultural sectors can be partially resolved through Capital investment in Transport Infrastructure. A sensitive and tailored Capital investment programme would hence not only strength en Lebanon’s service sector, but also focus on other sectors making the economy less volatile and sensitive to regional threats and risks. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 7 of 131

  13. Capital Investment Programme Capital Investment in Transport Infrastructure Transport solutions generally involve the use of funding, often in significant amounts. Decisions on how best to develop, operate and maintain transport facilities and infrastructure, normally treat such expenditure mainly in terms of investment and the economic return available on alternative options for action. Economic appraisal for Transport Infrastructure projects typically involves a cost-benefit analysis to quantify the return on investment and NPV resulting from the implementation of these projects. As stated earlier, the vast majority of road transport infrastructure projects aim to assist overall economic growth than generate income themselves (of course this is different for railway, air, and maritime transport where the economic benefits are coupled with direct revenue generation from these facilities). For all forms of transport, it is important that any economic appraisal that is to take place is to consider the holistic economic and business benefits from implementing these projects in the cost benefit analysis in addition to the overall impact on economic geography. Hence, the value of the return on investment from Transport Infrastructure Projects must take into consideration the following costs and benefits:  Valuation of travel time savings for business commuters as a result of reduced congestion  Valuation of travel time savings for cargo  New markets and capacity for cargo and growth  Generated Employment and Impacts on Long Term Economic Growth for both construction and operations  Demand forecast increase and new economic activity (road, air, and maritime transport)  Impact on economic geography: Greater opportunities for businesses and people in areas with new developments and links  Impact on economic geography: Greater opportunities and higher quality of service for people and businesses in areas with released capacities on old networks  Changes in future patterns in land use and real estate value  Greater access to public and private services for new portions of the population which in turn stimulates economic growth  Public and Private Sector gains from concession contracts, PFIs, BOTs, and PPPs  Improvement of Infrastructure which will attract more Foreign Direct Investment (FDIs)  Construction costs  Land Expropriation costs  Operating costs  Financing costs (interest rates, payback periods, debt/equity ratios...) The appraisal for the Capital investment programme must understand and portray how much investment would influence national performance both, in terms of overall economic productivity and the geographic allocation of economic activity. Given the current situation in Lebanon, this approach on its own is likely to be unrealistic since it must now be an aim of the transport sector to assist both overall economic growth and also take into account the consequences of external conflicts which increase the burden on government financial resources. The selected approach must also take into considerations the risks and burdens associated with external conflicts. The Capital Investment programme must also include migratory measures and contingencies and must use these new projects to mitigate the effects of the Syrian displaced individual’s crisis and the government’s financial burde ns. This can be achieved through the following strategies:  Focusing a portion of the Capital investment programme on areas with vulnerable Lebanese and Syrian groups and designing projects that would provide both employment and access to services and economic opportunities  Aligning the transport infrastructure Capital investment programme with other sectors as to ensure that all economic benefits and opportunities are captured L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 8 of 131

  14. Capital Investment Programme  Focusing on air, maritime, rail, and trade routes to provide the flow of goods into, out of, and through Syria for humanitarian relief and future reconstruction. These projects will generate revenue through themselves and their associated economic activities (tariffs, concession contracts, etc.)  Encouraging private sector participation in transport infrastructure financing through PPPs, BOTs, and similar concession agreements to ease the financial burden on the government.  Adopting a risk based and sensitive approach in selecting projects and prioritizing them across different funding and implementation cycles Currently, Lebanon’s open economy and dependence on global flows is further confirmed by the importance of FDI to GDP. Lebanon scores one of the highest FDI to GDP percentages in the region accounting for 5% in 2015 as compared to 3% in the UAE, 3.4% in Jordan and 1.3 % in Saudi Arabia. It is without doubt that FDI in addition to grants and loans from international monetary institutions will be crucial in financing the Capital Investment Programme. In 2015, around 44 foreign investment projects and foreign partnerships were announced. The services, trade, and retail sectors received the lion’s share of these investments and greater diversification is needed into infrastructure. Partnerships with foreign and local players in the private sector would also be beneficial as stated earlier in this section. Transport Infrastructure and Sustainable Development Goals The significance of transport infrastructure is further highlighted with relation to the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Investments in physical infrastructure can directly contribute to meeting a number of the Goals. These Goals are identified in the table below. Table 2-1: United Nations Strategic Development Goals Role of Transport Infrastructure in Meeting Goal Goals Direct Indirect 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere  8 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and  productive employment and decent work for all; 9 Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable   industrialization and foster innovation; 10 Reduce inequality within and among countries;  11 Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and  sustainable; Quality & Competitiveness of Transport Infrastructure In its annual Global Competitiveness Index (CGI) 2016-2017 report, the World Economic Forum ranked Lebanon 101th globally out of 138 countries. Infrastructure is one of the key pillars used in this barometer. The CGI indicates that infrastructure has exhibited little improvement relative to other countries over the last 6 years. Weaknesses in physical infrastructure such as transport are consistently cited as issues constraining the business and investment environment. If not addressed adequately, this will take a toll on economic performance moving forward. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 9 of 131

  15. Capital Investment Programme Table 2-2: Lebanon's Infrastructure Ranking, Global Competitiveness Index, Source: World Economic Forum 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 123 121 127 119 122 116 117 Quality of overall infrastructure 132 135 141 142 140 138 131 Transport infrastructure 97 109 113 101 103 102 Quality of roads 101 115 115 123 120 119 124 Quality of port infrastructure 55 62 71 64 73 80 80 Quality of air transport infrastructure 36 43 51 53 65 68 82 Available airline seat km/week, million* 69 70 70 73 72 73 71 Lebanon’s significant road network of 22,000 Km2 is in an overall poor condition and has not been significantly expanded or improved since the 1960s. Bottlenecks and Traffic Jams are a daily occurrence at entrance points of the greater Beirut area as all north- south traffic passes through Beirut’s central streets. There exists no reliable public transportation system, and the underdeveloped roads are unable to accommodate the growing number of vehicles. Further to the negative economic implications of this condition discussed earlier, this state has resulted in an increased accident rate and financial costs to drivers. Import dues on vehicles can exceed 50% of a vehicles value and, generally, spending on transportation represents about 15 % of household expenditures (which is excessively high compared to other countries in the region). Roads Around 6,500 km of the Lebanese highway network is classified and, hence, the responsibility of central government (Ministry of Public Works and Transport). The remaining network is the responsibility of municipalities and local authorities. Past surveys carried out indicate that over 80% of the classified network is in fair (mainly) or poor condition. The 2006-2009 Development Programme stated that the MPWT was only spending $40 million annually on road maintenance, whereas it was estimated that $100 million is needed annually to keep the network in good condition. The same study also estimated that it would cost around $1 billion to bring the classified road network up to an acceptable standard. The consequence of an under-funded sector is a network that is declining with a subsequent negative impact on national economic performance. It is likely that the vehicle fleet consists of more than 1,500,000 vehicles, with growth continuing at around 4% per annum. Evidence indicates that the majority of the fleet is old, poorly maintained and polluting. High import taxes act as a barrier to replenishment of the fleet with new and clean vehicles. The consequences of a growing vehicle fleet and a deteriorating road network are poor performance, observed through increasing levels of congestion in urban areas, and a lack of mobility within the population. Congestion can be ameliorated through increasing the road network infrastructure, although this is hampered by expensive land expropriation. One solution to the congestion on the network and the ageing vehicle fleet would be a shift to the use of public transport. Older studies indicated that 68% of motorised trips, in Beirut and Tripoli, were undertaken using private passenger car. The share of public transport was 32%, split by 16% (service and taxi vehicles), 14% (private sector buses) and 2% (OCFTC buses). The larger PT group (service and taxi vehicles) is largely unregulated, which has contributed to an excess of supply over demand. Private sector buses dominate the supply of government sector buses and tend to be favoured because the privately owned vehicles are relatively new and present a better image to the public. Furthermore, more rural regions with more vulnerable economic groups lack adequate infrastructure, which has been increasingly strained by the influx of displaced Syrians. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 10 of 131

  16. Capital Investment Programme Railways No railways currently operate in the Lebanon. Historically, three lines were operated: i) Naquora-Beirut- Tripoli with an extension towards Homs in Syria ii) Beirut-Damascus and iii) Riyaq-Homs. The existing railway infrastructure is now inoperable and many sections of the right-of-way have been built upon. Rehabilitating this right of way and dedicating it to rail or bus public transport would greatly alleviate the deteriorating conditions and vehicle congestion on the existing road network. Airports The main airport in the Lebanon is the Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport, located approximately 9 km south of the capital city Beirut. It is the hub for Lebanon’s national flag carrier, Middle East Airlines - Air Liban (MEA) and the Lebanese cargo carrier, Trans Mediterranean Airways (TMA). In addition, the airport is the base of operations for a couple of charter carriers such as Med Airways and Wings of Lebanon and offers facilities for general aviation and executive jets. It houses Beirut military air base. More than 45 world major airlines, that serve more than 60 destinations worldwide, operate from the airport. The estimated number of passengers that used the airport in 2017 was approximately 8.2 million, an annual increase of 7.48% since the year 2000. It has one passenger terminal building, with overall area of 150,000 square metres, and this is currently operating over its capacity of 6 million. The total area of the airport is around 7 million square metres. The airfield is comprised of three runways. The airport is proposed to have a capacity of 16 million passengers as per its initial forecast and Master Plan. The airport has a state of the art general aviation terminal building with associated apron and aircraft hangars to accommodate VIP passengers and charter flights. Two smaller airports also exist in Lebanon. The first is Lebanon’s first Air Base in Reyak in the Bekaa valley. The air base contains most of the Lebanese air force’s fleet and almost all retired aircrafts. IT also boasts the Lebanese Air Force training school. The second Airport which is currently also a Military Base (although much less active than Reyak) is the Rene Mouawwad Airport in Koleiat in Akkar, North Lebanon. Established in the early 1960’s, the airport served as a private airport for an Oil Compan y that used small IPC planes to transfer its employees between Lebanon and the Arab Countries. In 1966 it was taken over by the Lebanese Military which transformed it into one of the most modernized military bases in the region at the time. In addition to this Military activity, the airport was used for internal passenger flights in the late 80’s and early 90’s, but has ever since been out of operation with the exception of light military activity. Plans have been put in place for the airport’s expansion a nd rehabilitation into a modern hub for charter, cargo, and internal flights through a proposal for a feasibility study submitted to the Lebanese Parliament and Cabinet of Ministers. Such a project would help ease the load on RHBIA in addition to the traffic jams on roads between Beirut and Tripoli. Its socio economic importance should also be highlighted as it will generate employment and economic opportunities in the economically vulnerable Governate of Akkar. Koleiat’ s strategic location at only 6 km fr om the Syrian border will also mean that its modernization will allow it to play a vital role in the humanitarian relief and reconstruction effort associated with the Syrian Crisis, and position itself as an important hub in the area. Ports Virtually all maritime traffic is handled by the ports of Beirut and Tripoli, with the former port being the major handler of imported/exported goods. Container volumes at the port of Beirut increased at 14.3% pa between 2005 (465 thousand TEU) and 2011 (1.03 MTEU). However, growth has decelerated in more recent years, with growth of 2.4% pa between 1.04 MTEU in 2012 and 1.15 MTEU in 2016. This seems to have been largely caused by a decline in transhipment traffic. About 70% of total domestic cargo weight is handled in containers, and this total has increased at 4.9% pa from 7.2 to 8.7 million tonnes between 2012 and 2016. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 11 of 131

  17. Capital Investment Programme The Port of Beirut’s development has been highly constrained by the presence of very deep water immediately offshore of the port, which has precluded the development of new outer harbours, and the proximity of the city of Beirut on the landside. Several schemes to re-develop older areas of the port and improve the Container Terminal and Passenger Terminal are underway or in advanced planning including the first phase of the container terminal expansion (increasing container terminal capacity by 450,000 TEU and allowing the terminal to process 1.5 million tons per annum). It is believed that construction is underway, which will be followed by a second phase which is a re-development of the passenger terminal at quay 5 and transforming quays 1 and 2 into a public promenade along with the construction of leisure commercial properties. The Port of Tripoli is upgrading its container terminal facilities and a concession to invest in and operate the terminal has been awarded to Gulftainer. Most of the terminal investments have either already been completed or are in the process of being completed soon. The costs of the outstanding investments are USD 98 million and will increase the terminal capacity from currently 20,000 TEU to 270,000 TEU per year. Traffic forecasts indicate that terminal turnover will reach capacity by 2023. Transport and Trade Flows With its strategic location on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, Lebanon’s role in the region has been shaped by trade. The country has a free trade system and a competitive market with a commercial, proactive approach. Its imposed tariffs are negligible and one of the lowest among the MENA countries. Over the past 10 years, Lebanon has implemented major trade liberalization strategies making it one of the more open economies in the region according to the World Bank which ranked it 59 th out of 125 countries in its latest Trade Tariff Restrictiveness Index (TTRI). Yet, the regional instability, combined with the economic weakening of the region, have impacted overall trade to and from Lebanon. The halting of the majority of land trade operations to, from, and through Syria has led to this decrease. Furtherm ore, Lebanon’s maritime and air ports have been strained substantially in terms of capacity, as Syria’s Airports and major ports are no longer operational in their full capacity. Hence several goods and people destined for Syria are now transiting through Lebanon. This has not, however, served to counter balance the trade deficit as Lebanese exports recorded a decline of USD 1.3 billion since the start of the conflict in Syria in 2011, corresponding to a negative CAGR of 7% despite attempts by the Maritime Lebanese Bridge Programme (M LEB) to counter the impact of the decline in trade activities as a result of borders closure with Syria. This programme seeks to support continuity in the flow of Lebanese products to traditional markets and support exporters in re-routing their exports via sea routes. The aforementioned capacity and quality constraints are the main reason that this programme has not yet fulfilled its goals and this should be one of the key issues addressed by the Capital Investment Programme, particularly in relation to air and maritime port projects and their associated road and rail infrastructure. Impact of the Syrian Crisis on the Transport Sector The Syrian crisis, with resulting displacement of population, has undermined the development of the transport sector for several main reasons, as follows:  The additional numbers of people moving in and around the country has contributed to increasing congestion, particularly urban areas. This increasing congestion has had particular impact on the land transport sector, with reduced journey times for private car users, public transport passengers and freight vehicles.  The Lebanon has a high density of population, with constraints to transport network expansion due built-up areas and mountainous terrain dividing the country. The additional displaced population has increased transport flows and this puts pressure on transport infrastructure where there are already capacity constraints. This is particularly the case in the ports sector and in missing links in the highway sector.  Increased traffic flows contribute towards higher maintenance needs, particularly due to wear and tear on the highway network. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 12 of 131

  18. Capital Investment Programme  Deficits in funding have been magnified by this increased use of the network. This is particularly the case for the road network. The road sub-sector is funded by government (national and local) and it is unlikely that the displaced population can finance, through taxation, the additional maintenance works needed.  The continuing conflict in Syria has diverted some traffic (particularly air and marine traffic) via Lebanon. This makes future transport planning more difficult as, when the conflict terminates, some traffic will revert to original routes and some may remain. To summarize, the Syrian crisis has amplified all the existing issues and difficulties faced by the transport sector, namely all transport facilities acting at or over capacity. On another hand, the closure of Syrian borders, ports, and airports has generated new demand for Lebanese air and maritime ports to provide goods to Syria for the humanitarian relief effort and future reconstruction process. It is however crucial that the proposed Capital investment programme addresses the needed investments and expansions for these ports and associated road and rail infrastructure needed to realize this potential. Existing Program and Strategies The current programs being implemented are mainly the result of three key studies:  The « Schéma Directeur d'Aménagement du Territoire Libanais » (SDATL) specifically the Transport Chapter (Land use Master Plan decree approved in 2009)  2006-2009 Development Programme  Comprehensive Sector Policy and Strategy for the Lebanese Land Transport Sector (Draft) Land Use Master Plan 2009 The study, which was conducted in 2002-2003 resulted in a comprehensive multi-sectorial plan for the utilization of land in Lebanon. The Transport sector included general strategies that were meant to guide and foster development programmes. The programs resulting from the Transport sector analysis could be listed as follows: a) Priority Projects  Rehabilitation of the road network and the liberation of the railway right-of-way  Proper management for the transport corridors serving northern and southern entrances of Beirut  Additional capacity integrated with public transport supply  Completion of the Beirut – Damascus Highway  Modernization of Tripoli Port  Improvement of Tripoli Northern entrance corridor  Re-establishment of the rail link from Tripoli to the Northern border  Improvement of the radial links around Nabatiyeh City b) Protection of Investments c) Regulation of Public Transport d) Creation of Organizing Authority for Transport in the central area of Lebanon (Nahr Ibrahim to Nahr El Damour) L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 13 of 131

  19. Capital Investment Programme 2006-2009 Development Programme The main focus was on developing a strategy for the sector with considerable focus on institutional reform, funding issues and priority projects. The key investment projects, for the physical infrastructure, identified were:  Rehabilitation and extension of the strategic Lebanese road network  Construction of missing highway links i.e. Coastal Expressway north of Beirut, Beirut Peripherique, A2 Motorway, the Pan Arab Motorway, Tripoli-Northern Border Motorway  Traffic management measures within Greater Beirut  Bus stations and terminals in all regions  Inland port near Beirut and logistics centres in Tripoli, Zahle and Zahrani  Clearing rail right-of way of encroachments and turning sections into public transport corridors  Rehabilitation of Tripoli-Syrian border rail link  Continued development of Beirut port expansion  Rehabilitation and development of Rafic Hariri Beirut Airport Comprehensive Sector Policy and Strategy for the Lebanese Land Transport Sector This study, with draft version completed in December 2016, focused on establishing ‘a procedure and structure for the sector’s and donor’s coordination’ and was funded by the European Union. As part of the study, a set of physical transport projects were recommended and these are as follows:  Development of the Greater Beirut bus network, including more environmentally friendly vehicles  Development of a Bus Rapid Transit network for the Greater Beirut Area  Rehabilitation and improvement of specific roads  Development of the strategic highway network i.e. widening of A1; Beirut Peripherique; Eastern Ring Road, Tripoli; Northern Pan Arab Highway (Beddaoui – Aabboudiyeh); Eastern Pan Arab Highway  Rehabilitation of Tripoli-Syrian border rail link  Development of logistics centres and dry ports  Enhancement of land-cross border facilities Summary of Proposals The above studies are broadly similar in terms of their proposed investment programme, although the later 2016 strategy has greater emphasis on the development of the public transport network. The fact that little progress was made since the 2006-2009 programme indicates some underlying problems with capital investment in the transport sector, particularly in terms of funding of infrastructure improvements. Nevertheless, funding was obtained for some programs/projects, either from external sources or from the Government. These programs/projects that are categorized as ongoing and committed are listed in the below Table: L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 14 of 131

  20. Capital Investment Programme Table 2-3: List of Ongoing and Committed Programs/Projects in the Transport Sector Contract Value Ref. No. Category/Programme/Project Group (Million USD) TO1 Beirut-Damascus Highway (Mdeirej to Masnaa) 350 TO2 Northern Coastal Highway – (Deir Ammar – Abdeh) 22 TO3 Northern Coastal Highway – (Tripoli Eastern Ring Road) 190 TO4 Northern Coastal Highway – (Tripoli Western Ring Road) 72 TO5 Northern Coastal Highway – (Akkar – Phase 1, Bared to Halba) 50 To5a Akkar Arab Highway – Phase 2 100 TO6 Southern Coastal Highway (with link Sour – Nakoura) 60 TO7 Zahle – Baalbeak Road (link Karak – Ryak) 26 Rehabilitation and improvement of Roads in various Areas (Projects of the TO8 150 CM Decision 99 year 2014) TO9 Jounieh Highway Improvement (A1) 90 TO10 Lebanon Roads and Employment (WB / COM approved) 200 TO11 Rehabilitation and Development of Tripoli Port 98 TO12 Various Road and Infrastructure Funded Projects (IDB, AFESD) 101 Total 1,509 L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 15 of 131

  21. Capital Investment Programme Development Vision A broad comparison between the existing conditions and stated objectives reveals major gaps that need to be filled if those objectives are to be achieved at all. These gaps can be roughly stated as follows:  Several strategic links are missing in the road network. This has resulted in unbalanced traffic patterns, especially on the major corridors along the coast and on the Beirut- Damascus linkage, which is evidenced by the bottleneck effects on traffic in various locations. Due to these missing links, many investments in road works are still short of providing the full service they were meant to offer.  It is a common understanding in transport planning that efficient transport, especially in urban areas, cannot be achieved except through mass transport. The prevailing conditions of public transport in Lebanon and lack of a minimum level of service for any mass transport mode is resulting in severe impacts on traffic, safety, environment and society in general. Provision of adequate public transport is an evident high priority in any planning exercise in Lebanon.  The road network in Lebanon has been subject to many rehabilitation initiatives since the end of the civil war to bring it back to an acceptable condition. These initiatives have had varying levels of success. In any case, the fact remains that many roads are still operating in poor to critical conditions, causing negative impacts on safety and vehicle operating costs. The rehabilitation needs and a proper maintenance strategy for the road network remain essential in preserving the previous investments in road assets. In general, transport improvement projects should reduce journey times and costs and, in the long-term, contribute to the economic development of the country. This latter benefit could be through transport cost savings, improved productivity, removing bottlenecks or providing missing, or a better utilisation of national assets. In addition to direct benefits, transport improvements can generate indirect benefits, namely:  Better transport access can result in an increase in land values.  The opening up of new markets to producers.  Employment generation opportunities, particularly during the implementation phase.  Improved access to rural areas and better access to schools, hospitals, etc. What is desired is an Integrated and efficient transport system able to support a prosperous economy that promotes sustainable growth, enables a healthier life style, provides safe and accessible mobility options, facilitates trades, socially integrates all Lebanese people, preserves the environment, and aids in mitigating the negative impacts of the Syrian Crisis. For this present study, the following overriding issues must also be addressed before a transport project is selected for a priority programme:  Does the transport project satisfy national objectives and is it in line with transport policy?  Does the transport project ameliorate the current socio economic issues prevalent among vulnerable groups while also considering the Syrian displaced crisis? Justification for New Capital Investment Programme The status of the existing transport network in Lebanon, along with the progress of existing programs and strategies, the importance of transport for trade flows, and the impact of the Syrian Crisis provide evident justification for a new Capital investment programme to keep the transport sector competitive, improve the quality of life and work in the country, and allow the Lebanese economy to benefit from a state of the art transport system rather than being strained by it as it is today. The justification revolves around 5 main pillars: 1. Capacity and Impact on economic activity 2. Sustainable development and access to services for vulnerable groups L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 16 of 131

  22. Capital Investment Programme 3. Facilitating Trade and Movement of goods in and out of Lebanon 4. Reintroducing Public Transport to Lebanon 5. Generating Employment Capacity and Impact on Economic Activity As stipulated in section 2.2, the current condition of the road network in Lebanon Is in need of constant maintenance, rehabilitation, and the establishment of new strategic links. The additional strain placed on the road network due to the Influx of displaced Syrians has amplified this need substantially. Major urban conglomerations such as the Greater Beirut Area, which are the economic and cultural hubs of the country, are in dire need of road upgrades as hundreds of thousands of daily commuters travel to and from these cities on a daily basis passing through their main roads. Several substantial bottlenecks exist which inflict losses in time and hence costs for people and businesses. Furthermore, the decreased Level of Service within the road network of these cities has a negative impact on the value of land and property, the environment, and the quality of life for their inhabitants. A Capital investment programme focused on establishing new strategic links at the city entrances with bypasses and road upgrades and maintenance within urban roads will have direct cost-time benefits for individuals and businesses and improve the quality of life for the inhabitants of these cities. Rural areas will also be in need of Capital investments to rehabilitate and maintain their roads, particularly the Akkar and Beqaa Governorates, as they currently host around 60 % of displaced Syrians and have a significant new strain on their road networks noting that the initial condition of these roads was not ideal. Furthermore, establishing new links between and within areas will have an indirect geographical economic impact by attracting new businesses and investments to these areas along the newly established links, which will benefit land value and economic livelihood of the local population. Sustainable Development and Access to services for vulnerable groups Lebanon is subject to economic disparity amongst different areas. Data on poverty in Lebanon remains limited. The most recent comprehensive study dates back to 2011 (before the full impact of the Syrian Crisis on Lebanon). At the time, poverty in Lebanon was widespread across the country, with overall poverty in Lebanon estimated at 27%. The Bekaa region and North Lebanon in particular recorded the highest levels of poverty. With the highest concentrations of Displaced Syrians flooding into these regions, an exacerbation in such levels is expected. It is estimated that, in addition to the 1.2 million already living below the poverty line, in the period 2012-2014 an additional 170,000 Lebanese were pushed below the poverty line. Overall 27% Nabatieh 25% South 31% Bekaa 38% North Lebanon 36% Mount Lebanon 22% Beirut 16% Figure 2-4: Poverty Rates by Region 2011, Source: World Bank, 2016 The majority of displaced Syrians are living in areas already subject to high poverty rates. This situation has deepened the vulnerability of the Lebanese population and heightened tensions between the two communities. The map below, prepared in cooperation with the Prime Minister’s Office, UNICEF and UNHCR, sho ws the distribution of poor Lebanese and registered Displaced Syrians at cadastral locality level. There are L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 17 of 131

  23. Capital Investment Programme 251 such vulnerable localities (out of the total 1,577 in Lebanon). These cover 87% of registered Displaced Syrians and 67% of deprived Lebanese. This gives an indication regarding the areas that require the most attention in terms of poverty alleviation and infrastructure development. Figure 2-5: Vulnerability Map, Source: Lebanon Crisis Response Plan 2015-2016 (Government of Lebanon and UN) Improving the quality of life for these vulnerable groups can only be achieved through sustainable development which will require providing new links and accesses to hospitals, schools, government institutions, and access to the Greater Beirut Area and other major cities which are the countries social and economic hub. This would increase job opportunities for the under privileged and help in promoting sustainable development and equity. Facilitating Trade and Movement of Goods in and out of Lebanon Lebanon’s Air and Maritime ports in addition to its major international highways (The Coastal and Beirut - Damascus Highways) have been functioning at capacity since before the onset of the crisis. Furthermore, the closure of the Syrian Border has led to a greater focus on Maritime trade which has placed an even greater strain on the country’s ports. Finally, the closure of Syria’s air and maritime ports in addition to most of its land borders to international trade, mean that a substantial amount of goods destined for Syria either for the humanitarian relief or the future reconstruction process will inevitably transit through Lebanon. Lebanon is hence in a very strategic position to fill in this market gap and counter balance the trade deficit which was amplified by the Syrian Crisis. This would require upgrades to its major maritime ports such as Beirut and Tripoli, Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport, and constant rehabilitation and maintenance of its major international routes such as the coastal and Beirut-Damascus Highways. Other notable projects that would satisfy this pillar is the Tripoli Northern Border Freight Railway link in addition to the modernization of the Renee Mouawwad/Koleiat Airport for charter, cargo, and domestic passenger flights as it is situated strategically only 6 Km from the Syrian Border. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 18 of 131

  24. Capital Investment Programme Reintroducing Public Transport to Lebanon Strategic Links, Maintenance, and Rehabilitation will not be sufficient to mitigate congestion and bottlenecks alone, and would require large capital investments with large expropriation costs. Reintroducing public transport via the existing coastal railway ROW for a Bus Rapid Transit System within the Greater Beirut Area would provide an alternative form of transportation, which is accessible to a large portion of the population. Such a system would also allow reclaiming a misused and abused national asset, concession financing which would generate revenue for the government, substantial employment during construction and operation, and easing traffic along the coastline. Generation of Employment The Capital Investment Program will induce several economic benefits of which Employment is key. For all these projects the size of construction contracts will be large and several skilled and unskilled workers will be provided with employment for the duration of construction with a smaller portion during operations. In a country where unemployment is currently at 6 % for Lebanese citizens with youth unemployment reaching 20 % (figures for displaced Syrians are substantially higher), this investment programme is crucial in terms of alleviating poverty and providing opportunities for vulnerable groups preventing a shift towards crime and extremism. Strategic Capital Investment Programme Based on the sector development vision and identified gaps, the Transport investments identified for inclusion in the Capital Investment Programme should satisfy one or more of the following criteria:  Complementing missing strategic links in the Lebanese road network  Improvement to the Public Transport supply and encouraging the shift from private car usage  Preserving the road assets through proper rehabilitation and maintenance Each one of the above criteria will, to a greater or lesser extent, reduce the burden on the Lebanese transport network due to lack of proper maintenance, investment, institutional problems, congestion etc.. Especially with the mass influx of displaced Syrians. Data was collected and analysed from various sources including the Ministries programmes, projects, and requirements in addition to previous studies and development programmes to group and identify 18 programmes in addition to 2 sub-programmes which would compose a Capital Investment Programme that focuses on the three pillars identified above covering land, air, and marine transport. Each one of these programmes contains several sub projects distributed against different Lebanese Cazas and Governorates based on the social and economic needs for each respective population identified by the relevant ministries and policies in addition to the strategic needs of the nation as a whole. This Strategic CIP will act as the general framework in which all transport projects with their different development goals, scales, focuses, and geographic outreach can be incorporated into a wider strategic programme with dedicated national funding, commitments, SDGs, agencies, priorities, and implementation cycles. The list of proposed Transport investments is included in the below Table: L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 19 of 131

  25. Capital Investment Programme Table 2-4: Transport Capital Investment Projects – Cycles 1 and 2 Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Days Expropriation Dbaye - Nahr Ibrahim Motorway Design and Construction for TP1 National 247 125 Design partially available 2 3 2.9 5 1 (A2) - Phase 1 Development works Design and Construction for TP2 Beirut Peripherique - Phase 1 National 232 254 Design partially available 2 3 2.7 5 1 Development works TP5 Northern Coastal Highway - Akkar National Pan Arab Highway - Akkar 150 50 Design available 3 3 1.75 6 1 Design and Construction of dedicated Bus Rapid Transit System - routes and Stations in addition to TP10 Greater Beirut Public Transport National 500 Feasibility & ESIA available 3 3 5.8 6 1 dedicated Bus Routes within Greater Project Beirut Design and Construction of Rehabilitation and Development of Rehabilitation and Development Works- TP16 Beirut Rafic Hariri Airport - Phase National 500 Design under preparation 2 3 5.8 5 1 Includes Various works expected for the 1 development goals of BRHIA Design and Construction for Road Rehabilitation of classified Roads Rehabilitation and Expansion in addition TP8/8a Multi-Regional 509 1 Design available 3 3 5.8 6 1 and Municipal Roads to urban facilities projects within the responsibilities of Municipalities Dbaye - Nahr Ibrahim Motorway Design and Construction for TP1 National 330 166 Design partially available 2 2 3.8 4 2 (A2) - Phase 2 Development works Design and Construction for TP2 Beirut Peripherique - Phase 2 National 310 338 Design partially available 2 2 3.7 4 2 Development works Northern Coastal Highway - Beirut TP4 National Antelias- Nahr Beirut Seaside Highway 180 No design 1 3 2.1 4 2 Entrance Design and construction of 35 km Toufiqiyeh- Ras Baalbak- Syrian highway from Toufikia connecting to TP6 National 110 55 Design under preparation 2 3 1.3 5 1 Border Highway Ras Baalbek and leading to the Syrian border Jamhour - Baalchmey & Mdeirej Completion. Beirut-Damascus Highway TP7 National Providing a safer and faster road from 400 100 No design 1 3 4.6 4 2 Completion Beirut through Mount Lebanon and Bekaa Valley to connect to Damascus. Various connections, road New and Upgrading of Road TP9 Multi-Regional rehabilitations and upgrades, parkings, 380 50 Design partially available 2 2 4.4 4 2 Network at multiregional scale and other infrastructure works Design and Construction Works for Railway Tracks. Includes both phases 1 and 2 of the Tripoli-Syrian Border TP11 Tripoli-Syrian Border Railway National Railway in addition to a rehabilitation of 90 0 Design partially available 2 2 1.0 4 2 the seaside Railway track across Lebanon to be used for Public Transport Design and Construction Works for TP12 Touristic Port in Jounieh National 62 Design available 3 1 0.7 4 2 Touristic Port Design and Construction of Rehabilitation and Development of Rehabilitation and Development Works TP16a National 100 No design 1 2 1.1 3 2 Rene Mouawad Airpot in Akkar to meet development goals of Rene Mouawad Airport Providing safe exit roads for cars and passengers from cities and major town. Service road for Coastal Highway TP18 National Service road section 1 from Jounieh to 38 68 Design under preparation 2 3 0.4 5 1 – Phase 1 Jbeil, and section 2 from Khalde to Damour 1 250 MUS$ for the Beirut – North section are under negotiation with the WB. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 20 of 131

  26. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Days Expropriation Providing safe exit roads for cars and passengers from cities and major town. Service road for Coastal Highway TP18 National Service road section 1 from Jounieh to 112 202 No design 1 3 1.3 4 2 – Phase 2 Jbeil, and section 2 from Khalde to Damour Conducting technical and financial Feasibility Studies for Major TP19 National appraisals for projects not included in 25 - Studies 2 3 0 5 1 Projects CIP Total Cycle 1 2,311 552 Total Cycle 2 1,964 856 Total Transport Cycles 1 and 2 5,683 L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 21 of 131

  27. Capital Investment Programme Table 2-5: Transport Future Capital Investment Projects – Cycle 3 Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref. Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Dbaye - Nahr Ibrahim Motorway TP1 National 247 125 No design 1 2 2.9 3 3 (A2) - Phase 3 TP2 Beirut Peripherique - Phase 3 National 232 254 No design 1 2 2.7 3 3 Completion of a missing 7.5km Link on the Souther Coastal Highway through Southern Coastal Highway (Saida Saida TP3 National 450 150 Design partially available 1 2 5.2 3 3 Bypass and Sour Link) South Highway Road- Phase 5 Section 2 - 3 km from Bourj Rahhal-Abbasiya in Sour Design and Construction of Port TP14 Expansion of Saida Port National 60 Design available 1 2 0.7 3 3 Extension Design and Construction Works for TP15 Touristic Port in Sour National 30 No design 1 2 0.3 3 3 Touristic Port Rehabilitation of Tripoli Port-Phase TP20 National 150 No design 1 2 1.7 3 3 2 1,169 529 Total Transport Cycle 3 1,698 L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 22 of 131

  28. Capital Investment Programme CIP Update: Municipalities and Governorates Requirements Methodology The Capital Investment Programme was prepared at the Strategic Level based on the demands, policies, and portfolios of projects set forth by the different involved ministries and based on the development goals of the transport sector in Lebanon. It covers the main ports (air and maritime) of the Republic in addition to the 6,500 Km of classified roads and major public transport schemes and is reflective of the development vision and strategy for the Sector on the National scale. The desired development goals cannot however be achieved without incorporating the development schemes that include the full 22,000 Km network which also includes 15,500 Km of unclassified roads which fall under the jurisdiction of the Municipalities and Governorates of the Republic in addition to the minor public transport/ports schemes that cover their areas of jurisdiction. Sustainable development, employment, inequality reduction, public transport, and any socio-economic activity has to consider grassroots projects and employ a form of decentralization in development to ensure financial viability and sustainability of the investment programme and the adequate capture of requirements from the key beneficiaries (the residents and businesses of the various Lebanese towns and cities). The framework of programmes in the CIP allows the incorporation of future projects and initiatives that serve the same development goals and can benefit from the same funding and mechanisms of certain respective programmes. For this purpose, a bottom up and organic approach was adopted to identify the needs and requirements of all municipalities, Cazas, and Governorates throughout the republic through a series of meetings and consultations between the Ministerial Committee for development, representatives of the respective ministries and agencies, and the representatives of the respective Municipalities, Cazas and Governorates. Municipalities, Ministries, Governorates, and Cazas produced their respective requirements in the forms of project lists and official requests. These requests differed according to project type, status, and jurisdiction and where analysed and sorted based on the following criteria: 1. Source of request/document title 2. Governorate 3. Caza 4. Involved Municipalities 5. Project Scope 6. Project Status 7. Project Category/type 8. Classification (in case of roads projects) 9. Investment and Costs 10. Source and availability of funding 11. Jurisdiction of project 12. Required Services 13. Additional remarks and special circumstances The projects that made up these requests were tabulated based on these criteria. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 23 of 131

  29. Capital Investment Programme Figure 2-6: Method of Analysis for Municipalities and Governorates Requirements Next steps included providing missing information, as possible, that fall under the above identified criteria for each project. This includes cost, scope details, status, involved agencies, and any special circumstances. This allowed adequate evaluation and validation of each project to occur based on a Multi Criteria Analysis. These criteria where used to employ a Multi Criteria analysis through which the following was determined for each project: 1. Potential source/mechanism of funding 2. Inclusion in Capital Investment Programme 3. Implementing Agency/Agency of Jurisdiction 4. Social and Economic Benefit 5. Priority/urgency of implementation After completing the Multi Criteria Analysis, projects were analysed in the context of the development schemes of the Lebanese government and the strategic Capital Investment Programme. Projects where then grouped according to the following three categories: 1. Projects with a scale, scope, benefits, and required investment that would allow them inclusion within the Strategic Capital Investment Programme. Their priority cycles were determined based on where they fell in the programme, their availability and funding status. 2. Projects with socio-economic benefits that could be funded from sources other than the Capital Investment Programme and/or via dedicated municipality budgets originating from the relevant ministries.. It is important to stress on the fact that this exercise was conducted to add to the development strategy for the Transport Sector under the umbrella of the Capital Investment Programme. The municipal and ministerial requests, that were incorporated, validate this strategy and fill in its inherent gaps. Requests that would cause an offshoot from this strategy were not incorporated. The goal of this exercise is to issue a comprehensive document outlining the National Vision and context of the transport sector in Lebanon for the year 2030. This would include projects at the strategic level in addition to the requirements of Governorates and municipalities. This vision would include the updated capital investment programme in addition to lists of projects that would require other sources of funding (identified in Scheme2). L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 24 of 131

  30. Capital Investment Programme Analysis and Results Data was obtained mainly in the form of project lists and minutes of meetings, through the following two sources of information: 1. Meetings with the ministerial committee for development, Governorate, Caza, and Municipal representatives and ministerial representatives. These meetings produced lists of projects and concerns that were coordinated between both the ministries and the elected municipal and governorates representatives. They included both ongoing and proposed projects in the Ministry’s and Municipalities short, medium, and long term development plans in addition to key strategic concerns and traffic issues with their associated proposed mitigation measures. In certain instances they also included public transport initiatives and conceptual proposals and requests for studies/design works. 2. Follow up project lists sent by the Ministry of Public Works. These lists included a number of ongoing and proposed projects of varying scales and with dedicated funding from the Ministry’s budget for maintenance and rehabilitation and these were considered along with the requests stipulated in the meeting. These projects were sorted and organized. Information on the capex, source of funding, and project status for a large number of these projects still needs to be collected and finalized in order to validate the analysis. The following five categories were used to group projects based on their type, goal, and development framework/priority: 1. Road Rehabilitation and Improvement Projects 2. New Links and Roads 3. Ports (both Maritime and Air) 4. Public Transport Projects (Rail, Bus, Pedestrian) 5. Parking Projects Although the same criteria were used in the MCA for all categories, each category had its own areas of focus and considerations while finalizing the project grouping. Road Rehabilitation and Improvement Projects By decree of Lebanese law, all road rehabilitation projects fall under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Works and Transport and should as such be funded via the Ministry’s allocation of funds to the relevant municipalities, cazas, or governorate (depending on the scale of the project). Other projects such as public transport initiatives and new strategic roads and links require special funding via a dedicated ministerial decree. These Road rehabilitation, maintenance, and improvement projects also include the construction of new roads which enhance the functionality of an existing network. The Municipal and governorate requested projects included a substantial number of projects falling under this category, as did the Ministry of Public Works and Transport which presented its list of ongoing and proposed projects part of its improvement programme for various municipalities across the Republic. As the Strategic Capital Investment Programme includes dedicated sums and programmes for roads rehabilitation, maintenance, and improvement as part of its three pillars for development, the vast majority of the rehabilitation projects requested by the ministries and municipalities were incorporated into these programmes and hence considered within the CIP. The Capital Investment Programmes considered are the following: 1. TP8: Rehabilitation and Improvement of Roads in Various Lebanese Areas. Dedicated Funding of $309 Million 2. TP8a: Rehabilitation and Improvement of Municipal Roads. Dedicated Funding of $200 Million The types of works associated with these projects include the following: L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 25 of 131

  31. Capital Investment Programme  Pavement and grading works  Expansion (widening)  Safety Improvements  Introduction/Removal of separators and/or roundabouts  Introduction of new roads, links, and/or connections that enhance the operation of the existing particular network  Construction of retaining walls  Barriers  Signing and Marking  Traffic Signals and general traffic management  Vehicle Inspection Facilities  Bridge/overpass maintenance and construction  Associated legislative, acquisition and administrative works These Programmes were established to provide funding for all rehabilitation activities for classified (TP8) and unclassified municipal (TP8a) roads based on strategic needs, condition of roads, and the programmes of the ministries and relevant municipalities. Further studies are underway to determine the classification status of the roads within the various projects that would enable categorizing each project under either TP8 or TP8a. Furthermore, it is recommended that for each requested project more accurate information should be provided and determined for capex, required services and project status, in addition to road conditions. The current results are given in Table 2-5 showing the total requested projects by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport and other sources. The current available funding within TP8 and TP8a should be validated against the capex and other costs associated with these projects as well. Table 2-6: Number of Roads and Rehabilitation Projects Lebanon Totals* Project Category Classification Total MPWT Total Other Sum Total Rehabilitation 1,609 455 2,064 Capital Investment Programme 1,609 454 2,063 TP8- Rehabilitation and Improvement 1,609 443 2,052 of Roads in Various Lebanese areas TP9- Upgrading of Road Network in 0 11 11 Greater Beirut Area Short and Medium Term Projects 0 1 1 (Other Funding) *The values presented in the table are the number of requested projects. With the data currently available, all but 12 rehabilitation projects were incorporated into the Capital Investment Programme’s TP8 Sub -Programme. This included 1,609 mostly small sized projects in terms of capital which were provided from the Ministry of Public Works and Transport’s programme in addition to 443 projects of small and medium sizes from a capital perspective which were provided from the consultations and coordinated lists of the Ministries and Municipalities. 11 out of the remaining 12 were incorporated into TP9- Upgrading of Road Network in GBA, which is a master programme with all the major linkages and rehabilitation works within the GBA. One project was considered to be out of the scope of the CIP and was assigned to the Short and Medium Term projects category. That project was the establishment of a vehicle inspection centre in the Koura Caza that would help promote short and medium term socio economic goals and road safety within the Caza. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 26 of 131

  32. Capital Investment Programme New Links/Roads This Category includes the construction of new links and roads, which present their own added strategic value rather than merely complementing and/or enhancing the operation of the existing classified network. They can fall into existing programmes with the CIP or require the formulation of their own CIP sub-programme. They include the following project types:  Missing Strategic links within the existing classified network. This includes mainly the coastal highways and the Beirut Damascus highway in addition to several entrances to major cities.  Additional major links between areas that offer their own socio economic benefits and work towards the larger strategic development goals of those areas (such as the TP1- Dbaye Nahr Ibrahim A2 Motorway)  Additional major links that provide new routes and trade flows into Syria that can benefit the humanitarian relief and/or future reconstruction effort  Major Links that fall under the umbrella of the rehabilitation programme.  Major Links that should be included in the CIP but would require their own sub-programme as they do not fit under any of the current categories, Such projects usually require dedicated ministerial decrees in order to request and gather funding. Projects that fell within the context of existing major schemes within the CIP were grouped along with the corresponding TPs. Other projects, which didn’t fit a particular category but belonged within the development context of the CIP were highlighted as well. Other links with short and medium term social and economic benefits were also selected and grouped together. These projects will require alternative sources of funding, with a selection of them, which need to be subjected to further financial, technical, and economic appraisal before consideration. The current results are given in Table 2-7. Table 2-7: Number of New Roads/Links Lebanon Totals* Project Category Classification Total MPWT Total Other Sum Total New Road/Link 1 87 88 Capital Investment Programme 1 56 57 TP1- Dbayeh Nahr Ibrahim (A2) Motorway 0 1 1 TP5- Northern Coastal Highway 0 1 1 TP7- Beirut Damascus Highway Completion 0 3 3 TP8- Rehabilitation and Improvement of Roads in 1 31 32 Various Lebanese areas TP9- Upgrading of Road Network in Greater Beirut 0 17 17 Area TBD** 0 3 3 Short and Medium Term Projects (Other Funding) 0 31 31 *The values presented in the table are the number of requested projects. **These projects are already ongoing and were not considered in the Capital Investment Programme. Of the 88 identified projects, 57 were incorporated into the Capital Investment Programme. These projects included the following: L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 27 of 131

  33. Capital Investment Programme  All works related to the Dbayeh-Nahr Ibrahim A2 Motorway, as the larger programme is already a quintessential part of the CIP  All works related to the northern portion of the Coastal Highway, as the larger programme is already a quintessential part of the CIP  All works related to the Beirut-Damascus Highway, as the larger programme is already a quintessential part of the CIP  All improvement/rehabilitation projects with substantial capital value and strategic impact. These include construction of new links that serve the purpose of network improvement and fall within the categories of TP8 and TP10 31 projects were assigned short and medium term projects. A number of these projects do have strategic value, but require further economic, financial, and technical appraisal before being rendered feasible and incorporated into the CIP. These included the following key projects:  The Hammana Tunnel  The Ainata-Arz Tunnel to link the northern coast with the governorate of Baalbeck-Hermel Maritime and Airports The existing CIP covers the nation’s Main airport in addition to a smaller airport in the Akkar region as well as most of the major commercial and touristic maritime ports along the coast. Municipality and ministry ’s requests which fell under any of the existing major CIP schemes were incorporated into those schemes whereas smaller port projects such as various fisherman’s ports construction and development activities were categorized as projects with small and medium term social and economic benefits and will require funding from alternative sources. The current results are given in Table 2-8. Table 2-8: Number of Maritime and Air Ports Lebanon Totals* Project Category Classification Total MPWT Total Other Sum Total Port 3 10 13 Capital Investment Programme 1 2 3 TP14- Expansion of Saida Port 0 1 1 TP12-Touristic Port in Jounieh 1 0 1 TP16a-Rehabilitation and Development of Kleyat René 0 1 1 Mouawad Airport Short and Medium Term Projects (Other Funding) 2 8 10 *The values presented in the table are the number of requested projects. Three projects were included in the Capital Investment Programme. These include the Development of Kleyat Renee Mouawad Airport, the expansion of Saida Port, and the development of a Touristic Port in Jounieh, all of which are strategic projects with existing CIP Sub-Programmes. A total of 10 projects were categorized as Short and Medium Term projects and excluded from the CIP. These included fisherman’s ports projects which, despite having added value in terms of locality socio -economic benefits, lack the strategic direction to render them as suitable CIP projects. Public Transport Projects This category includes any public transport initiative within any ministry portfolio or municipality request. It includes the following: L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 28 of 131

  34. Capital Investment Programme 1. All projects that are part of or add value to the Greater Beirut Public Transport Project/Bus Rapid Transit System. This includes stations, clearing the ROW, rail works, and violations resolutions. 2. All projects for bus stations, bus stops, or bus lanes 3. The Beirut Mono Rail project 4. Any legislation or administrative reform that promotes and enhances the current state of public transport within the country Projects that fell under the scheme of the GBA BRT project were added to it whereas other projects suitable for the CIP but not falling within this category were highlighted for consideration. As for the other initiatives they were categorized as projects with short and medium term benefits that require other sources of funding. The current results are given in Table 2-9 Table 2-9: Number of Public Transport Projects Lebanon Totals* Project Category Classification Total MPWT Total Other Sum Total Public Transport: Rail/Bus/Pedestrian 0 19 19 Capital Investment Programme 0 11 11 TBD 0 3 3 TP10-Greater Beirut Public Transport 0 7 7 Project TP11- Tripoli - Syrian Border Railway 0 1 1 Short and Medium Term Projects 0 8 8 (Other Funding) *The values presented in the table are the number of requested projects. 9 out of the 17 Public Transport Projects requests were incorporated into the CIP with the majority of them (6) being added to the GBA Public Transport Project (BRT) as they were supplementary projects that serve the larger strategy of the BRT or in certain instances sub projects that were mentioned by the municipalities. They include bus stations, bus stops and ROW works. 1 Project was added to the Tripoli-Syrian Border Railway project and it consisted of enabling and clearing works and in certain instances overlaps with the major TP11 programme. Further investigations regarding the structure of the programme and its capex are needed. 3 projects involving public transport outside the context of the GBA were included but still require assignment to a particular sub-programme or possibly the creation of a dedicated one. Parking Projects This category includes over ground and underground parking structure projects across the country. Current CIP schemed for Beirut and Tripoli include parking projects and requests within these two cities were added to the CIP accordingly as these are the nation’s two biggest cities and urban conglomerations with substantial traffic and considerable parking issues and scarcity. As for other parking projects, they were categorized as projects with short and medium term benefits that require other sources of funding. The current results are given in Table 2-10. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 29 of 131

  35. Capital Investment Programme Table 2-10: Number of Parking Projects Lebanon Totals* Project Category Classification Total MPWT Total Other Sum Total Parking 0 13 13 Capital Investment Programme 0 7 7 TP9- Upgrading of Road Network in 0 7 7 Greater Beirut Area Short and Medium Term Projects 0 6 6 (Other Funding) *The values presented in the table are the number of requested projects. Parking Projects that fall within the schemes of the upgrading the network in the GBA were categorized under TP9 as this parkings within the capital are scarce and their introduction is crucial to energizing economic and social viability. Other parking projects in other areas were considered to have smaller value and categorized under Short and Medium Term Projects. Summary and Way Forward For all the identified projects within all the programmes included both CIP and non CIP projects, various items still need determination and validation within the way forward. This includes the following: 1. Finalizing the classification of all roads into International, Primary, Secondary, Local and Municipal in order to categorize rehabilitation programmes under TP8 and TP8a 2. Evaluating the Condition of roads categorized under TP8/8a in order to validate their inclusion 3. For all projects that were added to CIP sub-programmes, costing, scoping, and phasing exercises should be conducted in order to avoid any overlaps with previous works and set the development and implementation programme for the future 4. For new CIP projects with no existing sub-programme, the possibility of creating new sub programmes should be examined 5. For Short and Medium Term Projects, further financial, economic and technical appraisals should be conducted 6. For all projects CAPEX and OPEX should be finalized and validated 7. For all projects the status of design and construction should be finalized and validated 8. For all projects the adequate source of funding should be determined (whether within the CIP or outside of it) This is given in more detail for each Category, Scheme, and TP in Table 2-11. The exact scope of the aforementioned tasks will be determine in subsequent meetings and consultations and based on the information that can be made available. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 30 of 131

  36. Capital Investment Programme Table 2-11: Summary and Way Forward Number of Requested Projects Category Way Forward Percentage of projects within CIP or other category  CAPEX/OPEX validation Rehabilitation 2,064  Status of Project Validation  Source of Funding Validation  Conducting Classification Exercise to subdivide projects Capital Investment 99.9% Programme between TP8 and TP8a  Evaluating Roads Condition to validate inclusion of all projects in CIP  Conduct Cost Estimation exercise to further validate priority  Conduct further financial, economic, and technical appraisals Short and Medium 0.1%  Conduct Cost Estimates Term Projects (Other Funding)  Determine Source of Funding  CAPEX/OPEX validation New Road/Link 88  Status of Project Validation  Source of Funding Validation  Integrate into appropriate Programmes Capital Investment 64.7% Programme  Identify sub-projects and/or applicable phasing  Conduct Classification Exercise  Conduct Cost Estimates  Examine possibility of assigning new sub programme number  Examine possibility of creating dedicated sub programme  Conduct further financial, economic, and technical appraisals Short and Medium 35.2%  Conduct Cost Estimates Term Projects (Other Funding)  Determine Source of Funding  CAPEX/OPEX validation Parking 13  Status of Project Validation  Source of Funding Validation  Conduct Cost Estimation to further validate priority Capital Investment 54% Programme  Conduct further financial, economic, and technical appraisals Short and Medium 46%  Conduct Cost Estimates Term Projects (Other Funding)  Determine Source of Funding  CAPEX/OPEX validation Port 13  Status of Project Validation  Source of Funding Validation  Integrate into appropriate Programmes Capital Investment 23%  Identify sub-projects and/or applicable phasing Programme  Conduct further financial, economic, and technical appraisals Short and Medium 77%  Conduct Cost Estimates Term Projects (Other Funding)  Determine Source of Funding  CAPEX/OPEX validation Public Transport: 19  Status of Project Validation Rail/Bus/Pedestri  Source of Funding Validation an  Conduct Cost Estimation exercise to further validate priority Capital Investment 58%  Examine possibility of creating dedicated sub programme Programme  Integrate into appropriate Programmes  Identify sub-projects and/or applicable phasing  Conduct further financial, economic, and technical appraisals Short and Medium 42%  Conduct Cost Estimates Term Projects (Other Funding)  Determine Source of Funding Total Proposed 2,197 Projects L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 31 of 131

  37. Capital Investment Programme Number of Requested Projects Category Way Forward Percentage of projects within CIP or other category Capital Investment 97 % It is important to note that this percentage is not indicative of the Programme size of the projects or the Capital Investment, merely the project count. In the case of CIP projects, Rehabilitation projects are the most numerous as they consist of several small sized projects from the Ministry lists with capital investments not exceeding $50,000. Short and Medium 3% Term Projects (Other Funding) Institutional Considerations To successfully implement the proposed Capital investment programme, the capacities and institutional, legal, and financial framework and personnel required to manage and deliver said programme must be ensured. This can be accomplished through focusing on several areas and disciplines which would allow the creation of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal frameworks and capacities that would enable the Lebanese Transport Sector to effectively deliver the programme. Some key areas that could be considered, include the following:  Land transport law and regulations  Training Personnel  Institutions and Systems for Roads Operation and Maintenance  Institutions and Systems for Data and Research  Institutions and Systems for Road Safety  Development and Enhancement of the Trucking Industry  Communications and Public Awareness  Institutions and Systems for Public and Multi Modal Transport  Standards and Guidelines  Innovation and Technology Integration  Trade legislation  Tariffs, Taxation and Revenue Structures  Frameworks for alternative and sustainable funding (PPPs, Donors Coordination, etc…)  Key Indicators to Measure Performance Previous studies have been conducted and it has been identified that in order to establish an integrated and efficient nationwide transport system supporting a prosperous economy that promotes sustainable growth, enables a healthier life style, provides safe and accessible mobility options, socially integrate all Lebanese people, and preserves the environment, certain institutional capacities need to be in place. In order to achieve these goals the following is needed within the key areas identified above: 1. Functionally integrated legislation 2. Regulations 3. Policies 4. Enforcement Mechanisms 5. Financial structures and frameworks 6. Human resources 7. Technology A thorough review of the literature in this field has identified various sources in which this aspect has been addressed. A Draft Strategy report titled:” Technical Assistance of the Support Programme for L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 32 of 131

  38. Capital Investment Programme Infra structure Sector Strategies and Alternative Financing” prepared by a Hulla & Co./Human Dynamic Consortium as part of the European Union Aid effort has identified the following programmes which are presented in Table 2-12 to promote further capacity assessment and investigation before a thorough institutional capacity building programme is brought forth. Possible Schemes for Financing and Private Sector Participation The purpose of this section is to present the various options and schemes for financing and private sector participation available within the transport sector for both capex and opex intensive projects, in addition to shedding light on the key considerations that need to be examined within the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal contexts in the Republic of Lebanon. Capital intensive projects such as roads, railways, airports, ports, and large transport systems involve substantial investments that can put a strain on public finance. Due to Lebanon’s existing budget deficits, social troubles due to the Syrian crisis, trade deficits, and large public debt, and rapid urbanization and growth, public finances are scarce and are needed for future infrastructure (both physical and social) maintenance and expansion. Furthermore, Lebanon’s economic environment is well accustomed to foreign direct investment, privatization, and a GDP, which is generally heavily dependent on the private sector. PPP Modes The Capital Investment Programme for Transport requires a minimum of 8.65 Billion USD in investment throughout the three identified cycles. This number might grow with the addition of the municipality and ministerial requested projects explained in section 8 and the possible institutional reforms needed which were explained in section 9. Transport Projects offer several forms of PPPs/Private financing and procurement models which could be implemented. These include the following: 1. Management Contracts 2. Management Contracts with Rehabilitation/Expansion (Minimum Capex) 3. Lease Contracts: Management and Maintenance only 4. Build-Lease-Transfer/Build-Own-Transfer: Capex involved 5. Build Lease Transfer: Capex and Operations 6. Area Concessions: Design, Finance, Construct, Manage, Maintain 7. Design-Build-Operate: Design, Construct, Manage, Maintain 8. Build-operate-transfer (BOT)/Design-Build-Finance-Operate-Transfer (DBFOT) 9. Build-operate-transfer Annuity These Public-private partnerships can increase the access to transport services for the citizens and the economy at a reduced strain to public finances. Availability of transport services will be increased and efficiency will rise as well. For the different modes of private sector evaluation, this section will examine the following:  Private sector expertise, experience, and efficiency offered  Asset Ownership and during contract  PPP typical duration  Capital Investment Focus and Responsibility  Private Partner Revenue, Risk, and Compensation Terms  Features and relevance  CIP projects that fit the particular mode This Analysis is given in Table 2-12. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 33 of 131

  39. Capital Investment Programme Table 2-12: List of Possible Projects within an Institutional Context as Identified in the Relevant Literature Project Target Impact Improve system Awareness Campaign performance and facilitate for sustainable To motivate users to use the public transport system cohabitation between mobility different transport modes  Establishment of Land Transport Authority in order to improve control and management of  Improve urban transportation sector mobility  Restructuring of Public Transport Authorities  Ensure transport  Development and enhancement of rules and accessibility to Improvement of regulations of Land and multi modal transport disadvantaged areas Transport Legislation activities and reduction of and Regulations  negative impacts Promote Balanced development and better integration of different modes of transport  Organizing the  functionality of the Applying specific laws and regulations on public areas to organize and clarify the use of each transport sector zone  Increase Road Safety Conditions  Improve quality of Reactivation of the  To Improve the general performance of the road roads Toads Maintenance network through an optimization of maintenance  Improve the efficiency Management System and rehabilitation activities of the maintenance and rehabilitation programmes  Sourcing the needed  Creation of the legal and administrative Creation of funding for framework for such mechanisms Sustainable Funding implementing the  Establishment of a donors coordination group Mechanisms and programme without  Promotion of Public Private Partnership Legislation straining the frameworks government financially  Development and Improvement of Lebanese fleet characteristics Enhancement of the and market share  Enhancement of Fleet Trucking Industry  Market regulation  Develop proposals for a national road safety strategy National Observatory   Develop expertise and build up scientific and Safe mobility and for Mobility and Road professional knowledge in security transport Safety  Provide easy access to independent road safety research and information Public Transport   Establish a national public transport authority for Institutionalizing Regulations and future public transport schemes Public Transport Authority  Education, rehabilitation and training  Continuous trainings to improve the skills of  Institution for Transport Training maintenance, organization, control and expertise, education, Institute management rehabilitation, and  training Ensure the quality of research infrastructures and validity of scientific output  Create a system to receive, collect, and store all  Provision of key data information, and studies National and indicators to support  International Scientific Analysis and Methodical processing transportation Transport Data  Assist transportation planners and decision planners and decision Centre makers makers  Provide easily reliable and accessible information L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 34 of 131

  40. Capital Investment Programme Table 2-13: Characteristics of PPP Modes and Applicability to CIP Asset Private Partner Capital Investment Ownership PPP Revenue Risk and Private Applicable CIP Modes/Features Features and Relevance Focus and Duration Partners Roles Projects During Compensation Responsibility Contract Terms This involves contracting to the private sector most or all of the operations and maintenance of a public facility or service. Low Although the ultimate TP8/8a- Management of (Pre-determined fee, obligation of service Rehabilitation and Management Short-medium Not the focus all aspects of Public possibly with provision remains with the Improvement of Contract (3-5 years) Public operation and performance public authority, the day- Roads in various maintenance incentives) to-day management Lebanese areas. control is vested with the private sector. Usually the private sector is not required to make capital investments TP8/8a- Rehabilitation and This is similar to Limited Focus Improvement of Management Minimum management contracts Brownfield Medium Roads in various Contract (with Medium – Capex, but include limited Public (Rehabilitation / (Tariff / Revenue Lebanese areas. rehabilitation/ long Management, investments for expansion) share) Particularly New expansion ) Maintenance rehabilitation or expansion Private Roads and Links of the facility. within the Rehab. Programme Medium High Management Not the focus e.g. Leasing of retail All Airport and Lease Public (e.g., 10- Revenue from and Public outlets at railway stations Railway Projects. 15yrs) Operations maintenance Involves building a facility, Build Lease leasing it to the Govt. and All Airport and Private Transfer (BLT) or Medium Low-medium transferring the facility Railway Projects. (Leased to Greenfield Build-Own- (e.g. 10- Pre-set lease from the Capex after recovery of the Private Lease-Transfer 15yrs) government. investment. Vehicle Inspection government) (BOLT) Primarily taken up for Service-Mecanique railway projects Medium High Involves building an asset, All Airport and Build-Transfer- Greenfield Capex Public (e.g., 10- Revenue from User transferring it to the Govt, Railway Projects. Lease (BTL) Private and Operations 15yrs) Charges and leasing it back. Here L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 35 of 131

  41. Capital Investment Programme Asset Private Partner Capital Investment Ownership PPP Revenue Risk and Private Applicable CIP Modes/Features Features and Relevance Focus and Duration Partners Roles Projects During Compensation Responsibility Contract Terms the private sector delivers Vehicle Inspection the service and collects Service-Mecanique user charges. Major Highways and Expressways Herein the private sector (concessionaire) is responsible for the full delivery of services in a specified area, including operation, maintenance, collection, management, and construction and Major Highways and rehabilitation of the Expressways Design, finance, Long Brownfield/ system. Area High construct, Public (e.g. 20-30 Expansions Importantly, the operator All Airport, and Concessions Tariff revenue manage, yrs) Private is now responsible for all Railway Projects maintain capital investment while the assets are publicly Ports owned even during the concession period. The public sector’s role shifts from being the service provider to regulating the price and quality of service. Design, Suitable for Short and Typically financing Design-build- Short-medium Greenfield Medium-High construct, Medium Term Public obligation is not retained operate (DBO) (e.g. 3-5 yrs) Public Tariff revenue manage, Projects not including by the public sector. maintain rehabilitation projects All Airport and Railway Projects. Build-operate- transfer (BOT)/ Design, finance, Long Vehicle Inspection Design-Build- Greenfield High construct, Public (e.g. 20-30 BOT Concession Service-Mecanique Finance- Private Tariff revenue manage, yrs) Operate-Transfer maintain Major Highways and (DBFOT) Expressways L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 36 of 131

  42. Capital Investment Programme Asset Private Partner Capital Investment Ownership PPP Revenue Risk and Private Applicable CIP Modes/Features Features and Relevance Focus and Duration Partners Roles Projects During Compensation Responsibility Contract Terms Ports This has been adopted for highway projects in the Design, finance, Build-operate- Long Low past. More recently, it is Major Highways and Greenfield construct, transfer (BOT) Public (e.g. 20-30 Annuity revenue / the preferred approach for Expressways Private manage, Annuity yrs) unitary charge socially relevant projects maintain where revenue potential is limited. Design, Build-own- All Airport and Long construct, own, operate-transfer Greenfield High Greenfield minor port Railway Projects Private (e.g. 20-30 manage, (BOOT) or Private Tariff revenue concessions. yrs) maintain, DBOOT Ports transfer All Airport and Railway Projects. Under this structure the Design, finance, asset ownership is with Vehicle Inspection Build-own- Greenfield High construct, own, the private sector and the Private Perpetual Service-Mecanique operate (BOO) Private Tariff revenue manage, service / facility provision Major Highways and maintain responsibility is also with Expressways the private sector. Ports L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 37 of 131

  43. Capital Investment Programme Of each project type, a rigorous analysis needs to be performed to determine its suitability for PPPs under a particular mode, but Table 2-13 puts these projects in the context of PPP suitability and sets the framework for further analysis that will be required in subsequent phases. Characteristics, Risks and Considerations The PPP mode for roads sector projects is affected by the following major characteristics of the sector:  Ownership of land for roads is usually public in most nations. Private ownership legal schemes should be established  The private sector roles can cover a broad spectrum from design and finance through construction, operation, revenue collection and management of the facility.  Roads projects that do not involve major capital investment (ie, are O&M only) are typically carried out as performance-based maintenance contracts  Capital projects are of two types: new build (Greenfield) or expansion or addition to existing roads (Brownfield)  Capital projects are typically carried out as BOTs  BOT contracts have a long duration to match the lifetime of the assets created  An important defining feature of a roads BOT is the revenue type. This can be: o user charges collected by the contractor (toll), o an annuity paid by the public partner, or o an indirect user charge that is paid by the public sector rather than being collected from users (shadow toll). Several aspects of the Public Sector Environment in Lebanon should be assessed in order to identify what reforms and legislations are necessary to enable effective PPP establishment and implementation in the Transport Sector. These areas include the following: 1. Legal Limitations: Identification of any laws or other legal restrictions in Lebanon that limit PPPs. 2. Policy Support: Identification and/or establishment of a policy for private participation in the transport sector in Lebanon. 3. Political Support: High level political champions 4. Community support 5. Public Sector Capacity and Experience: Identification of PP focal points with advisory powers, sponsoring agencies with PPP procurement capabilities, sponsoring agencies with management and regulatory capabilities, sponsoring agencies with previous experiences in PPPs 6. Enabling infrastructure for shared PPPs between multiple jurisdictions 7. Availability of Public Sector Funding Assistance for PPPs: This includes viability gap funding, grant schemes, and multi-lateral agencies funding guarantees. 8. Private Sector Capability, Appetite, and Previous Experiences 9. Land Availability and Acquisition 10. Environmental Impacts 11. Social Impacts 12. Impacts on Labour and employment 13. Main Revenue Sources and Charges: Shadow tolls, traffic risk, determination of charges/tolls etc.. 14. Project size, value, bundling of construction and operation, and output specification 15. Time Constraints Category IV Projects- Background Requests were recieved from the various stakeholders to include new roads and railway at the national scale. These requests were categorized as follows before implementation: L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 46 of 131

  44. Capital Investment Programme  Revisions to timeframes of implementation, scope of work, and/or cost estimates of certain projects within the CIP to reflect developmental needs and priorities in different governorates. This included shifting capital investments from one cycle to another as appropriate  Proposal of new projects that had not been considered in the CIP. These projects require feasibility studies before implementation and such studies will be planned accordingly  Proposal of new projects with short and medium term strategic and socio economic value that are outside the scope of the CIP (mainly for technical and cost issues). These projects will also be subject to technical and financial appraisals. The cost of these studies is included in the CIP, whereby implementation, if found feasible, may be considered in futre CIP updates. General Comments on the CIP and Proposed Next Steps The general shared comments form the consultations on the Transport Programme/Projects are summairzed below:  Comparison should be made with ongoing and completed projects since 1992  Focus of next steps should be to ensure political buy in on all projects  Prioritization should be revisited in certain instances due to developmental needs within each governorate within the context of balanced and sustainable nationwide develpments  Public Sector participation in the funding should be evaluated against budgetary balances and constraints  Timeframe should be set for institutional considerations and reform (Refernce to section 2.10)  Next steps should include a deeper examination of sources and mechanisms of funding for the programme  Operations and Maintenance costs for projects need to be calculated  Next Steps should include further examination of private sector participation Proposed Feasibility Studies for Projects not Included in CIP Various projects were brought forward by the stakeholders which have a socio-economic developmental potential but need to be scrutinized further via technical and economic feasibility studies and design development before they can be incorporated into the CIP or allocated other suitable sources of funding. Several of these projects were discussed in the previous CIP update upon the discussions with the ministries and municipalities. They are listed below:  Design and Construciton of an Elevated Road at Beirut’s southern entrance  National Railway Network (Excluding the Tripoli-Syrian Border link which is already in the CIP)  Associated road networks for Elissar developments  Associated road networks for Lenor developments  Nakoura Port  Zahrani Port  The Hammana Tunnel  The Ainata-Arz Tunnel to link the northern coast with the governorate of Baalbeck-Hermel  Phase 2 of Tripoli Port Expansion  Temporary truck road between Beirut and Bekaa  Road between Tripoli and the Donnieh Caza  Touristic Port in Sour  Various Rehabilitation and Improvement works across all 8 governorates. This consists of several projects that need to be evaluated against existing CIP rehabilitation and improvement projects before incorporating into the CIP or other sources of funding. Various other requests by the stakeholders were studied against the CIP and found to be included within the scope of its projects. This included several segments along the pan arab and coastal highways. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 47 of 131

  45. Capital Investment Programme WATER AND IRRIGATION Introduction In the 1970s, nearly 100% of the Lebanese population had access to public water services. This has changed drastically since the civil unrest period. The mobilized water resources and capacities of the networks were no more adequate to meet the demands. The Government of Lebanon launched since the 1990s a long-overdue rehabilitation and upgrading of the existing water infrastructure networks; reservoirs and pump stations have been rehabilitated, additional storage reservoirs have been constructed, transmission lines have been either replaced or rehabilitated, and networks have been extended or replaced in areas that were experiencing substantial losses. Yet, limited additional water resources were mobilized and increase in demand and shortages were growing at a faster rate than the rehabilitation and expansion works. Background and Current Conditions The rehabilitation programme implemented to date has not secured yet an adequate water resources management system. Water supply is still being rationed due to shortages of water resources, power failures and excessive power bills for the operation of the pump stations; adequate additional water resources have not been mobilized to date, and surface and ground water resources are heavily polluted due to current wastewater discharge practices. These conditions were intensified due to the additional resources required to meet the demands of and treat the wastewater generated by the 1.5 million displaced Syrians. The UNICEF – WHO, 2016 report revealed that only 36% of the total population are benefitting from safely managed drinking water services. The Ministry of Energy and Water issued in 2010 the National Water Sector Strategy (NWSS), putting on track the surface water resources management plan, specifically the construction of the dams to meet water shortages, which entailes a concurrent scheme for the protection of the mobilized water resources from illegal and polluting wastewater discharge practices. The NWSS of 2010 included assessment of the domestic, industrial, and irrigation water demands and projected the demands for 5 years intervals up to the year 2035. The 2010 demands were estimated at 1,473 MCM of which 505 MCM are domestic, 810 MCM are irrigation, 152 MCM are industrial, and 6 MCM are touristic demands. The available public resources provide only 60% of the total demand. The intention was, in addition to increasing the resources, to reduce the losses and un-accounted for water by 10-15% in the first 10 years. Since then old networks are being replaced but at a slower rate than planned; however no records are available to report the improvements and the Syrian crisis necessitated diverting the efforts towards meeting additional demands estimated at 61 MCM/year. The four Water Establishments (WEs), North Lebanon, Beirut and Mount Lebanon, Bekaa, and South Lebanon, are responsible for the operation and maintenance of the water and wastewater systems. The development of the water resources, i.e, the dams for the mobilisation and development of surface water resources, is the responsibility of the Ministry of Energy and Water (MoEW). The WEs require capacity buildings to be able to properly manage, supervise and take over the upgraded and expanded networks as well as their operation and maintenance. Impact of the Syrian Crisis on the Water and Irrigation Sector The Syrian Crisis has resulted in the displacement of 1.5 million (LCRP 2015) Syrians into Lebanon, the Country whose population is estimated at about 4.5 million (NWSS 2010, number including displaced Syrians at the time). In other words, within a couple of years only, the population on the Lebanese territory increased by 25-30%, unevenly distributed over the various regions, with the highest concentrations in North of Lebanon and the Bekaa, close to the Lebanese-Syrian borders. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 48 of 131

  46. Capital Investment Programme Such unanticipated multiplication of the population would have entailed significant impacts on countries with developed infrastructure and water sector; the impacts on Lebanon who is already suffering from a shortage in almost all its infrastructure sectors have evidently been much more severe, and specifically on the water/wastewater sectors. The water supply demands and the generated wastewater flows have been accentuated at the time the government did not have adequate resources to timely and adequately plan and implement considerable improvement on the relevant infrastructure. Based on the official LCRP 2015 figures of the displaced Syrian population in Lebanon, and the water demand values adopted by the MoEW, the increase in domestic water demand due to the displaced Syrians in Lebanon is estimated at 61 MCM per year. This is accompanied with an increase in wastewater generation by about 50 MCM per year, leading to a total of untreated wastewater of 280 MCM per year at the national level. The Syrian crisis has as such double impact on the sector: it has significantly increased the shortage in supply, and at the same time aggravated the wastewater problem, which constitutes a major contamination problem to the surface and ground water resources used for potable, agriculture and industry. Existing Programme and Strategies The National Water Sector Strategy (NWSS) 2010 prepared by the Ministry of Energy and Water (MoEW), stresses among others, on two main goals: 1- Optimizing the exploitation of the surface water resources to become the main source for water supply and irrigation. 2- Institutional improvement to ensure a better management of the sector to maintain a balance between the demands and the available resources. The exploitation of the available resources involves the following main components that need to be tackled to achieve the sector’s goals:  Production: the majority of the current water resources production relies on the groundwater which is being extensively extracted and leading to a continuous drop in the water table as the yearly consumption exceeds the recharge. The NWSS calls for a migration as much as possible to the mobilization of the surface water sources that are renewable; hoping to conserve the groundwater as a strategic reserve.  Transmission and distribution networks should be maintained in good condition to prevent losses and assure continuous supply.  Conservation and protection of water sources against pollution and specifically biological contamination resulting from shortage in wastewater networks and treatment plants that affects both the surface and ground water sources is essential. Industrial discharges should also be controlled to prevent chemical contamination. To mobilize the surface water sources, the NWSS identified a list of 40 dams and hill lakes that can store significant volumes of water ranging between 0.3 and 120 MCM and achieving a total static volume of about 670MCM a year that can supply domestic and irrigation demands. Few of the proposed dams have already been launched (Boqaata, Mseilha, Janneh, Kaysamani, Balaa, El Manzoul , Yammouneh, Kouashra), Brissa’s construction is completed except for lining its reservoir area, Bisri’s funding is under preparation, others are considered priority projects but require funding, such as Bared, Qarqaf, Younine and Assi. It is also of utmost importance to initiate the necessary wastewater schemes for the protection of these resources. Institutional capacity building is essentially required for setting an effective and sustainable management of the Sector, including operation, maintenance, management and conservation of the water resources and infrastructure assets, the reduction/limitation of the losses, and the continuity of the service. The water sector, which was severely affected by the civil war and its consequences, has been subject to continuous rehabilitation, improvement and expansion. However, the efforts were always unable to L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 49 of 131

  47. Capital Investment Programme cover the shortage in the water supply. The National Water Sector Strategy (NWSS) 2010, estimated the water supply deficit at about 40% of the total demands. The efforts of the Ministry of Energy and Water in improving the water sector and reducing the shortage in supply are incessant. Table 3-1 presents the budget spent by the ministry on upgrading and expansion of water networks during the last five years (2012-2016). Table 3-1: Minist ry’s Expenditure on Water Networks Total Region MUSD North Lebanon 70 Mount Lebanon 50 South Lebanon 24 Bekaa 18 Total 162 Table 3-2 lists the major on-going and recently completed projects divided into two categories A and B as follows: A- Expansion and Improvement of Supply B- Development of resources. Table 3-2: List of Major on-Going Water Projects Budget Project (Musd) A - Expansion and Improvement of Supply 197 Greater Beirut:  Greater Beirut Water Supply Project (Awwaly conveyance project) - Phase 1 - Tunnel and Transmission lines.  Upgrade of water systems in Greater Beirut to enable supply from Awwali project. 100  Rehabilitation of water supply systems in Greater Beirut. 50  Construction of Wardaniye Water Treatment Plant to serve Awwali project. 37  Expansion of Dbaye Water Treatment Plant to increase supply. 5.1  Rehabilitation works and construction of new works for Ain el Delbe including pump 3 stations and networks Jbeil: Improvement of water supply system in the caza of Jbeil and construction of waste water 38 networks for the coastal area of Jbeil and associated treatment plant Chouf: Rehabilitation and diversion of transmission line between Safa and Beiteddine, projects 7.3 for increasing the water sources in Iqlim el Kharroub, and Isolation of Barouk spring Akkar: Water s upply projects in the villages of south Akkar from Hrar and Qabiit reservoirs 83.8 (drilling and equipping of water wells, pumping stations, reservoirs, transmission lines and distribution lines) specifically in the villages of Meshmesh, Wata Meshmesh, Bazzal, Danbo, Beit Ayoub, Beit Younes, Qrayat, Bajaa, Shan, Houwaish, Qaiteea, and Continuation of the water supply project for the villages of Borghosh-Hrar region, Kaf et Tineh, and Qabiit and water supply systems consisting of groundwater wells, reservoirs and distribution networks that are under preparation. In addition to improvement of water systems in the villages of Fneideq, Tekrit, Beit Mlat, Bireh, Jouma, and Khirbet Daoud. Minieh & Dannieh : Continuation of the water supply project for the villages of Minieh region - Part 17.9 1, and rehabilitation an continuation of water systems in Dannieh (Package 1 - Part 1) L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 50 of 131

  48. Capital Investment Programme Budget Project (Musd) Tripoli: Water supply projects in Qalamoun, Ras-masqa, Anfeh, and Koura regions. 6.3 Zgharta/Ehden: Water supply project in Ehden region and Maydan, and continuation of water 20.2 networks in Fouwar within Northern Lebanon Water Establishment. Bcharre: Rehabilitation of water supply networks in Bcharre region. 11 Koura & Batroun: Rehabilitation of water supply systems in Chekka, Anfeh, Koura coast, and 10.5 Batroun and Equipping well and construction of potable water pump station for Chebtine village. Baalbeck-Hermel: Water supply project for the villages of the caza of Hermel, and additional 29.6 water supply works in the city of Baalbek and the next villages - 2nd package, additional water sources in Baalback-Hermel, rehabilitation of water treatment plant in Falawi to serve 18 villages from Yamoune spring, and Isolation of Daher el Aalwi spring in Ainata. Zahle & West Bekaa: Rehabilitation of water supply systems in West Bekaa and the villages east 51.2 of Zahle - packages 1, 2 and 3, rehabilitation/improvement of water supply systems in Qoblias, and construction of water supply systems for Dhour Zahle, Twayti, Maalaka, karak, Qaa el Rim, Hzarta and the industrial city. Rachaiya & West Bekaa: Rehabilitation of water supply systems in the villages of Rachaiya - part 15.8 2 - package 3, transmission line from Arab reservoir to Aarayesh, and Various water supply works in Bkifa, Beit Lahya, Aaiha, El-Haoush. Hasbaya: Water Supply Project for Jebel Amel Water Establishment-Phase 3 (construction of 30 reservoirs, transmission and distribution lines from wazzani), Complementary works for the water supply systems of Hebbariye-Hasbaya, drilling and equipping of groundwater well and continuation of water supply network in Chebaa. Marjaayoun & Bint Jbeil: Water Supply Project -Phase 3 (construction of reservoirs, 51.2 transmission and distribution lines from Taybe treatment plant, wazzani water, and ground water wells in the region). Additional water works in Jebel Amel - caza of Bint Jbeil. Nabatiye & Sour: Complementary Water Works project for Southern Lebanon water 15.8 establishment (Kfaroua, mejdel selm, Debaal, Safad el Batikh, Touline, Chaqra, Borj rahal, Kfardounine, Qraye), and additional water works for Kfarremane/Nabatiye. IRRIGATION - Marjaayoun & Bint-Jbeil: Litani conveyor 800 - main and secondary lines. 357.4 B - Development of Resources Batroun:  59.4 Mseilha hill lake: Construction of Mseilha dam and hill lake (12 MCM) for water supply and irrigation 37.3  Balaa hill lake: Construction of Balaa dam and hill lake (2.2 MCM) for water supply Greater Beirut and Mount Lebanon:  Jbeil - Janneh Dam: Construction of Janneh Dam (90 MCM) for water supply and 340 irrigation. 580  Bisri Dam: Greater Beirut Water Supply Project - Phase 2 - Construction of Bisri Dam (120MCM) including hyropower plant and waste water systems 25  Baabda - Kaysamani Dam: Construction of Kaysamani Dam (1MCM) for water supply 63.1  Metn - Boqaata Dam: Construction of Beqaata dam and hill lake (12 MCM) for water supply 15.3  Metn - Al Manzoul Hill lake: Construction of dam and hill lake (0.4MCM) including water treatment plant and transmission line from the lake to reservoirs of Zaarour and Aintoura. IRRIGATION - Baalbeck - Yamoune hill lake: Construction of Yamoune dam and hill lake (1.5 14.6 MCM) for irrigation IRRIGATION - Akkar –  3.2 Kouachra hill lake: Construction of dam and hill lake (0.35 MCM) for irrigation L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 51 of 131

  49. Capital Investment Programme Development Vision The target of the Ministry of Energy and Water and the Water Establishments includes mobilization of additional water resources to meet the current deficit as well as the initiation of an efficient and appropriately Development Plan to meet the projected future demands. The Syrian crisis and its consequences call for the consideration of a fast/immediate programme within the Development Plan to attenuate on the short term, the severe impacts of the shortage in water supply on both the vulnerable Lebanese families and displaced Syrians (increased risk of waterborne diseases in addition to intensive contamination of the ground and surface water). This immediate phase will also contribute to meeting the expected increased water demands on the long term. With the additional domestic water demand of 61 MCM resulting from the Syrian crisis (LCRP 2015 statistics/MoEW demands), the shortage in supply would increase to about 50%. The climate change, reducing the total annual precipitations, the rainy season and rainfall days, is a major challenge to mobilize the necessary resources to meet the projected demands. The Capital Investment Programme is divided into 2 categories:  Category A: this category comprises the projects for extending the Supply through expansion and improvement of the existing systems to increase capacities and coverages to meet the increasing demands. This Category responds in its ultimate phase to the projected future demands but also contributes in its early phases to the short term demands.  Category B: it consists in providing additional water sources relying mainly on renewable surface sources through construction of dams and hill lakes. This Category targets the projected future demands but will help as well alleviating the short-term demands through the early implementation of projects. A separate Category includes the projects identified under Lebanese Crisis Response Plan (LCRP) which was launched a couple of years ago to mitigate to the exponential increase of demands induced by the displaced Syrians. It includes expansion of networks and mobilization of additional resources relying on ground water (on temporary basis) to attenuate the urgent additional shortage. However, since limited funds were secured, the projects were earmarked for funding. The selection and prioritization of the water projects proposed to contribute in developing the sector have been done through the following criteria  The scale of served population, giving priority to the projects serving larger population number in order to maximize the social and hygienic benefits of the investments  The density of the displaced Syrians, in an effort to attenuate the impact of the massive increase in population and hence on water demands and hygienic conditions in the hosting areas  Enhancing the benefit from the CAPEX already invested in the construction of headworks, treatment plants and collection networks.  The readiness for construction and availability of studies (Feasibility, EIA, Tender Documents). L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 52 of 131

  50. Capital Investment Programme Lebanon Crisis Response Plan Based on the above considerations, a Development Plan is proposed comprising two categories of projects to achieve the following: Category A: Expansion and Improvement of the existing water supply system: This Category can be divided into two parts:  Part 1: this part includes the conveyance systems associated to ongoing or completed dams to enable the exploitation of these dams and hence are considered as complementary investments; they include among others, water treatment facilities, hydropower system, transmission lines, reservoirs and pumping stations. Four projects are selected for the first construction cycle to mobilize additional water resources in the North and Mount Lebanon serving directly a population of about 750,000, but affecting a larger population of about 1.5 million. One project for the distribution of irrigation water is also selected in this category as the main conveyor of the Litani irrigation Scheme is near completion. This project will irrigate an area of about 14,000 ha, provide large job opportunities, and improve food security, wellbeing and stability.  Part 2: this part includes the expansion, upgrage and rehabilitation of distribution networks to enhance the water supply and provide access to water sevices to the growing population. Many of these projects fall within the goals of the LCRP, however funds from LCRP were not secured and hence they were reintegrated into the CIP plan. In the regions of North, Bekaa and South, elaborate water master plans are available and include proposals for massive improvement works in the water sector which are required to reach an acceptable level of service. The major part of these works is needed as a first priority, planned for the 2020 to 22 horizon. These projects are also within the LCRP goals; however their costs exceed the LCRP budgets.. Furthermore, as most of the LCRP funds were not secured, they have been listed as cycle 1 CIP projects, and grouped under the relevant Water Establishment. The mentioned master plans include also continuations and expansions of the first priority projects proposed for later stages; these have been listed as cycles 2 and 3 projects. Category B: Mobilizing additional water sources: As previously mentioned, this category relates to the mobilization of additional surface water sources through the construction of dams and hill lakes. In addition to El Bared Dam in Akkar, serving a population of about 590,000, two projects (Azounieh Dam, Maaser Chouf Dam) are prioritized for mobilizing additional water resources in Mount Lebanon to serve a population of about 300,000, 1 project in Baalback-Hermel which is the continuation of Assi Phase 1 dam, and 1 project in Bekaa/Zahle (Barhashah Dam) due to the significant shortage in the region. Remaining expropriations for Chabrouh and Besri Dams are also listed in first priority since Chabrouh is completed and Besri about to be launched. Two projects are selected for the 2 nd cycle (Assi Phase 2 Dam, Ibl es Saqi Dam) and 12 others for the 3 rd cycle until their construction documents are prepared. Table 3-3 lists the proposed projects, their description, the estimated investment cost, their readiness for construction and their priorities. Figure 3-1 shows the geographic distribution of the proposed dams as well as the ongoing or completed ones. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 53 of 131

  51. Capital Investment Programme Municipalities and Governorates Requirements The Lebanese Government has invited all the Mohafazat and Municipalities to raise their needs in the various sectors including the Water Sector in order to be taken into consideration in the Development Vision. Extensive lists have been received from the municipalities all over the Country including a wide range of requests extending from a minor water connection to the construction of dams. The received lists have been compiled and depending on the type, size, and necessity, the projects have been categorized as follows: i. Proposed under CIP or covered by other projects proposed under CIP (additional water sources, transmission lines and new distribution networks, regional reservoirs, etc..) ii. Short and medium term municipal needs (minor storage tanks, collection ponds, irrigation canals, cleaning of water courses, water quality monitoring, minor water connections and rehabilitations, pumps, generators, etc..). These local demands or small-scale projects are categorized as Category “C”; they will be allocated a budget of 200MUSD under proposed CIP project W55 (Short and Medium term municipal needs). Most of the requests do not refer to a specific project but to the provision or increase of water supply in the regions; the extents and the components of the requested projects are not described and thus correlation has been made in such cases between the goals of the requests/projects and those of CIP projects. The lists include many requests for drilling and equipment of water wells, and others for construction or rehabilitation of local storage tanks. These also have been considered as covered by CIP projects since the latters include similar components and aim to ameliorate the whole water supply systems based on overall master plans. It is worth noting also that some of the requests are specific for particular municipalities or villages, but others are general at the level of a caza or a union of municipalities. Some others fall within ongoing or under preparation projects as indicated in the tables. Furthermore, only few projects include cost estimate. Table 3-5 hereafter summarizes the proposed investments by Cycle and by Governorate. The investments related to Irrigation are given separately. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 54 of 131

  52. Capital Investment Programme Table 3-3: Water and Irrigation Capital Investment Projects – Cycles 1 and 2 Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days A Expansion and Improvement of Supply PART 1: Projects associated with completed or ongoing Dams Enable exploitation of Mseilha Dam. Construction of Water Treatment plant, Increase the water supply Water supply system for Mseilha W1 North/Batroun transmission lines, and reservoirs for 14.5 5 Tender documents available 3 3 0.3 6 1 Dam. Response to Syrian crisis Mseilha DAM (water supply 6 MCM). through generated employment. Enable exploitation of Balaa Construction of Water Treatment plant, Dam is under construction. Tender lake. Water supply system for Balaa W2 North/Batroun transmission lines, and reservoirs for 10.5 3 documents for the plant and 3 3 0.25 6 1 Lake. Balaa DAM (water supply 1.5 MCM). transmission pipe available Increase the water supply Increase power production Expansion of the Hydropower plant and reduce deficit in electric Hydropower plant for Janneh Mount associated to Janneh DAM (current Dam is under construction. Design W3 100 - 3 power at the national level 2 1.6 5 1 Dam. Lebanon/Jbeil plan 50MW) to produce additional required for the plant. and specifically for Jbeil and 100MW (totaling 150MW). surrounding villages. Greater Beirut Construction of a transmission line from Transmission line from Janneh Dam is under construction. Design Increase water supply for W3A and Mount Janneh Dam to Beirut region to provide 60 - 1 2 1.6 3 1 Dam to Greater Beirut required for the transmission pipe Beirut and Suburbs Lebanon additional water supply Enable exploitation of Beqaata Dam Construction of Water Treatment plant, Dam is under construction. Design Increase water supply, Water treatment plant and water Mount W4 transmission lines, and reservoirs for 35 2 required for the plant and 3 reduce deficit and improve 2 0.35 5 1 supply system for Beqaata Dam. Lebanon/Metn Beqaata DAM (water supply 6 MCM). transmission pipe hygienic conditions Conserve and recharge groundwater Allows irrigation of 14,000 ha in the region, increase agricultural production and The main conveyor is under food security, improve social IRRIGATION - Litani - Conveyor Construction of distribution networks construction; expected to be and economic wellbeing and W5 800 Phase 2 - Irrigation and Water South/Nabatiye from the Conveyor 800 system for 300 - completed by mid 2018. Irrigation 2 3 3 5 1 stabilise population networks Irrigation and water supply networks downstream conveyor are required Provides water supply of 20,000m3/day Enable exploitation of El Bared Dam. Construction of Water transmission Water supply system for El Bared W6 North/Akkar lines and reservoirs from El Bared 20 0.5 Design is required 1 Response to Syrian crisis 3 0.2 4 2 Dam DAM Dams to the localities served. through generated employment. Chabrouh Dam System - Networks Water supply system for required: 60km for Kfardebian, 28km for Increase exploitation of W6A Mount Lebanon 40 2 3 0.2 4 1 Chabrouh Dam Faraya, and new networks for other Chabrouh Dam. villages. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 55 of 131

  53. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days PART 2: Expansions, Upgrades and Rehabilitations of Existing Networks BEIRUT AND MOUNT LEBANON WATER ESTABLISHMENT Reduce the extensive water Increasing supply sources, and losses in Greater Beirut Water supply system rehabilitation W7 Greater Beirut extension of transmission lines and 100 - - 2 network and increase water 3 1.0 5 1 in Beirut area distribution networks availability at the national scale. Mount Lebanon Increasing supply sources, and Increase water supply and Water Supply Projects for Mount / Metn, Chouf, W8 extension of transmission lines and 100 - - 3 reduce the significant deficit 2 1.0 5 1 Lebanon Aley & distribution networks in Metn. Kesrouane Expropriations for Beirut Storage Expropriations for Hazmieh and W8A Greater Beirut - 35 - 1 Tanks Ashrafieh storage tanks. NORTH WATER ESTABLISHMENT – Cycle 1 Completion, expansion and upgrade of Reduce the significant Qobayat water supply networks shortage in water supply in including construction of 60 wells the Region. Qobayat Water Supply Systems, (number may change depending on W9 Akkar 51 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.2 5 1 Phase 1 available safe yield), 2 intake structures Response to Syrian crisis on springs, 13 pump stations and through generated upgrade of 7 existing pump stations, 10 employment. reservoirs, and 100km of pipelines. Expansion and upgrade of Halba water Reduce the significant supply networks including construction shortage in water supply in of 47 wells (number may change the Region. depending on available safe yield), 2 Halba Water Supply Systems, W10 Akkar intake structures on springs, 1 pump 92 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.3 5 1 Phase 1 Response to Syrian crisis station and upgrade of 8 existing pump through generated stations, 14 reservoirs, 35km of employment. transmission lines and 116km of distribution lines. Expansion and upgrade of Danniyeh Reduce the significant water supply networks including shortage in water supply in North / construction of 22 wells, 2 intake the Region. Danniyeh Water Supply Systems, W11 27 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.25 5 1 Meniyeh- structures on springs, 8 pump stations Phase 1 Response to Syrian crisis Danniyeh and upgrade of 7 existing pump through generated stations, 12 reservoirs and 132km of employment. distribution lines. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 56 of 131

  54. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Reduce the significant shortage in water supply in Expansion and upgrade of Minieh water the Region. North / supply networks including construction Minieh Water Supply Systems, W12 Meniyeh- of 54 wells, 1 intake structure on spring, 12 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.1 5 1 Phase 1 Response to Syrian crisis Danniyeh 2 pump stations, 2 reservoirs and 19km through generated of distribution lines. employment. Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of Tripoli water water supply in the Region. supply networks including construction Tripoli Water Supply Systems, W13 North / Tripoli of 8 wells, 1 intake structure on springs, 25 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.15 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis Phase 1 1 pump station, 2 reservoirs and 4km of through generated transmission lines. employment. Reduce the shortage in water supply in the Region. Expansion and upgrade of Zgharta Zgharta Water Supply Systems, water supply networks including Response to Syrian crisis W14 North / Zgharta 24 1 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.1 5 1 Phase 1 construction of 26 wells, 22 reservoirs through generated and 108km of pipelines. employment. Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of Bcharre water supply in the Region. water supply networks including Bcharre Water Supply Systems, W15 North / Bcharre construction of 3 intake structures on 10 0 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.1 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis Phase 1 springs, 50km of distribution lines and through generated 3km of transmission lines. employment. Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of Koura water water supply in the Region. supply networks including construction Koura Water Supply Systems, W16 North / Koura of 26 wells, 6 pump stations, 13 55 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 Response to Syrian crisis 3 0.15 5 1 Phase 1 reservoirs 42km of transmission lines through generated and 120km of distribution lines. employment. Expansion and upgrade of Batroun Reduce the shortage in water supply networks including water supply in the Batroun Water Supply Systems, W17 North / Batroun 25 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.25 5 1 construction of 1 well, 1 pump station, Region.Response to Syrian Phase 1 13 reservoirs, 148km of distribution crisis through generated lines and 4km of transmission lines. employment. NORTH WATER ESTABLISHMENT – Cycle 2 Expansion and upgrade of Qobayat Qobayat Water Supply Systems, water supply networks including Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W9-1 Akkar 5 0.5 1 2 minor 3 2 Phase 2 upgrade of 12 existing pump stations, during phase 1 demand growth 11 reservoirs, and 7km of pipelines. Expansion and upgrade of Halba water supply networks including construction Halba Water Supply Systems, of 14 wells, 2 intake structures on Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W10-1 Akkar 7 0.5 1 2 minor 3 2 Phase 2 springs, upgrade of 14 existing pump during phase 1 demand growth stations, 17 reservoirs, 0.6km of transmission lines. Expansion and upgrade of Danniyeh North / Danniyeh Water Supply Systems, water supply networks including Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W11-1 Meniyeh- 7 0.5 1 2 minor 3 2 Phase 2 construction of 3 wells, 11 reservoirs during phase 1 demand growth Danniyeh and 30km of pipelines. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 57 of 131

  55. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Expansion and upgrade of Minieh water North / Minieh Water Supply Systems, supply networks including construction Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W12-1 Meniyeh- 1 0 1 2 minor 3 2 Phase 2 of 7 wells, 2 reservoirs and upgarde of 1 during phase 1 demand growth Danniyeh pump station. Expansion and upgrade of Tripoli water Tripoli Water Supply Systems, supply networks including construction Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W13-1 North / Tripoli 6 0.5 1 2 minor 3 2 Phase 2 of 3 wells, 1 reservoir and 1km of during phase 1 demand growth transmission lines. Expansion and upgrade of Zgharta Zgharta Water Supply Systems, water supply networks including Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W14-1 North / Zgharta 9 1 1 2 0.1 3 2 Phase 2 construction of 30 wells an13 during phase 1 demand growth reservoirs. Expansion and upgrade of Bcharre water supply networks including Bcharre Water Supply Systems, Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W15-1 North / Bcharre construction of 6 pump stations, 6 4 0.5 1 2 minor 3 2 Phase 2 during phase 1 demand growth reservoirs and upgrade of 1 existing pump station. Expansion and upgrade of Koura water supply networks including construction Koura Water Supply Systems, Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W16-1 North / Koura of 10 wells, 1 pump station, 13 10 0.5 1 2 0.1 3 2 Phase 2 during phase 1 demand growth reservoirs and upgrade of 1 pump stations. Expansion and upgrade of Batroun Batroun Water Supply Systems, water supply networks including Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W17-1 North / Batroun 3 0.5 1 2 minor 3 2 Phase 2 construction of 1 well, 1 pump station during phase 1 demand growth and 11 reservoirs. BEKAA WATER ESTABLISHMENT – Cycle 1 Expansion and upgrade of Ain El Hawr Reduce the shortage in (Merjhine), Ras El Meil water supply water supply in the Region. Baalbek-Hermel networks including construction of 21 W18 Ain El Hawr - Ras El Meil Systems 18 1 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.1 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis / Hermel ground reservoirs, 7 elevated tanks, 2 through generated pump stations, 66km of gravity pipes employment. and 19km of pressure pipes. Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of Ein El Zarqa water supply in the Region. Baalbek-Hermel water supply networks including W19 Ein El Zarqa 8 1 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.1 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis / Hermel construction of 1 pump station and 7km through generated of pipes. employment. Expansion and upgrade of Laboue Reduce the shortage in water supply system including water supply in the Region. Baalbek-Hermel construction of 5 ground reservoirs, 2 W20 Laboue Water Supply System 17 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.1 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis / Baalbek elevated tanks, 8 pump stations, 47km through generated of gravity pipes and 30km of pressure employment. pipes. Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of Ouyoun water supply in the Region. Ouyoun Orghosh Water Supply Baalbek-Hermel Orghosh water supply system including W21 9 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 minor 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis System / Baalbek construction of 6 ground reservoirs and through generated 80km of gravity pipes. employment. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 58 of 131

  56. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of Younine, water supply in the Region. Maqne and Nahle water supply Younine, Maqne and Nahle water Baalbek-Hermel W22 networks including construction of 2 5 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 minor 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis supply systems / Baalbek ground reservoirs, 1 well and 20km of through generated pipes. employment. Expansion and upgrade of Yamoune Reduce the shortage in water supply system including water supply in the Region. Baalbek-Hermel construction of 16 ground reservoirs, 5 W23 Yamoune Water Supply System 50 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.1 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis / Baalbek elevated tanks, 90km of gravity pipes, through generated 7km of pressure pipes and 4 pump employment. stations. Expansion and upgrade of Yahfoufa Reduce the shortage in Baalbek-Hermel water supply networks including water supply in the Region. -Bekaa / construction of 10 ground reservoirs, 1 W24 Yahfoufa Water Supply System 12 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 minor 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis Baalbek and elevated tank, 1 pump station, 42km of through generated Zahle gravity pipes and 1km of pressure employment. pipes. Expansion and upgrade of Qaa el Rim Reduce the shortage in water supply system including water supply in the Region. construction of 11 ground reservoirs, 1 W25 Qaa El Rim System Bekaa / Zahle 28 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 minor 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis elevated tank, 2 pump stations, 20km of through generated gravity pipes and 7km of pressure employment. pipes. Expansion and upgrade of Qab Elias, Reduce the shortage in Jdita and Zebdol water supply networks water supply in the Region. Qab Elias, Jdita and Zebdol Water including construction of 8 ground W26 Bekaa / Zahle 9 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.1 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis Supply systems reservoirs, 2 pump stations, 16km of through generated gravity pipes and 3km of pressure employment. pipes. Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of Aanjar water water supply in the Region. supply system including construction of W27 Aanjar Water Supply System Bekaa / Zahle 8 ground reservoirs, 1 elevated tank, 2 24 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 minor 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis pump stations, 20km of gravity pipes through generated and 11km of pressure pipes. employment. Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of Chamsine water supply in the Region. Bekaa / Zahle water supply networks including W28 Chamsine Water Supply System and West construction of 7 ground reservoirs, 1 6 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 minor 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis Bekaa pump station, 5km of gravity pipes and through generated 1km of pressure pipes. employment. Expansion and upgrade of Ain El Zarqa Reduce the shortage in water supply system Part 1, including water supply in the Region. Ain El Zarqa Part1 Water Supply Bekaa / West construction of 4 ground reservoirs, 1 W29 16 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.1 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis System Bekaa elevated tank, 1 pump station, 7km of through generated gravity pipes and 2km of pressure employment. pipes. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 59 of 131

  57. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of Ain El Zarqa water supply in the Region. water supply system Part 2, including Ain El Zarqa Part2 Water Supply Bekaa / W30 construction of 4 ground reservoirs, 2 6 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 minor 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis System Rachaya elevated tanks and 3km of gravity through generated pipes. employment. BEKAA WATER ESTABLISHMENT – Cycle 2 Expansion and upgrade of Ain El Hawr Baalbek-Hermel Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W18-1 Ain El Hawr - Ras El Meil Systems (Merjhine), Ras El Meil water supply 16 1 1 2 0.15 3 2 / Hermel during phase 1 demand growth networks Baalbek-Hermel Expansion and upgrade of Ein El Zarqa Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W19-1 Ein El Zarqa 6 1 1 2 minor 3 2 / Hermel water supply networks during phase 1 demand growth Baalbek-Hermel Expansion and upgrade of Laboue water Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W20-1 Laboue Water Supply System 15 0.5 1 2 0.15 3 2 / Baalbek supply system during phase 1 demand growth Ouyoun Orghosh Water Supply Baalbek-Hermel Expansion and upgrade of Ouyoun Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W21-1 9 0.5 1 2 0.1 3 2 System / Baalbek Orghosh water supply system during phase 1 demand growth Expansion and upgrade of Younine, Younine, Maqne and Nahle water Baalbek-Hermel Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W22-1 Maqne and Nahle water supply networks 4 0.5 1 2 minor 3 2 supply systems / Baalbek during phase 1 demand growth . Baalbek-Hermel Expansion and upgrade of Yamoune Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W23-1 Yamoune Water Supply System 25 0.5 1 2 0.25 3 2 / Baalbek water supply system during phase 1 demand growth Baalbek-Hermel -Bekaa / Expansion and upgrade of Yahfoufa Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W24-1 Yahfoufa Water Supply System 10 0.5 1 2 0.1 3 2 water supply networks during phase 1 demand growth Baalbek and Zahle Expansion and upgrade of Qaa el Rim Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W25-1 Qaa El Rim System Bekaa / Zahle 4 0.5 1 2 minor 3 2 water supply system during phase 1 demand growth Qab Elias, Jdita and Zebdol Water Expansion and upgrade of Qab Elias, Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W26-1 Bekaa / Zahle 6 0.5 1 2 minor 3 2 Supply systems Jdita and Zebdol water supply networks during phase 1 demand growth Expansion and upgrade of Aanjar water Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W27-1 Aanjar Water Supply System Bekaa / Zahle 5 0.5 1 2 minor 3 2 supply system during phase 1 demand growth Bekaa / Zahle Expansion and upgrade of Chamsine Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W28-1 Chamsine Water Supply System and West 3 0.5 1 2 minor 3 2 water supply networks during phase 1 demand growth Bekaa L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 60 of 131

  58. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Ain El Zarqa Part1 Water Supply Bekaa / West Expansion and upgrade of Ain El Zarqa Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W29-1 7 0.5 1 2 minor 3 2 System Bekaa water supply system Part 1 during phase 1 demand growth Ain El Zarqa Part2 Water Supply Bekaa / Expansion and upgrade of Ain El Zarqa Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W30-1 2 0 1 2 minor 3 2 System Rachaya water supply system Part 2 during phase 1 demand growth SOUTH WATER ESTABLISHMENT – Cycle 1 Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of water supply water supply in the Region. networks in the Caza of Saida, including W31 Saida Water Supply Systems South / Saida construction of 1 new well, 34 25 1 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.15 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis reservoirs, 5 pump stations, and 84 km through generated of pipelines. employment. Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of water supply water supply in the Region networks in the Caza of Zahrani, W32 Zahrani Water Supply System South / Zahrani including construction of 1 water 39 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.2 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis treatment plant, 21 reservoirs, 5 pump through generated stations, and 70km of pipelines. employment. Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of water supply water supply in the Region. networks in the Caza of Jezzine, W33 Jezzine Water Supply System South / Jezzine including construction of 1 new well, 8 6 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 minor 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis reservoirs, 6 pump stations, and 30km through generated of pipelines. employment. Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of water supply water supply in the Region. networks in the Caza of Sour, including W34 Sour Water Supply System South / Sour construction of 2 water treatment plants, 42 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.2 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis 30 reservoirs, 3 pump stations, and through generated 147km of pipelines. employment. Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of water supply water supply in the Region. networks in the Caza of Nabatiye, W35 Nabatiye Water Supply System Nabatiye including construction of 1 water 26 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.15 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis treatment plant, 20 reservoirs, 3 pump through generated stations, and 78km of pipelines. employment. Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of water supply water supply in the Region. networks in the Caza of Bint-Jbeil, Nabatiye / Bint- W36 Bint-Jbeil Water Supply System including construction of 3 water 63 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.3 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis Jbeil treatment plants, 26 reservoirs, 1 pump through generated station, and 122km of pipelines. employment. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 61 of 131

  59. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Reduce the shortage in Expansion and upgrade of water supply water supply in the Region. Nabatiye / networks in the Cazas of Marjaayoun Marjaayoun & Hasbaya Water W37 Marjaayoun & and Hasbaya, including construction of 24 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 2 3 0.15 5 1 Response to Syrian crisis Supply Systems Hasbaya 1 water treatment plant, 15 reservoirs, 4 through generated pump stations, and 90km of pipelines. employment. SOUTH WATER ESTABLISHMENT – Cycle 2 Expansion and upgrade of water supply networks in the Caza of Saida, including Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W31-1 Saida Water Supply Systems South 8 1 2 2 0.1 4 2 construction of 1 water treatment plant during phase 1 demand growth (Besri Dam), 5 local reservoirs, pump stations, and 57km of pipelines. Expansion and upgrade of water supply networks in the Caza of Zahrani, Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W32-1 Zahrani Water Supply System South including construction of 3 local 1 0.5 2 2 minor 4 2 during phase 1 demand growth reservoirs, and 7.5km of distribution lines. Expansion and upgrade of water supply networks in the Caza of Jezzine, including construction of 1 water Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W33-1 Jezzine Water Supply System South 5 1 2 2 minor 4 2 treatment plant (Besri Dam), 2 regional during phase 1 demand growth reservoirs, 4 pump stations, and 18km of pipelines. Expansion and upgrade of water supply networks in the Caza of Sour, including Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W34-1 Sour Water Supply System South construction of 8 local reservoirs, 3 2 0 2 2 minor 4 2 during phase 1 demand growth regional reservoirs, and 13.5km of distribution lines. Expansion and upgrade of water supply networks in the Caza of Nabatiye, including construction of 1 water Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W35-1 Nabatiye Water Supply System Nabatiye 20 1 2 2 0.2 4 2 treatment plant, 6 local reservoirs, 2 during phase 1 demand growth regional reservoirs, 2 pump stations, and 32km of transmission lines. Expansion and upgrade of water supply networks in the Caza of Bint-Jbeil, Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W36-1 Bint-Jbeil Water Supply System Nabatiye including construction 6 local reservoirs, 1 0 2 2 minor 4 2 during phase 1 demand growth 1 regional reservoir, and 1km of distribution lines. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 62 of 131

  60. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Expansion and upgrade of water supply networks in the Cazas of Marjaayoun Marjaayoun&Hasbaya Water Master plan level; subject to change Improve supply to meet W37-1 Nabatiye 1 0 2 2 minor 4 2 and Hasbaya, including construction, 1 Supply Systems during phase 1 demand growth local reservoir, and 16km of distribution lines. B Development of Resources Increase water supply, reduce deficit, and improve hygienic conditions and social wellbeing Construction of Water Supply dam (37- Tender Documents available; ready 90) MCM) and associated water for construction. Conserve and recharge W38 El Bared Dam North / Akkar treatment plant and transmission 300 0 2 3 3 5 1 groundwater network, including expropriation and EIA requires update supervision works. Response to Syrian crisis through generated employment Additional funds to complete Mseilha W38A Additional funds for Mseilha Dam North / Batroun Water Supply and Irrigation dam (6-12 15 - 1 MCM) Additional funds to complete Balaa W38B Additional funds for Balaa Dam North / Batroun 7 - 1 Water Supply dam (1.2-2.2 MCM) Consultancy services for a solution and North / implementation of the required works to W38C Repairing works for Brissa Dam 15 1 Denniyeh solve the problems of the constructed Brissa dam (Irrigation 0.8MCM) Increase water supply, Construction of Water Supply dam (4-5 reduce deficit, improve MCM) and associated water treatment hygienic conditions Mount Lebanon Tender Documents available; ready W39 Ain Dara - Azounieh Dam plant, transmission lines and reservoirs 110 5 3 2 1.1 5 1 / Aley for construction including expropriations and supervision Conserve and recharge costs. groundwater Increase water supply, Construction of Water Supply hill lake reduce deficit and improve Tender Documents available; ready (2.2 MCM) and associated water hygienic conditions Mount Lebanon for construction. W40 Maaser Chouf Dam treatment plant, transmission lines and 85 2 3 2 0.85 5 1 / Chouf reservoirs including expropriations and Conserve and recharge EIA requires update supervision costs. groundwater L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 63 of 131

  61. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Increase irrigation capabilities in the region (Hermel and El Qaa Valley), increase agriculture production, stabilise rural Completion of execution works for Assi Dam construction stopped since population, generate job W41 Assi Phase I Dam Bekaa / Hermel Phase 1 Water and Irrigation Dam (63 65 - 2006. Design required for the plant 2 3 0.65 5 1 opportunities, and improve MCM), and supervision works. and transmission pipe social and economic wellbeing in the region. Conserve and recharge groundwater Remaining Expropriations for Beirut & Mount Additional funds of 15MUSD are W41A - 15 1 Besri Dam Lebanon required to complete the expropriations. Expropriations of 4,000,000 m2 for Remaining Expropriations for Beirut & Mount W41B Chabrouh Dam (remaining - 20 2 1 Chabrouh Dam Lebanon expropriations) Increase irrigation capabilities in the region (Hermel and El Qaa Valley), increase agriculture production, stabilise rural population, generate job Construction of Assi Phase 2 Water and Tender documents available. EIA W42 Assi Phase 2 Dam Bekaa / Hermel 300 40 2 2 3 4 2 opportunities, and improve Irrigation Dam (15 MCM). requires update social and economic wellbeing in the region. Conserve and recharge groundwater Increase water sources for Zahle and surrounding localities, reduce deficit on Tender Documents available; ready national and local level, for construction. improve water quality and Construction of Water Supply Hill lake W43 Barhashah Dam Bekaa / Zahle 40 1 2 2 0.4 4 1 hygienic conditions, reduce (0.55 MCM) EIA requires update health bill Conserve and recharge groundwater. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 64 of 131

  62. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Provides Irrigation water for the villages of caza of Hasbaya and Marjaaoun. This enhances agriculture and thus improves life Construction of Irrigation and Water Tender documents available. conditions of the habitants supply dam (50 MCM) on the Hasbani Technical validation is required. South / W44 Ibl es Saqi Dam river next to Ibl es Saqi; the main use 200 100 2 2 2 4 2 Marjaayoun Increases potable water will be for Irrigation with 30% for water EIA requires update supply and reduces deficit supply. Provides employment for habitants and displaced Syrians Total Cycle 1 2,151 106 Total Cycle 2 722 156 Total Water Cycles 1 and 2 3,135 L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 65 of 131

  63. Capital Investment Programme Table 3-4: Water and Irrigation Future Capital Investment Projects – Cycle 3 Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Status Impact Ref Project Region Description Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Expansion and Improvement of Supply A PART 1: Projects associated with completed or ongoing Dams Water Supply system for Downstream works for proposed W6B South 70 3 Choumariye Dam Choumariye Dam PART 2: Expansions, Upgrades and Rehabilitations of Existing Networks NORTH WATER ESTABLISHMENT – Cycle 3 Qobayat Water Supply Systems, Expansion and upgrade of Qobayat Improve supply to meet W9-2 Akkar 9 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 0.1 2 3 Phase 3 water supply networks. demand growth Halba Water Supply Systems, Expansion and upgrade of Halba water Improve supply to meet W10-2 Akkar 13 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 0.15 2 3 Phase 3 supply networks. demand growth North / Danniyeh Water Supply Systems, Expansion and upgrade of Danniyeh Improve supply to meet W11-2 Meniyeh- 3 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 Phase 3 water supply networks. demand growth Danniyeh North / Minieh Water Supply Systems, Expansion and upgrade of Minieh water Improve supply to meet W12-2 Meniyeh- 2 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 Phase 3 supply networks. demand growth Danniyeh Tripoli Water Supply Systems, Expansion and upgrade of Tripoli water Improve supply to meet W13-2 North / Tripoli 12 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 0.1 2 3 Phase 3 supply networks. demand growth Zgharta Water Supply Systems, Expansion and upgrade of Zgharta Improve supply to meet W14-2 North / Zgharta 7 1 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 Phase 3 water supply networks. demand growth Bcharre Water Supply Systems, Expansion and upgrade of Bcharre Improve supply to meet W15-2 North / Bcharre 3 0 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 Phase 3 water supply networks. demand growth Koura Water Supply Systems, Expansion and upgrade of Koura water Improve supply to meet W16-2 North / Koura 12 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 0.1 2 3 Phase 3 supply networks. demand growth Batroun Water Supply Systems, Expansion and upgrade of Batroun Improve supply to meet W17-2 North / Batroun 3 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 Phase 3 water supply networks. demand growth L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 66 of 131

  64. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Status Impact Ref Project Region Description Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days BEKAA WATER ESTABLISHMENT – Cycle 3 Expansion and upgrade of Ain El Hawr Baalbek-Hermel Improve supply to meet W18-2 Ain El Hawr - Ras El Meil Systems (Merjhine), Ras El Meil water supply 1.5 1 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 / Hermel demand growth networks. Baalbek-Hermel Expansion and upgrade of Ein El Zarqa Improve supply to meet W19-2 Ein El Zarqa 0.5 1 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 / Hermel water supply networks. demand growth Baalbek-Hermel Expansion and upgrade of Laboue Improve supply to meet W20-2 Laboue Water Supply System 1 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 / Baalbek water supply system. demand growth Ouyoun Orghosh Water Supply Baalbek-Hermel Expansion and upgrade of Ouyoun Improve supply to meet W21-2 3 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 System / Baalbek Orghosh water supply system. demand growth Expansion and upgrade of Younine, Younine, Maqne and Nahle water Baalbek-Hermel Improve supply to meet W22-2 Maqne and Nahle water supply 0.5 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 supply systems / Baalbek demand growth networks. Baalbek-Hermel Expansion and upgrade of Yamoune Improve supply to meet W23-2 Yamoune Water Supply System 7 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 / Baalbek water supply system. demand growth Baalbek-Hermel -Bekaa / Expansion and upgrade of Yahfoufa Improve supply to meet W24-2 Yahfoufa Water Supply System 2 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 Baalbek and water supply networks. demand growth Zahle Expansion and upgrade of Qaa el Rim Improve supply to meet W25-2 Qaa El Rim System Bekaa / Zahle 3.5 0 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 water supply system. demand growth Expansion and upgrade of Qab Elias, Qab Elias, Jdita and Zebdol Water Improve supply to meet W26-2 Bekaa / Zahle Jdita and Zebdol water supply 0.5 0 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 Supply -systems demand growth networks. Expansion and upgrade of Aanjar water Improve supply to meet W27-2 Aanjar Water Supply System Bekaa / Zahle 2 0 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 supply system. demand growth Bekaa / Zahle Expansion and upgrade of Chamsine Improve supply to meet W28-2 Chamsine Water Supply System 2 0 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 and West Bekaa water supply networks. demand growth Ain El Zarqa Part1 Water Supply Bekaa / West Expansion and upgrade of Ain El Zarqa Improve supply to meet W29-2 1.5 0 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 System Bekaa water supply system. demand growth Ain El Zarqa Part2 Water Supply Bekaa / Expansion and upgrade of Ain El Zarqa Improve supply to meet W30-2 2 0 Detailed Design is required. 1 1 minor 2 3 System Rachaya water supply system. demand growth SOUTH WATER ESTABLISHMENT – Cycle 3 Expansion and upgrade of water supply Improve supply to meet W31-2 Saida Water Supply Systems South 8 1 Detailed Design is required. 1 2 0.2 3 3 networks in the Caza of Saida. demand growth Expansion and upgrade of water supply Improve supply to meet W32-2 Zahrani Water Supply System South 1 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 2 0.2 3 3 networks. demand growth Expansion and upgrade of water supply Improve supply to meet W33-2 Jezzine Water Supply System South 4 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 2 0.2 3 3 networks. demand growth L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 67 of 131

  65. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Status Impact Ref Project Region Description Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Expansion and upgrade of water supply Improve supply to meet W34-2 Sour Water Supply System South 2 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 2 0.2 3 3 networks. demand growth Expansion and upgrade of water supply Improve supply to meet W35-2 Nabatiye Water Supply System Nabatiye 15 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 2 0.2 3 3 networks. demand growth Expansion and upgrade of water supply Improve supply to meet W36-2 Bint-Jbeil Water Supply System Nabatiye 1 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 2 0.2 3 3 networks. demand growth Marjaayoun&Hasbaya Water Expansion and upgrade of water supply Improve supply to meet W37-2 Nabatiye 1 0.5 Detailed Design is required. 1 2 0.2 3 3 Supply Systems networks. demand growth Development of Resources B Provides water for the neighbouring villages Helps recharge of Construction of dam (35-50MCM) for W45 Noura el Tahta Dam North/Akkar Design is required 1 groundwater 2 80 10 0.8 3 3 Nour el Tahta and surrounding villages. Response to Syrian crisis through generated employment. Provides Irrigation water for the Qobayat village and neighbouring villages Construction of Water Supply hill lake W46 Atolbe Dam North/Akkar At preliminary design stage 1 1 18 2 0.18 2 3 (0.70 MCM) to supply Qbayat Response to Syrian crisis through generated employment. Provides potable and irrigation water for the Caza of Koura and Batroun villages. Construction of Water and Irrigation W47 Dar Baachtar Dam North/Koura At preliminary design stage 1 Helps recharge of 2 75 10 0.75 3 3 Dam (7 MCM) for Koura and Batroun groundwater Response to Syrian crisis through generated employment Provides potable and irrigation water for the Caza Construction of Water and Irrigation of Zgharta villages. W48 IaaL Dam North/Zgharta Under design 1 2 Dam (12-18 MCM) for Caza of Zgharta 70 10 0.7 3 3 Response to Syrian crisis villages through generated employment. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 68 of 131

  66. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Status Impact Ref Project Region Description Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Provides Irrigation water for the villages of cazas of 20 m dam height, providing additional Design completed. Batroun W49 Rahwe Dam North / Batroun statice storage capacity of 2 MCM for 1 2 25 10 0.25 3 3 New EIA required the irrigation of 200 ha Helps recharge of groundwater Supply of Damour and Mount Construction of Water and Irrigation surrounding coastal villages W50 Damour Dam Lebanon/Damo DAM (42-106 MCM) for Beirut and Feasibility study done 1 150 30 2 1.5 3 3 with domestic and irrigation ur Damour region. water Provides Irrigation water for the villages of caza of Nabatiye, Marjaoun, and Jezzine. This enhances Construction of Irrigation and Water agriculture and thus supply dam (120 MCM) on Litani river improves life conditions of (Khardali segment) including the habitants W51 Khardali Dam South/Nabatiye 1 435 200 2 2.8 3 3 downstream works; the main use will be for Irrigation with 15-20% for water Increases potable water supply. supply and reduces deficit Provides employment for habitants and displaced Syrians Provides Irrigation water for the west villages of caza of Construction of Irrigation and Water Nabatiye. This enhances supply dam (12 MCM) on the Litani agriculture and thus W52 Kfarsir Dam South/Nabatiye river next to Kfar Sir village; the main At preliminary design stage 1 improves life conditions of 45 15 2 0.45 3 3 use will be for Irrigation with 25% for the habitants water supply. Increases potable water supply and reduces deficit Construction of Water and Irrigation dam (200,000 CM) with treatment plant, Provides domestic and storage tanks and distribution lines to W53 Wadi Chich Dam North/Bcharre Feasibility study 1 irrigation water for the 20 - 2 0.45 3 3 the villages of Bcharre, Mar lesha3, beneficiary villages Hadshit, Bka3 Kafra, Bazaoun, and Hasroun. Provides Irrigation water for Providing additional storage capacity of W53 Irrigation - Massa Dam Bekaa / Zahle 1 the villages of cazas of 60 4 2 0.6 3 3 8 MCM for the irrigation of 1600 ha Zahle Provides Irrigation water for Providing additional storage capacity of W54 Irrigation - Younine Dam Baalbek 1 the villages of cazas of 65 10 2 0.7 3 3 5.8 MCM for the irrigation of 1200 ha Zahle Construction of Irrigation DAM (20-25 Provides Irrigation water for W55 Qarqaf Dam Akkar 81 3 MCM) for Akkar coastal region. the coastal villages of Akkar L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 69 of 131

  67. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Status Impact Ref Project Region Description Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Construction of Water supply and W56 Choumariye Dam South 60 20 3 Irrigation DAM on Litani River. 1,377 333 Total Water Cycle 3 1,710 L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 70 of 131

  68. Capital Investment Programme Table 3-5: Proposed Water Capital Investment Programme by Cycle (MUSD) Cycle Project Akkar North Baalbek / Hermel Bekaa South Nabatiye B & ML Subtotal Networks 144 214.5 111 104.5 114.5 114.5 474 1,277 Dams 300 37 65 41 0 0 237 680 1 Irrigation 0 0 0 0 100 200 0 300 444 251.5 176 145.5 214.5 314.5 711 2,257 Total Networks 33.5 43.5 79 40 18.5 23 0 237.5 Dams 0 0 340 0 0 300 0 640 2 33.5 43.5 419 40 18.5 323 0 878 Total Grand Total (MUSD) 3,138 Networks 22 45.5 17.5 14 17.5 88.5 0 205 Cycle 3 Dams 191 220 75 64 0 775 180 1,505 (Future) Total (MUSD) 213 265.5 92.5 78 17.5 863.5 180 1,710 L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 71 of 131

  69. Capital Investment Programme Figure 3-1: Surface Water Resources Priority Projects L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 72 of 131

  70. Capital Investment Programme Institutional Considerations  Capacity Building All master plans and previous studies of the sector discussed briefly the institutional capacities of the water establishment for handling the proposed development programmes. They all shared the opinion of capacity building without a proper definition of the requirements. A detailed study of the current conditions of the water establishments is necessary, including the human resources, the administrative structure, the O&M capacities for timely intervention, the relationship and satisfaction of the beneficiaries, the water quality monitoring, water billing, accounting, etc.  Dams Management With the various dam projects under construction or planned for construction, the MoEW would have to introduce in the national legislation the dam safety plan, as stated in the World Bank Operational Policy OP.4.37 Safety of Dams. The dam-safety objectives are to protect the investment, and reduce the potential liability associated with a dam failure. The purpose of this Emergency Action Plan is to identify emergency situations that could threaten the dams, and to plan for an expedited, effective response to prevent their failure. A Dam Safety Panel and an Environmental and Social Advisory Panel have to be established to advise on dam safety, safeguards and other technical studies during dam design, construction, impoundment, and dam monitoring. These panels are expected to meet twice a year during construction and once a year during operation, and their reports will be published.  Private Sector Participation The private sector is active in the water sector activities: starting from planning, design, construction, up to O&M. The advantages of partnerships with the private sector would have to be assessed and explored depending on the establishment requirements, needs and constraints, and the general governmental policies. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 73 of 131

  71. Capital Investment Programme WASTEWATER Introduction The Lebanese government launched a long-overdue development plan for the wastewater sector aiming at the protection of the water resources and the Mediterranean Sea, mitigating the health, environmental and economic costs from unsafe wastewater management, and improving social and economic wellbeing. Traditionally, nearly 100% of the households had access to water resources, but wastewater collection was limited to large communities. Wastewater was commonly disposed of through percolation pits. A study commissioned by the World Bank 2 in 2003 estimated the total cost of environmental degradation in Lebanon due to health impacts and degradation of quality of life to be about 2.1% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Lebanon. More than a billion USD have been invested up to 2012 in the wastewater sector, yet only 8% of the generated wastewater could be treated. The Ministry of Energy and Water issued in 2012 the strategy of the wastewater sector within an integrated water resource management framework. However, due to regional instability and the Syrian crisis and in view of the unexpected upsurge of the demands as a result of the sudden increase in population by nearly 50%, the resources management plan had to switch to an emergency relief plan. Successive response strategies were prepared since 2013 to prevent drastic potential consequences and outbreaks of waterborne diseases, through providing basic supplies to communities without water and wastewater access. The cost of the immediate response was estimated at 390 MUS$ in 2016, yet only 90 MUS$ were made available. The Lebanon Crisis Response Plan 2017-2020 (LCRP) prepared in 2016 estimated the fund requirements to be 280 MUS$ in 2017 and another 280 MUS$ in 2018. The LCRP 2016 report estimated the people in urgent need for safe water access to be 2.6 Million Lebanese, 1 Million Syrian and 0.2 Million Palestinian as per the below table. Table 4-1: Population in Need of Safe Services Population Cohort No. of People in Need Lebanese 2,582,427 Displaced Syrian 960,000 Palestine Displaced Syrians from Syria 20,161 Palestine Displaced Syrians in Lebanon 177,910 Total 3,740,498 Background and Current Conditions Background The CDR and the Ministry of Energy and Water are the main implementing agencies of wastewater projects to the benefits of the regional Water Establishments (North Lebanon, Beirut and Mount Lebanon, South Lebanon and Bekaa) who have the responsibility of the wastewater sector operations and management since the promulgation of law 221/2000, which transferred the wastewater management from the Municipalities to the WEs whose experience in the sector is limited. 2 METAP, the World Bank, Cost of Environmental Degradation in Lebanon , June 2003. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 74 of 131

  72. Capital Investment Programme Current Conditions The wastewater treatment rate and connection rate were estimated respectively to 8% and 60% in 2010 National Strategy for the Wastewater Sector (issued in 2012). Based on the below description of current conditions and wastewater projects status, the rate of connected population to operational treatment plants is estimated to 29% The wastewater projects initiated or completed in Lebanon fall into three categories: A- Protection of the Lebanese Coast / Mediterranean Sea: The Barcelona Convention of 1998 requires Lebanon to contribute towards the protection of the Mediterranean waters against pollution. The agreement stressed on the necessity of treating wastewater before it is discharged into the sea in cities and towns with populations exceeding 100,000 residents. In compliance with this requirement, 11 coastal wastewater treatment plants were designed, of which 8 were constructed and the remaining 4, namely, the treatment plants of El Aabde in Akkar, Maamltein and Jeita in Kesrouane and Daoura (formerly known as Burj Hammoud) serving parts of Beirut, Metn and Baabda districts are still under preparation. The constructed and planned plants are for secondary treatment except for Saida, Ghadir and Daoura that are for preliminary, respectively pre-treatment level and need to be extended to at least secondary treatment to comply with the Mediterranean Convention. The plan for Daoura is also to have preliminary treatment which also requires upgrade to comply with the Mediterranean Convention. Main collectors and collection networks were initiated for the lower basins and need to be expanded to cover the upper basins currently discharging into water streams or ground water. Moreover, some of the constructed wastewater treatment plants require extension to meet the current and projected demand. While the main collectors of storm and waste water are now constructed in Beirut, the old collection networks of the city and its neighborhoods is not yet upgraded to separate rain water from sewage. Below is a brief description of the coastal systems from North to South:  Akkar: The tender documents for the coastal El Aabde wastewater treatment plant, its sea outfall and collection networks of the coast of Akkar (Phase 1) are under preparation. Phases 2 and 3 consist of expanding the capacity of the wastewater treatment plant and connecting other coastal and central villages of Akkar.  Tripoli wastewater treatment plant and sea outfall were completed, servicing Tripoli coastal area, Al Qalamun, major parts of Koura and Zgharta districts, and the coastal areas of Baddaoui, Deir Aamar and Minnieh district. The approximate area covered by Tripoli plant is around 325 km 2 , serving around 610,000 people expected to grow up to 950,000 in 2035. At present the networks cover less than 50% of the servicing area of Tripoli plant. The collection network in Tripoli city and the main collector towards the North are completed, and works on the South collector are still on-going but funds are lacking for Maarad – Bohsas link. The collection networks for the remaining parts of Tripoli district and other districts are still lacking and require funding. Zgharta coastal and central villages are planned to be connected to Tripoli plant but funds are not yet available. Danniye coastal and central villages are planned to be connected to Tripoli wastewater treatment plant through Zgharta but funds are not yet available.  Koura: The implementation of Phase I collection networks including house connections in the coastal part of Koura is ongoing. Phase II project is planned to cover the missing secondary and tertiary lines for other villages.  Chekka and Batroun wastewater treatment plants in North Lebanon were completed; however, they require expansion to meet the current demands. They serve the coastal part of Batroun and Koura that is already provided with collection networks.  Jbeil wastewater treatment plant was completed, however the plant requires expansion to meet the current demand. Site works are progressing for the construction of part of the networks in the coastal part of Jbeil district. Additional networks are required for the remaining part of the Jbeil plant basin. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 75 of 131

  73. Capital Investment Programme  Kesrouane : The plan for the coastal area of Kesrouane district is to have two treatment plants and their corresponding networks. The project is under preparation.  Beirut and parts of Mount Lebanon districts are divided into two main drainage basins with two (2) treatment plants located at Daoura and Al Ghadir. o The construction and equipping of Al Ghadir wastewater pre-treatment plant as well as the sea outfall were completed and put in service in 1997. This plant designed to serve the Southern part of districts of Baabda and Aley, the west- southern part of Greater Beirut and the northern parts of the Chouf district, requires expansion works. One project is under preparation to upgrade the treatment plant to preliminary treatment. Additional funds are required to upgrade it to secondary treatment process. The main collector (Carlton – Al Ghadir) was constructed but the collection networks in Al Ghadir service area require upgrade and extension to cover the yet unserved areas, partial funds are available for the required works. The main wastewater lines and sewer networks in the villages of Aley and Baabda are under construction. o Daoura (formerly known as Burj Hammoud) preliminary treatment plant project is still under preparation while the main collector from Dbaye to Daoura was completed and the sea outfall north Beirut was constructed. The upgrade of the design to reach secondary treatment is required and additional funds are required to implement the upgrade. The plant will serve the coastal part and central villages of Metn district, part of Baabda district as well as the east-northern part of Greater Beirut. The collection networks in lower Metn are under progress. o The network in Beirut and suburbs requires upgrading to separate stormwater from wastewater, part of the works have already been initiated by the CDR and other by the Beirut Municipality, however funds are required to complete the rehabilitation of the infrastructure and in particular wastewater/stormwater networks.  Baabda – Aley: Ghadir River is overflowing and causing damages to the population living along its bank as well as along major highways in Beirut towards Beirut Airport. A flood protection detailed design study was done and requires implementation once funds are made available.  Chouf : Works are ongoing for the construction of the wastewater networks in the coastal villages and towns of the Chouf district, connected with the wastewater treatment plant located in Nabi Younes. The wastewater treatment plant requires expansion and additional networks are still required.  Saida : The pretreatment plant in Saida and its sea outfall were completed and the first phase of the rehabilitation networks in Saida city and its suburbs were executed. Main collector lines were executed within the basin (exluding the city). Additional funds are required to upgrade the wastewater treatment plant to secondary treatment and completion of networks in the basin of the plant. Sarafand system is not yet executed but has secured funding.  Sour : The secondary treatment plant in Sour was completed and its sea outfall is under construction. The first phase of the rehabilitation networks in Sour City and its suburbs were executed. The second phase is currently ongoing. The third phase that covers the remaining part of Sour system (upper basin) requires funding. The southern part of the Sour district, i.e. Naqoura system requires also funding. B- Protection of the Water Resources: Based on the Wastewater Master Plan of 1982 (updated in 1994), basins and priority systems were identified to protect surface and ground water resources from pollution. Few inland treatments plants were constructed. All inland communities are either discharging into natural streams, hence polluting the surface water anticipated for development to meet the domestic and irrigation water requirements, or percolating into the groundwater currently used for domestic supply. Priorities for inland networks and treatment plants are given for the protection of the water resources, namely the mobilized surface waters, springs and groundwater resources. Tertiary treatment is preferable L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 76 of 131

  74. Capital Investment Programme to be able to re-use the treated effluent for irrigation. Most of the constructed plants provide tertiary treatment. Small scale networks and a limited number of local treatment plants were constructed by Donors and International NGOs, yet not properly functioning due to the lack of expertise and technical and financial capabilities of the WEs and Municipalities. The on-going construction of dams for the development of new water resources to meet the national increasing domestic supply shortages introduced new priorities for the water resources protection. In addition, the sector’s objectives need to address the addition al 1.5 million displaced Syrians (equivalent to 38% of Lebanese population) dispersed throughout the country either in hosting communities or camps. Below is a brief description of the inland systems:  Akkar region has currently 14 small inland wastewater treatment plants of service areas ranging between 27 ha and 1200 ha, and a total equivalent to only around 1.5% of the region. Other local systems are planned for the remaining villages and towns in Akkar, in particularly for Jebrayel, Beit Mellat and surrounding villages, Qobayat, Wadi Khaled, Akkar el Atika, Bireh and Mounjiz, etc. Mechmech / Fnaydeq system (LCRP) project is under preparation and requires additional funds.  Danniye: Bakhaoun (second town of the Danniye district) system is under preparation but requires additional funds. The remaining central villages and Terbol on the coast require local systems and wastewater treatment plants and some may be connected to El Aabde treatment plant planned in Akkar, in particular the villages discharging now in the Bared River upstream the planned Bared dam.  Zgharta : The upper part of Zgharta district is mainly covered by Ehden wastewater treatment plant currently under construction and by Ijbaa and Aintourine treatment plants undergoing rehabilitation.  Batroun and Koura : The upper part of Batroun district needs to be provided with collection networks to avoid wastewater discharge into the main watercourse of the planned Mseilha dam. The Ministry completed the networks of Kfar Helda system that cover some of the villages in Mseilha dam basin while the works in the wastewater treatment plant are still ongoing. Additional systems are required for Kfar Hai and Chebtine areas. The remaining parts of Batroun and Koura districts need to be covered by localized systems and wastewater treatment plants.  Bcharre: Only Bcharre town is served by a collection network and a treatment plant (under construction). The remaining clusters and villages need to be served by localized systems and treatment plants. The most important ones are Hasroun and all villages discharging into Wadi Qadisha which has historical and environmental value.  Jbeil : In upper Jbeil district, the Qartaba project was initiated. Additional funds are required for this project as well as for projects in Afqa, Aaqoura, Laqlouq and Janneh to collect and treat the wastewater currently discharged into the main watercourse of the under construction Janneh dam. Other complementary small scale systems are planned for the rest of the Jbeil district and require also funding.  Kesrouane : The plan for upper Kesrouane district is to have one system for Jeita spring protection, several systems for the mountainous villages including Hrajel and Achkout. The projects are under preparation. Hrajel project (LCRP) requires additional funds while Achkout requires entire funding.  Beirut, Metn, Baabda and Aley : A project is under preparation to cover villages of upper Metn, Baabda and Aley districts to protect the groundwater and the wells used for drinking water of Beirut; therefore funds are required for Sfaileh and Qortada systems. In upper Metn, Kfartai system discharging into the watercourse of the planned Boqaata dam is a priority for the protection of the dam and requires funding. In upper Baabda, wastewater collection systems and treatment plants are required for Bmaryam and Btibyat to protect local water wells. Other local small and large scale systems are required in upper Metn, Baabda and Aley districts and lack funding. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 77 of 131

  75. Capital Investment Programme  Chouf : Two systems were completed in Chouf: Barouk and Nabaa Safa. Both systems will contribute in the improvement of the water quality of projected dams (Damour and Azzounie). Two other systems (Ouadi Es Sitt and Ouadi Ed Deir Benouati) are also required to protect the Damour dam from pollution. Other complementary small scale systems are planned for the rest of the Chouf district and require funding.  Hermel : The main wastewater trunk lines are now constructed in Hermel. Works in collection networks, main collectors and wastewater treatment plant are under preparation. Additional funds are required for this project to make it operational.  Baalbek: Baalbek/Iaat wastewater treatment plant was constructed but is working below its capacity. Additional funds are required for the networks of Baalbek City and surrounding villages and the upgrade of the wastewater treatment plant. Current projects under preparation in Baalbek district are the construction of new wastewater treatment plants and collection networks in Laboue area, Central and North Bekaa villages within Litani Basin (Timnine Part I). Timnine Part II will cover the remaining villages within Litani Basin but yet requires funds. Qaa and Jdaide remote areas are not covered by any system. They discharge into the Assi River upstream of the planned Assi dam. Aarsal located on the border of the country is also becoming an important agglomeration with more than 17,000 persons in addition to 40,000 displaced Syrians.  Zahle and the West Bekaa : A special focus is directed towards Zahle and the West Bekaa area due to the extreme pollution of Qaraoun Lake and the Litani River requiring an urgent intervention, particularly for the projects under construction to mobilise the Litani water resources for domestic use. Villages boarding the lake have already wastewater systems and treatment plant (Machghara, Saghbine). Zahle wastewater treatment plant construction started in 2005 is completed. Site works are still underway to construct the associated collection networks. The expansion of the wastewater networks of Ablah and Furzol wastewater treatment plant is ongoing. The project of Anjar system covering Anjar and several towns and villages of West Bekaa and Zahle districts is under preparation. Another system covering North West Zahle is also under preparation. Funds are required for a system covering the Eastern part of Zahle, the expansion of networks between Saghbine and Joub Jannin and a system covering the remaining villages of West Bekaa located south Qaraoun Lake. Aitanit treatment plant is operational.  Rachaiya : The system of Rachaiya City is under construction; however, the remaining villages of Rachaiya district need to be served as well to mitigate the pollution of the water resources.  Jezzine: A project is planned for wastewater systems in Jezzine and surrounding villages for the protection of the planned Bisri dam. Additional funds are required to cover the remaining villages of Jezzine district.  Marjaayoun : The project of Marjaayoun system including one wastewater treatment plant is under preparation. Two projects in Hasbaiya district are under preparation: the project of Arqub and the project of Hasbaiya system. The latter requires additional funding.  Nabatiye district: site works of three treatment stations and associated networks in Yohmor, Kfar Sir and Zoutor discharging into Litani were recently completed. The treatment plant in Nabatiye town was completed as well as part of the collection networks of Part I (Western part of Nabatiye). Funds are required to complete the collection network of the Eastern part of the Nabatiye system and for the system of Jbaa and neighboring areas.  Bint Jbeil : Tebnine system is almost completed in Bint Jbeil district. Funds are required for the remaining systems planned for the district: Bint Jbeil, Kafra and Chakra. C- Emergency Projects Related Directly to the Impacts of the Syrian Crisis (LCRP): Those projects are mainly related to small scale in terventions by Donors and NGO’s in the Refugee Camps. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 78 of 131

  76. Capital Investment Programme Impacts of the Syrian Crisis on the Wastewater Sector The Syrians distribution in Lebanon towns and villages is not even, border areas in North and Bekaa as well as large cities are the mostly affected areas, thus the existing infrastructure of wastewater is completely overloaded and public is endangered as sewerage systems are still missing in most of the rural settlement areas. In the cities, where the average connection rate to networks is estimated to 30%, the sudden increase in population contributes to an increased pressure on wastewater disposal, both on sewerage systems and wastewater treatment. Given the lack of accurate data, it is difficult to determine the fate of the incremental wastewater generated by the displaced Syrians in the various Lebanese regions 3 . Since a limited percent of the wastewater generated at the national level is treated and the remaining is untreated and discharged into open lands or in watercourses, it is expected that similar trends would apply to the wastewater generated by the displaced Syrians. However, assuming an average water consumption 100l/c/d for the displaced, the expected corresponding wastewater generation is about 120,000 m 3 /day. Releases of wastewater in water bodies have several environmental, ecological and health impacts, as well as restrictions on drinking water consumption. Moreover important groundwater resources such in the North and Bekaa are endangered by pollution from the unregulated wastewater discharge in particular in camps and the increased extraction from water wells. Existing Programme and Strategies The Government of Lebanon embarked since 1992 on the following wastewater development strategies:  Execution of urgent repairs and renovations of the existing wastewater networks and pumping stations, and tackling the new challenges faced.  Continuing the completion of unfinished projects that were interrupted involuntarily, and expanding and rehabilitating networks according to needs.  Launching two programs aimed at protecting the Lebanese coasts and water resources from pollution. Moreover, t he Ministry of Energy and Water issued in 2010 the National Water Sector Strategy, putting on track the surface water resources management plan, specifically the construction of the dams to meet water shortages and hence giving higher priorities for the protection of the additional water resources under development. The objective of protecting the national water resources and the Mediterranean Sea requires strengthening the wastewater sector, including the provision of reliable wastewater collection systems, expanding the collection networks, upgrading existing wastewater treatment plans, construction of new plants, and upscaling the administrative, management and operation and maintenance structures. The 2010 wastewater sector strategy issued by the Ministry of Energy and Water strategy in 2012 fixed the objective to treat all wastewater according to national standards, and where economic, to reuse treated wastewater. Cost recovery will be based on the “polluter pays” principle. The strategy provides five strategic initiatives: 1- An integrated and prioritized investment program, to rapidly increase wastewater collection, treatment and reuse rates. 2- Legal, regulatory and policy measures to set and regulate national standards for wastewater treatment and reuse. 3 According to the study “Lebanon Environmental Assessment of the Syrian Conflict and Priority Interventions (MoE, EU and UNDP, 2014), wastewater generation have increased between 8 and 14 percent since 2011, challenging a system that only treats 8 percent of its sewage. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 79 of 131

  77. Capital Investment Programme 3- Institutional measures to define responsibilities and to create capacity for service delivery. 4- Financial measures for viability and affordable services. 5- Private sector participation in the wastewater sector. The Lebanese Government approved one Programming Law (law 63 – 27/10/2016) to address water pollution in the Litani River Basin. The law approves financing specific projects in wastewater and solid waste sectors to be implemented in the coming 7 years. Total budget is 1100 billion Lebanese pounds. The projects are listed in Table 4-2. Table 4-2: List of Projects included in the Programming Law 63 of 27/10/2016 Budget Budget Project Name (Billion LBP) (Million USD) Expansion of Iaat Treatment Plant and related networks in Baalbek Caza 10 6.7 Wastewater collection networks and treatment plants in North Bekaa 98 65.3 Wastewater collection networks and treatment plant in the Eastern part of Zahle 52 34.7 Expansion of wastewater collection networks within Zahle city 17 11.3 Wastewater collection networks and treatment plants in the South of Central Bekaa 125 83.3 Expansion of the networks in the Qaraoun Lake region (West Bekaa) 6 4.0 Sour 2 (Remaining part of the coast of Sour city and internal and rural areas) 135 90.0 Halloussie (Halloussiye, Hmairi, Halloussiye el Fawqa) 11.25 7.5 Srifa (Srifa, Bafliyé, Kalaat Maroun, Neftakhiyé, Niha and Deir Kifa) 18 12.0 Ouadi Slouqi (Froun, El-Qoussair, Mazraat Azzi, Ghandouriyet, Qantara, Deir Siriane, Aadchit, Taybet, Aadayssé, Rabb Et-Tlatine, Ouadi Slouqi, Talloussa, Kabrikha, Bany haiyane, Borj qalaouiyé, Touline, Khirbet Selm, Jmaijmé, Majdel Selm, Markaba) 79.5 53.0 Deir Mimas (Deir Mimas, Houra and Kfar Kila) 12 8.0 Sarafund (Coastal part between Qasmiye river in the south and Zahrani river in the north, up to to Zrariye, Insar, En Nmaïrîyé and Deïr ez Zahrâni) 157.5 105.0 Braiqea (Braiqea, Qsaibet, Qaaqaaiyet Ej-Jisr, Jaouharie, Kfar Djal, Aadchit, Mayfadoun, Choukine, Jibchit, Harouf and Aabba 52.5 35.0 Nabatiye Part II (Kfar Jaouz, Zibdine, Kfar Roummane, El Midane, Nabatiye el Faouqa, Nabatiye el Tahta, El Bayad, Es Serail, El Aaqide, Kfar Tibnit, Aali et Taher and El Manzale) 72 48.0 Nabaa el Tasseh (Mazraat Biyad, Houmine el Faouqa, Jarjouaa, Aarab Salim, El Louaize, Mlikh, Aaramta and Kfar Houne) 42 28.0 El Aaichiyeh - Rayhan (Rayhan, Sejoud, Nabi Sejoud and El Aaichiyeh) 9 6.0 Zilaya (Zilaya, Qelaya, Aain Et-Tiné, Yohmor, Sohmor, Libbaya, Maydoun and Dellafi) 23.25 15.5 Other 180 120 Total 1100 733.4 L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 80 of 131

  78. Capital Investment Programme Following is a brief listing of the on-going / recently completed projects. Table 4-3 presents the budget spent by the Ministry of Energy and Water on upgrading and expansion of wastewater networks during the last five years (2012-2016). It is around 42 million USD. The aggregate value of wastewater projects implemented between 1992 and 2015 by the Government is around 675 million USD excluding land acquisition (CDR, 2015 Progress Report). Table 4-3: Ministry ’s Expenditure on Wastewater Networks (2012 – 2016) Total Region MUSD North Lebanon 34 Mount Lebanon 2.2 South Lebanon 4.0 Bekaa 1.8 Total 42 Table 4-4 lists the major on-going and recently completed projects, and Table 4-5 presents a brief of the projects with secured funding. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 81 of 131

  79. Capital Investment Programme Table 4-4: Listing of Major on-Going / Recently Completed Projects Budget Project MUSD A - Protection of the Lebanese Coast / Mediterranean Sea Koura : Construction of wastewater collection network and house connections in 18 coastal and middle areas (Phase 1) Batroun : Construction of wastewater collection network 21.8 Batroun/Koura : Construction of wastewater collection network within Chekka 19.1 treatment plant service area Jbeil : Expansion of wastewater collection network of the coastal area 22.4 Kesrouane : Construction of 2 sewage treatment plants in Adma and Zouk and 190 collection networks in coastal basin Metn : Construction of wastewater collection network of coastal area 24 Beirut : Rehabilitation of Beirut infrastructure selected sections 40 Beirut: Construction of sea outfall at Beirut Fish Port 1.8 Baabda : Wastewater collection networks in coastal area (including Carlton – ElGhadir 23.5 – Naame collector line; Damour – El Ghadir collector line) Aley : Expansion of wastewater collection networks in Shahar area (middle Ghadir 14.5 basin) Aley and Baabda : Expansion of wastewater collection network within Ghadir basin. 16.3 Chouf : Completion of sewage treatment plant and collection networks of coastal areas 18.6 and upper basin within Nabi Younes basin Sour : Construction of sewage treatment plant, sea outfall and wastewater collection 112 network of coastal areas of Sour (Phases 1 & 2) B - Protection of Water Resources Bcharre : Construction of Bcharre treatment plant and upgrading wastewater networks 4.6 + 11.2 (part) Zgharta: Construction of Ehden treatment plant and rehabilitation of Ijbaa and 16.5 Aintourine treatment plants Batroun: Construction of sewage treatment plant and collection network covering the 26.7 villages within Kfar Helda system (MoEW) Jbeil: Construction of sewage treatment plant and collection network in Qartaba 4 Kesrouane : Construction of Hrajel sewage treatment plant and collection networks for 19 the protection of Jeita Spring (phases 1, 2 & 3) Metn : Construction of sewage treatment plant of Khenchara 7.8 Chouf : Completion of sewage treatment plants and collection networks in Safa, Barouk, Kfar Qatra, Freidis, Ain Zhalta. Rehabilitation of treatment plants in Jdeidet El 43.1 Chouf, Ainbal and Gharifeh Hasbaiya : Construction of sewage treatment plants, and wastewater collection 15.4 networks for Yohmor, Zawtar, Kfar Sir Bint Jbeil: Tebnine wastewater collection networks and treatment plant. 2.86 Baalbek : Expansion of wastewater collection networks in several villages 9.3 L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 82 of 131

  80. Capital Investment Programme Table 4-5: Listing of the Projects with Partially or Fully Secured Funding Budget Project MUSD A - Protection of the Lebanese Coast / Mediterranean Sea Akkar : Completion of Aabde wastewater collection networks, sea outfall and treatment 40 system (coastal basin Lot 1 & 2 and Phase1) Tripoli : Completion of wastewater collection system in Tripoli-Mina 5 Koura : Construction of main collectors in Wadi Hab, Wadi Nakhle and Bohsas - 11 Qalamoun Baabda/Beirut : Expansion of Ghadir sewage treatment plant 84.6 Baabda/Beirut : Extension and upgrading of collection networks within Ghadir 86** wastewater treatment plant drainage basin Metn/Beirut : Construction of sewage treatment plant (Daoura) in North Beirut and wastewater collection networks in coastal and middle basins up to elevation 800m in 71 North Beirut basin Saida : Completion of wastewater collection network in Dekerman area, coastal Zahrani area and sewage treatment plant, sea outfall and wastewater collection 76.5 networks of Sarafand area B - Protection of Water Resources Akkar : Completion of Meshmesh wastewater collection networks and treatment 13** system Kesrouane: Construction of Hrajel System 18** Kesrouane: Jeita Protection Plan 20** Chouf: Sewage treatment plant and collection networks of Beiteddine – Deir Al Qamar 50 Jezzine / Chouf : Sewage treatment plant and collection networks of Jezzine area for 25 the protection of Bisri Dam Hasbaiya : Sewage treatment plant, and wastewater collection networks of Arkoub 30** area and Hasbaiya and neighborhood Marjaayoun : Sewage treatment plants and collection networks for Marjaayoun and 47.6 Khiam Bint Jbeil : Sewage treatment plant of Bin Jbeil and expansion of wastewater collection 19.3** networks of Bint Jbeil casa Hermel: Sewage treatment plant and wastewater collection networks of Hermel and 21.9** neighborhood Baalbek : Sewage treatment plants and wastewater collection networks of Laboue, - 65 Ras Al Ain & neighborhood and Central and northern Litani basin (Timnine I) Zahle: Completion of Part I of wastewater networks and treatment plant in south 30.9 Central Bekaa for Anjar – Majdal Anjar and neighbourhood Zahle : Completion of wastewater collection networks of Zahle 26 Zahle : Construction of sewage treatment plant and part of the associated networks – 24 Part II (West Zahle) Zahle: Expansion and rehabilitation of collection networks in Ablah and El Forzol area 3.5 Rachaiya : Expansion of wastewater collection networks of Rachaiya 15** (*) Partial funds are available. (**) Additional funds are required L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 83 of 131

  81. Capital Investment Programme Development Vision Introduction The Water Sector Strategy adopted by the Ministry of Energy and Water in 2010 aims at providing access to adequate water resources to improve the social and economic wellbeing of the population. This requires focusing on the implementation of the wastewater development program, including adequate operation of the already constructed coastal and inland treatment plants, and providing adequate wastewater systems to all communities where raw wastewater is being discharged into water streams or ground water and primarily where the current disposal systems have a high risk of potential outbreaks of waterborne diseases. The main investment projects needed in the wastewater sector can be grouped into six categories as below: 1. Completion of on-going wastewater projects; 2. Protection of planned dams; 3. Protection of major surface and groundwater resources; 4. Upgrade of the coastal treatment plants for secondary treatment and Expansion of existing wastewater treatment plants to meet future demand (2040); 5. Upgrade of the collection networks in Beirut and its neighbourhoods. 6. Completion of small scale works (municipal levels). Development Criteria The criteria adopted for the selection and prioritization of the wastewater sector projects are as follows:  Recover the health, environmental, social and economic wellbeing.  Enhance the benefit from the CAPEX already invested in the construction of the treatment plants and collection networks.  Optimize the investment per capita and consider areas with high numbers of Syrian displaced.  Mitigate and prevent pollution of surface water resources mobilized to meet water shortages. The Bisri-Beirut water conveyor system is based on mobilizing the Litani River / Qaraoun lake water resources to supply Greater Beirut and the dams currently under construction or scheduled for construction in the near future are Qaysamani, Janneh, Mseilha, Balaa, Boqaata, Bared, Kfar sir, Assi, Damour and Bisri dams / lakes. Lebanon Crisis Response Plan Funding required under the Lebanon Crisis Response Plan (LCRP) covers emergency wastewater management at the national scale including provision of septic or holding tanks, collection networks, desludging as well as small scale wastewater treatment plants. The budget for this plan is estimated at US$ 280 million per year over 2 years for the water and wastewater sector. Capital Investment Programme The proposed Development Programme includes the following projects grouped into six categories according to the sector development vision. The projects were evaluated according to the Development Criteria listed above and accordingly prioritized into three implementation cycles as per the below Table 4-6 and Table 4-7, and illustrated in the map shown on the below Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2. Other projects are needed for Lebanon but they are considered for future implementation and therefore not presented here.  Completion of On-Going Wastewater Projects: It consists of completing networks to cover the service area of existing or under construction plants, including as priorities the following: L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 84 of 131

  82. Capital Investment Programme - Wastewater networks within the drainage area of El Aabde wastewater treatment plant within Akkar district in North Lebanon. - Wastewater networks and main collectors within the drainage area of Tripoli wastewater treatment plant in Dannieh, Zgharta, Koura and Tripoli districts in North Lebanon. - Wastewater network and main collector of Madfoun system within the drainage area of Batroun wastewater treatment plant in Batroun district in North Lebanon. - Wastewater networks within the drainage area of Jbeil wastewater treatment plant within Jbeil district in Mount Lebanon. - Halat and Nahr Ibrahim wastewater networks (Jbeil district) to be connected to either the existing wastewater treatment plant in Jbeil or the planned one in Adma (Kesrouane district) in Mount Lebanon. - Additional funds for the already initiated wastewater systems of Mechmech (Akkar district – North Lebanon) and Hrajel (Kesrouane district – Mount Lebanon). - Completion of the wastewater networks in coastal Chouf within the Nabi Younes wastewater treatment plant (Chouf district) in Mount Lebanon. - Completion of Saida networks and Jbaa wastewater system within the drainage area of Saida wastewater treatment plant (Saida district) in South Lebanon. - Completion of Sour networks system (Sour III) within the drainage area of Sour treatment plant and also considered part of the protection plan for Litani river against pollution (Programming Law 63 for Litani). - Completion of Nabatiye wastewater networks (Nabatiye II or East Nabatiye project) within the drainage area of Nabatiye treatment plant and also considered part of the protection plan for Litani River against pollution (Programming Law 63 for Litani). - Additional funds for Bint Jbeil wastewater system to complete the project. - Additional funds for Hasbaiya wastewater system project aiming also at the protection of Hasbani River. - Additional funds for Hermel system (Hermel district) in Baalbek – Hermel also located within the basin of the planned Assi dam. - Completion of Baalbek networks within the drainage area of Iaat (Baalbek) wastewater treatment plant.  Protection of Dam Basins and Related Natural Watercourses: The following systems are proposed to avoid the discharge of wastewater effluents into the watercourses of selected dams: - Ajed Ebrine (Koura district), Kfarhai and Chebtine systems (Batroun district) in North Lebanon within the basin of Mseilha dam. - Qartaba, Aaqoura, Laqlouq and Afqa wastewater system in Mount Lebanon within the basin of Janneh dam (Jbeil district). - Bakhoun and other small systems (Minieh and Dannieh district) and Qabaait (Akkar district) in North Lebanon within the basin of Bared dam. - Kfartai system upstream of the Boqaata dam; - Ouadi Slouqi and Deir Mimas wastewater systems (Marjaayoun district); Halloussieh and Srifa wastewater systems (Sour district) in Nabatiye – South Lebanon within the basin Kfar Sir dam, as well as for the protection of Qasmiye river (Litani basin) used for irrigation of coastal lands (Programming Law 63 for Litani). - Bajjaje system, Qaa and Jdeide wastewater systems (Baalbek district) in Baalbek – Hermel within the basin of Assi dams. - Aley Zone 7 (Gharb and Chahhar), Aley Zone 8 (Jurd Region) and Aley Zone 9 (Fouara / Wadi Es Sit) projects (Aley and Chouf districts) within the basin of Damour dam.  Protection of Major Surface and Groundwater Resources: For the purpose of protecting surface and groundwater resources from wastewater pollution, the following systems are proposed: L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 85 of 131

  83. Capital Investment Programme - 25 localized systems in Akkar rural areas to protect the groundwater ressources and El Qatlabe lake in Akkar. - Qobaiyat and surrounding villages, and Akkar El Aatiqa wastewater systems (Akkar districit) in North Lebanon to protect the groundwater resources as well as the surface water used downstream for the irrigation of Akkar plain. - Aachkout wastewater system and additional funds for Jeita system for the protection of Jeita groundwater ressources. - Sfaileh and Qortada wastewater systems in Mount Lebanon (Metn district) to avoid the pollution of Ain el Delbe water sources of Beirut. - Bmaryam and Btibyat systems in Mount Lebanon (Baabda district) for the protection of natural streams. - Aley Zone 7 (Gharb and Chahhar), Aley Zone 8 (Jurd Region) and Aley Zone 9 (Fouara / Wadi Es Sit) projects (Aley and Chouf districts). - Nabaa el Tasseh wastewater system (Nabatiye / Jezzine districts) for the protection of Nabaa el Tasseh which is a major water spring supplying water to Saida, also included in the protection plan for Litani river against pollution (Programming law 63 of Litani). - Braiqea wastewater system in Nabatiye considered part of the protection plan for Litani river against pollution (Programming law 63 of Litani). - Zilaya (also known as Sohmor and Yohmor and surrounding villages) wastewater systems, Timnine II wastewater system (Baalbek district) and Eastern Zahle wastewater system (Zahle district) in Bekaa plain. Those systems will protect the Litani and Qaraoun lake from pollution (Programming law 63 of Litani). - Rachaiya wastewater system in Bekaa to avoid the pollution of water ressources and eventually the planned dams and lakes in the region.  Upgrade of Wastewater Treatment Plants: - The Chekka, Batroun, Jbeil, Nabi Younes, Nabatiye and Iaat (Baalbek) treatment plants require studies and expansion to cover the current and projected population demands. - Upgrade of Daoura (Burj Hammoud), El Ghadir and Saida treatment plants from preliminary treatment to secondary treatment.  Upgrade of Beirut and Neighborhoods Collection Networks: - The old collection networks of the Beirut city and its neighbourhoods need to be replaced and upgraded to separate rainwater from sewage. - Upgrading of wastewater networks within El Ghadir wastewater treatment plant service area and protection of communities on Ghadir banks from overflow of stormwater and wastewater (Baabda – Aley districts) in Mount Lebanon. - Flood protection system within El Ghadir basin.  Small localized projects to complete and rehabilitate existing systems: - Budget will be allocated to Water Establishments for the implementation of wastewater projects including rehabilitation of existing systems, small connections, etc. Table 4-6 and Table 4-7 list the proposed projects, their description, the estimated investment cost, their readiness for construction and their priorities. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 86 of 131

  84. Capital Investment Programme Municipalities and Governorates Requirements The consultation conducted by the Prime Minister Technical Committee with all Mohafazats between February and May 2017, development projects proposed by municipalities and villages were collected. It is to be noted that: - The requests were not homogeneous. Some districts (cazas) were very brief list a general statement of the requirement, while others were detailed. - The number of requests per district is not representative of the extent of the requirement. In some cases, each village mentioned the requirement for a wastewater system, while in other cases the demands were submitted for a group of villages consisting a Union. - The demands do not describe the geographic extent of the projects and only some requests included a cost estimate of the proposed projects. The demands can be grouped into the following categories: - Completion of wastewater systems, either by additional networks or a local wastewater treatment plant. - New wastewater systems. - Rehabilitation of existing systems (mainly in Beirut - Mount Lebanon). Most of the demands of completion of systems and new wastewater systems are addressed by the CIP proposed projects. Other fall within ongoing or under preparation projects. Finally, the third category are related to local demands (e.g. extension of networks along short distances). The local demands as well as small scale rehabilitation projects are categorized as short to medium term projects. They could be tackled by the proposed CIP project WW78 (Localized projects to complete or rehabilitate existing systems). L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 87 of 131

  85. Capital Investment Programme Figure 4-1: Wastewater Projects Status L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 88 of 131

  86. Capital Investment Programme Figure 4-2: Wastewater Priority Projects L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 89 of 131

  87. Capital Investment Programme Table 4-6: Wastewater Capital Investment Projects - Cycles 1 and 2 Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days A Protection of Mediterranean Sea Completion of missing networks WW01 and collectors within Tripoli North Lebanon WWTP Service Area Detailed Design of the Tripoli 1-km Link of the main collector North Lebanon Capitalising on existing WW01a Wastewater networks 5 networks completed and ready for 2 3 0.1 5 1 Bohsas - Maarad (Tripoli) Tripoli WWTP. tendering. Detailed Design of the Tripoli North Lebanon Capitalising on existing WW01b Qalamoun villages WW networks Wastewater networks 5 networks completed and ready for 2 3 0.1 5 1 (Tripoli) Tripoli WWTP. tendering. Wastewater networks in the coastal Master plan done. Main collector Capitalising on existing North Lebanon WW01c and central villages and towns of Wastewater networks 20 3 constructed. Detailed design is 2 Tripoli WWTP, protection of 3 0.5 5 1 (Koura) Koura - Phase II required. groundwater resources. Capitalising on existing North Lebanon Master plan done. Detailed design is Tripoli WWTP, protection of WW01d Zgharta Wastewater networks Wastewater networks 30 1 3 1 4 1 (Zgharta) required. groundwater resources, protection of Iaal Dam. Capitalising on existing Wastewater networks for coastal North Lebanon Master plan done. Detailed design is WW01e Wastewater networks 19 1 Tripoli WWTP, protection of 3 0.4 5 1 part of Minie - Danniye District (Minie -Danniye) required. groundwater resources. Master plan done. Detailed design is Capitalising on existing Wastewater networks for villages in North Lebanon WW01f Wastewater networks 20 required. Feasibility depends on the 1 Tripoli WWTP, protection of 3 0.4 4 2 the center of Danniye (Minie -Danniye) Zgharta system construction. groundwater resources. Protection of Bared Dam North Lebanon Wastewater treatment plant and WW02 Bakhoun WWTP and networks 25 Master Plan. 1 water resources, protection 3 0.5 4 2 (Minie - Danniye) networks of groundwater resources. Akkar (Akkar) and Protection of Bared Dam Qabaait system and Remaining Wastewater treatment plants and Master plan done. Detailed design is WW03 North Lebanon 62 1 water resources, protection 3 1.25 4 2 small systems in Minie - Danniye networks required. (Minie - Danniye) of groundwater resources. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 90 of 131

  88. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Capitalising on under Construction of the WWTP & Phase preparation El Abde WWTP Completion of wastewater 1 networks will be launched soon. in Akkar, protection of WW04 networks within El Aabde WWTP Akkar (Akkar) Wastewater networks 60 1 Detailed design and tender 1 3 1 4 2 groundwater resources, and Service Area documents are required for phases 2 mitigation of seawater and 3. pollution. Feasibility completed. Detailed Construction of small scale 25 Wastewater treatment plants and Protection of groundwater WW06 Akkar (Akkar) 25 5 design and tender documents are 1 3 0.5 4 2 Wastewater Systems in Akkar networks resources. required. Capitalising on existing Completion of wastewater Feasibility completed. Detailed WWTP in Jbeil and tourist Mount Lebanon WW07 networks within Jbeil WWTP Wastewater networks 40 design and tender documents are 1 coastal development and 3 0.8 4 2 (Jbeil) Service Area required. protection of archeological and historic sites. Networks for Halat and Nahr Mount Lebanon Feasibility is completed. Detailed Capitalising on Jbeil or WW08 Wastewater networks 9.1 2 2 0.2 4 2 Ibrahim (Jbeil) design is required. Kesrouane WWTPs. Study required to update the current Capitalising on the project Upgrade of Daoura wastewater Mount Lebanon WW09 Upgrade of the treatment plant 300 design from preliminary to secondary 1 under preparation for Daoura 3 7 4 1 treatment plant (Metn) as per Barcelona convention. WWTP Improve hygienic conditions Feasibility is completed. Survey and WW10 Beirut wastewater systems Beirut Collection networks 50 2 and operating efficiency of 3 1 5 1 detailed design is required. wastewater treatment plants. Protection against the flood Mount Lebanon WW11 Ghadir Flood Protection Small dams and river banks protection. 30 Ready for tendering. 3 of major highways, 3 0.6 6 1 (Baabda Aley) protection of population Treatment plant upgrade to preliminary ongoing. Study required Upgrade of Ghadir wastewater Mount Lebanon Capitalising on the ongoing WW12 Upgrade of the treatment plant 200 to update the current design from 0 3 5 3 2 treatment plant (Aley) project for Ghadir WWTP preliminary to secondary as per Barcelona convention. Extension and upgrading of Mount Lebanon Feasibility is available. Detailed Capitalising on existing collection networks within Ghadir WW13 (Beirut, Aley, Collection networks 25 Design and Tender Documents are 1 Ghadir WWTP, protection of 3 0.5 4 2 wastewater treatment plant Baabda & Chouf) required. groundwater resources drainage basin (Partial funds) Expansion of sewer networks for Mount Lebanon Capitalising on existing Nabi WW14 Collection networks 40 Master plan done. Partial studies. 1 3 0.8 4 2 coastal Chouf (Chouf) Younes WWTP. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 91 of 131

  89. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Upgrade of Saida WWTP Upgrade of Saida wastewater South Lebanon from preliminary to WW15 Upgrade of the treatment plant 55 Master Plan done. 1 3 1 4 2 treatment plant (Saida) secondary as per Barcelona convention. Protection of groundwater Completion of wastewater South Lebanon WW16 Collection networks 25 Ready for tendering. 2 resources, springs, surface 3 0.5 5 1 networks in Saida (Saida) water used for irrigation. Capitalising on existing Sour WWTP, protection of South Lebanon Master Plan done. Studies under WW17 Sour Phase III Collection networks 50 2 groundwater resources, 3 1 5 1 (Sour) preparation. springs, surface water used for irrigation. WW18 Expansion of existing WWTP Lebanon Capitalising on existing North Lebanon Expansion of existing wastewater WW18a Chekka WWTP Expansion 20 Studies are required. 0 WWTP Chekka and tourist 3 0.4 3 2 (Batroun) treatment coastal developments. Capitalising on existing North Lebanon Expansion of existing wastewater WW18b Batroun WWTP Expansion 20 Studies are required. 0 WWTP Batroun and tourist 3 0.4 3 2 (Batroun) treatment coastal developments. Capitalising on existing Jbeil Mount Lebanon Expansion of existing wastewater WW18c Jbeil WWTP Extension 20 Studies are required. 0 WWTP and tourist coastal 3 0.4 3 2 (Jbeil) treatment developments. Capitalising on Nabi Younes Mount Lebanon Expansion of existing wastewater WW18d Nabi Younes - WWTP Expansion 20 Studies are required. 0 existing WWTP and tourist 3 0.4 3 1 (Chouf) treatment coastal developments. B Protection of Water Resources Tender documents available. Protection of groundwater Additional Funds for Meshmesh Wastewater treatment plant and WW19 Akkar (Akkar) 8 1 Contract agreement is pending 3 sources and protection of 3 0.25 6 1 (Fnaydeq) Wastewater System networks additional funds required. Bared dam. Wastewater systems upstream WW20 of the underconstruction North Lebanon Mseilha dam basin North Lebanon Wastewater treatment plant and Protection of Mseilha Dam WW20b Kfar Hay system 25 In progress Tender documents ready for tender 3 2 0.5 5 1 (Batroun) networks water resources. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 92 of 131

  90. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days North Lebanon Wastewater treatment plant and Protection of Mseilha Dam WW20c Chebtine system 15 In progress Tender documents ready for tender 3 2 0.3 5 1 (Batroun) networks water resources. Qartaba network phase 1 under construction. Additional funds Qartaba, Aqoura and Afqa Mount Lebanon Wastewater treatment plants and Protection of Janneh Dam WW22 20 5 required for part 2. Design of Aqoura 1 3 0.4 4 1 wastewater systems (Jbeil) networks water resources. and Afqa systems will be completed in the coming months. Protection of surface Tender documents available. groundwater sources to Additional Funds for Hrajel Mount Lebanon Wastewater treatment plant and WW31 20 2 Contract agreement is pending 3 (Jeita), capaitalising on a 2 0.4 5 1 Wastewater System (Kesrouane) networks additional funds required. major tourist area and winter sports. Protection of surface groundwater sources from Mount Lebanon Wastewater treatment plant and pollution (Jeita) and WW32 Aachqout system 20.5 Master plan done. 1 3 0.4 4 2 (Kesrouane) networks capaitalising on a major tourist area and winter sports. Providing dirinking water to Beirut. Protection of Mount Lebanon Wastewater treatment plant and Additional funds are required. Design groundwater sources and WW34 Additional funds for Jeita system 15 2 3 0.3 5 1 (Kesrouane) networks under preparation capaitalising on a major tourist area and winter sports. Mount Lebanon Wastewater treatment plant and WW35 Kfartai Wastewater System (Metn / 6.5 Master Plan. 1 Protection of Boqaata dam. 2 0.15 3 2 networks Kesrouane) Protection of surface and Sfaieh and Qortada (Zandouqa) Mount Lebanon 2 Wastewater treatment plants and WW40 67.63 6.6 Ready for tendering. 2 groundwater sources from 2 1.5 4 1 Wastewater Systems (Metn & Baabda) networks pollution. Bmaryam - Btibyat and Hammana Mount Lebanon Wastewater treatment plants and WW41 28.11 4.85 Design done. 2 Protection of local wells. 3 0.7 5 1 Wastewater Systems (Baabda) networks Mount Lebanon Treatment plants and collection Protection of water WW47 Aley Zone 7 (Gharb and Chahhar) 66 3.2 ESIA 1 3 1.5 4 1 (Aley - Chouf) networks ressources Aley Zone 8 (Jurd Region) and Mount Lebanon Treatment plants and collection Protection of water WW48 Zone 9 (Fouara /Ouadi Es Sitt) 83 3.5 Feasibility Study 1 2 1.5 3 1 (Aley - Chouf) networks ressources Systems L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 93 of 131

  91. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Capitalising on planned Sarafand WWTP, protection South Lebanon WW58 Halloussieh Wastewater System Networks 6 1.5 Master plan. Studies are required. 1 of Kfar Sir dam and Qasmiye 3 0.1 4 2 (Sour) river used for irrigation of coastal lands. Capitalising on existing Sour South Lebanon WWTP, protection of Kfar Sir WW59 Srifa Wastewater System Networks 8 Master plan. Studies are required. 1 3 0.15 4 2 (Sour) dam and Qasmiye river used for irrigation of coastal lands. Nabatiye - South Portection of Jarjou Lake and Nabaa el Tasseh Wastewater Lebanon a major water spring (Nabaa WW60 Treatment plant and networks 18 Preliminary studies. 1 3 0.35 4 2 System (Jezzine) Et Tasse) supplying water for and Nabatiye) Saida and Nabatiye. Capitalising on existing Saida WWTP, protection of Nabatiye WW61 Jbaa Wastewater System Collection networks 7.5 Ready for tendering. 2 groundwater resources, 2 0.15 4 1 (Nabatiye) springs, surface water used for irrigation. Nabatiye Protection of groundwater WW62 Braiqaa Wastewater System Treatment plant and networks 26 Master plan. 1 3 0.6 4 2 (Nabatiye) resources, surface water. Capitalising on Nabatiye Nabatiye Part II (East Nabatiye) Nabatiye Master plan. Design under WWTP and protection of WW63 Networks 50 2 3 1 5 2 Wastewater System (Nabatiye) preparation. groundwater and surface water. Expansion of Nabatiye Wastewater Nabatiye Capitalising on existing WW64 Expansion of treatment plant 20 No studies 0 3 0.4 3 2 Treatment Plant (Nabatiye) Nabatiye WWTP. Additional funds for Hasbaiya Nabatiye Project under preparation requiring WW65 Treatment plant and networks 27.67 0.48 3 Protection of Hasbani River 2 0.4 5 1 System (Hasbaiya) additional funds. Protection of Litani, Kfar Sir Nabatiye WW66 Ouadi Slouqi Wastewater System Treatment plant and networks 33 Detailed design partially done. 2 dam and Qasmiye river used 1 0.7 3 2 (Marjaayoun) for irrigation of coastal lands L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 94 of 131

  92. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Protection of Kfar Sir dam Nabatiye WW67 Deir Mimas Wastewater System Treatment plant and networks 5.5 Detailed design partially done. 2 and Qasmiye river used for 1 0.1 3 2 (Marjaayoun) irrigation of coastal lands Nabatiye (Bint Studies done. Partial funding is Protection of groundwater. WW68 Bint Jbeil Wastewater System Treatment plant and networks 32 3 1 0.6 4 1 Jbeil) required to complete the project Financial gaps. Capitalising on Hermel Additional funds for Hermel WWTP Baalbek-Hermel Studies done. Partial funding is WW69 Treatment plant and networks 27 3 WWTP and protection of Assi 3 0.6 6 1 and Networks (Hermel) required to complete the project Dam. Baalbek-Hermel WW70 Bajjaje Wastewater System Treatment plant and networks 39.5 Master plan. 1 Protection of Assi Dam. 2 0.8 3 2 (Baalbek) Qaa and Jdaide Wastewater Baalbek-Hermel WW71 Treatment plants and networks 25.7 Master plan. 1 Protection of Assi Dam. 2 0.5 3 2 System (Baalbek) Upgrade of Iaat (Baalbek) WWTP Capitalising on existing and additional networks for Baalbek-Hermel Upgrade of a treatment plant and Baalbek WWTP and WW72 11 Studies required. 0 3 0.2 3 1 Baalbek city and surrounding (Baalbek) networks protection of groundwater villages resources. Capitalising on Timnine Timnine Part II Wastewater System Baalbek & Hermel Phase 1 (including WWTP) under WWTP and protection of WW73 Networks 66 5 1 3 1.2 4 2 (Baalbek) tender stage. surface water resources (Litani). Protection of water sources Wastewater treatment plant and (Litani) from pollution, WW74 Eastern Zahle Wastewater System Bekaa (Zahle) 45 5 Feasibility completed. 1 3 0.9 4 1 networks protection of groundwater ressources. Bekaa (West Wastewater Systems for Sohmor, Bekaa) / 3 Wastewater treatment plants and Protection of Litani river and WW75 Yohmor, Zilaya, Es Srayri and Nabatiye 17.61 0.13 Master Plan. Feasibility. 1 2 0.35 3 2 networks Bisri and Khardale dams. surrounding villages (Hasbaiya) / South (Jezzine) Expansion of wastewater collection Bekaa (West WW76 Networks 27 Master Plan. Studies are done. 2 Protection of Litani river. 2 0.6 4 1 networks of West Bekaa (Phase 2) Bekaa) L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 95 of 131

  93. Capital Investment Programme Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days Protection of Ibl Es Saqi Dam Wastewater System for Rachaiya Bekaa (Rachaiya) Wastewater treatment plant and Master Plan. Additional funds are WW77 64 0.63 2 and Salaa Lake, presence of 2 1.5 4 2 villages networks required. displaced. Small Scale Muncipal Projects to C Be Handled by Water Establishments Mechanism of studies, documents WW78 Small Scale Muncipal Projects Lebanon All 250 All 1 and implementation to be defined Total Cycle 1 1,329 35 Total Cycle 2 1,027 13 Total Wastewater Cysles 1 and 2 2,404 (*) Impacts include improving hygienic conditions and social wellbeing for all projects, not repeated below. L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 96 of 131

  94. Capital Investment Programme Table 4-7: Wastewater Future Capital Investment Projects - Cycle 3 Generated Estimated Cost (MUSD) Employment Priority Implementation Ref Project Region Description Status Impact* Score Cycle Land Million Labour- Investment Expropriation Days A Protection of Mediterranean Sea Capitalize on Batroun North Lebanon WWTP once extended. WW79 Madfoun System Main collector and networks 20 Master Plan. 1 2 0.5 3 3 (Batroun) Protection of sea and groundwater resources Protection of surface water Construction of wastewater Wastewater treatment plants and Master plan done. Detailed design is used for irrigation in Akkar WW05 systems for Akkar El Atika, Akkar (Akkar) 25 1 2 0.5 3 3 networks required. plain and protection of Qobaiyat and surrounding villages groundwater resources B Protection of Water Resources Wastewater systems upstream WW20 of the underconstruction North Lebanon Mseilha dam basin Protection of groundwater North Lebanon Wastewater treatment plants and Master plan done. Detailed design is WW20a Ajed Ebrine system 4.5 1 resources, protection of 2 0.1 3 3 (Koura) networks required. Mseilha Dam. Small systems to protect Qadisha North Lebanon Master plan. Feasibility still not Protection of Qadisha valley WW21 Treatment plants and networks. 50.25 1 2 1 3 3 Valley (Bcharre) ready. and groundwater resources. Mount Lebanon Wastewater treatment plant and Protection of groundwater WW23 Bchille system 5 Master Plan. 1 1 0.1 2 3 (Jbeil) networks resources Mount Lebanon Wastewater treatment plant and Protection of groundwater WW24 Aabaydat system 11 Master Plan. 1 1 0.2 2 3 (Jbeil) networks resources Mount Lebanon Wastewater treatment plant and Protection of groundwater WW25 Tartij Small Local Station 1.5 Master Plan. 1 1 0.03 2 3 (Jbeil) networks resources Mount Lebanon Wastewater treatment plant and Protection of groundwater WW26 Aalmat system 12 Master Plan. 1 1 0.25 2 3 (Jbeil) networks resources L17023-0100D-RPT-PM-01 REV 6 Page 97 of 131

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