CORRUPTION IN ARMENIA CRR RRC ARMENIA 21 February, 2020 Yerevan, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
PUBLIC OPINION HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ON CORRUPTION IN ARMENIA CRR RRC ARMENIA 21 February, 2020 Yerevan, Armenia CONTENT PERCEPTION OF THE CURRENT SITUATION OF ARMENIA PERCEPTION OF THE EXPANSION AND TRENDS OF CORRUPTION PERSONAL
21 February, 2020 Yerevan, Armenia
PERCEPTION OF THE CURRENT SITUATION OF ARMENIA PERCEPTION OF THE EXPANSION AND TRENDS OF CORRUPTION PERSONAL EXPERIENCE AND BEHAVIOR WHILE FACING INSTANCES OF CORRUPTION ANTI-CORRUPTION ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN BY STATE INSTITUTIONS AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS: AWARENESS AND TRUST PERCEPTION OF GOVERNMENT ANTI-CORRUPTION ACTIVITIES DEMOGRAPHICS
The aim of
arch was to to study dy:
Armenia
The The ob
ject ctive ive of
he pr projec
about public perceptions regarding corruption in
to improve public administration and the development of anti-corruption policies and programs. Ti Time meframe frame and nd met ethod hod of
he su survey vey: Data was collected though face to face interviews from October to November 2019. Sampli pling ng: RA RA residents dents 18 18 years old and older (95% confidence interval 2.5% margin of error)։
Note: Weighted data are presented, generally % of total.
(clo losed-end nded questio ion, n, % of total, l, N=150 1500)
How interested are you in matters of politics and government?
18.2 35.6 35.6 24.1 22.1 22.1 Very in interested So Somewha hat in interested Not Not too in interested Not Not at a all ll in interested
Self-estimation of public activities within the past year and a half
(clo losed-end nded questio ion, n, % of total, l, N=150 1500) 17 17 13 13 8 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 25 25 26 26 12 12 6 6 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 2 24 24 20 20 12 12 11 11 8 9 10 10 9 9 8 7 7 5 7 8 13 13 15 15 14 14 12 12 13 13 14 14 11 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 12 12 11 11 9 11 11 10 10 22 22 26 26 55 55 66 66 70 70 70 70 72 72 72 72 72 72 71 71 74 74 77 77 82 82 78 78 79 79
Dis Discu cussio ion with with acq cquain aintan ances ab ces about t the even ents t takin aking pla lace in ce in t the co e country Dis Discu cussion sion with with acq cquain aintan ances ces ab about the even ents t s takin aking pla lace ce in in your co comm mmunit ity Par Particip icipatio ation in in p public m lic mar arch ches es and d dem emonstratio ions Ac Activ ive e promotion on cer certain ain topics in ics in soc social n ial net etwor works (e ks (eg, Faceb cebook) k) Particip icipatio ation in in an any initiat itiativ ive ai e aimed ed at at solv solvin ing y your c community ity's p problem ems Pa Particip icipat atio ion in in a a discu iscuss ssio ion ab about your co comm mmunit ity or co country iss issues es Monito itorin ing of b f budget et sp spen endin ing Me Meet etin ing with with your co commu munity lea leader er or co council cil memb ember er Atten endin ing me meet etings o
aniz ized ed b by y your c community ity o
munici icipality lity Signin ing a a pet etit itio ion Requ Reques ests t to g gover ernmen ent a agen encies cies fo for in info formation Par Particip icipat atio ion in in me meet etings o s organ aniz ized ed by NG NGOs Os Par Particip icipatio ation in in t the co e condomin iniu ium g gener eral m al meet eetin ing Par Particip icipat atio ion in in discu iscuss ssions o s organiz ized ed by polit litical ical par arties ies Particip icipatio ation in in c community ity c council m cil meet eetin ings
Very activ ctive Ra Rathe her a activ ive Ne Neith ither a activ ive , n nor pass passiv ive Ra Rathe her pass passiv ive Very p passiv ive
How would you rate your engagement in the following activities within the past year and a half?
Economic issues are the most frequently mentioned problems facing Armenia, 2019
(up to 3 answers, % of total l response nses, N=1 =1500, , 3 answers rece ceiv ived on average per respond ndent nt)
What are the most serious problems facing Armenia today? 2019
25.9 .9 14.0 12.6 .6 10.8 .8 5.9
5.7
5.3 4.1 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 Un Unempl mploy
Povert verty Low Low incom
salari ries In In the soc social field Emigrati Emigration
Corru Corrupt ption Con Conflict / di dispu spute ov
r Na Nagorn gorno
raba bakh Social Social injustice In Intern rnal pol political probl problem In Inflation/ High pri prices Poor
rastru ructure re Fore
gn pol policy y iss ssues Leg Legal syst system Ec Econom
Oth Other Reckless ss expl xploi
ral re resou sourc rces Defense se (a (arm rmy) y) Le Level of
rimes Lac Lack of
reign gn inves vestme ment
Economic issues were the most frequently mentioned problems facing Armenia, 2010
What are the most serious problems facing Armenia today? 2010
(up to 3 answers, % of total l response nses, N=1 =1528 for 2010 10, , 2.5 answers receiv ived on average per respond ndent nt)
27.2 .2 17.1 13.3 .3 8.7 6.8
5.2
3.6 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.4 0.2 Un Unempl mploy
In Inflation/ High pri prices Povert verty Ov Overa rall econ
ssues Low Low incom
salari ries Corru Corrupt ption Emigrati Emigration
Oth Other Con Conflict / di dispu spute ov
r Na Nagorn gorno
raba bakh Poor
re syst system Pension
system Edu Education
Poor
rastru ructure re Political inst stabi bility Relationsh ships ps with the neigh ghbou bouri ring g cou
ries Con Conflicts be s between the Governm vernment and d Opp Opposi
Le Level of
rimes
Lack of staff appointments is the most frequently mentioned public administration issue
(up
p to 3 answer ers, % of total al answer ers, N=1500, , 2.4 answer ers rec eceiv eived ed on aver erage age per r res espon ponde dent)
What are the issues facing current public administration in Armenia?
26.4 14.4 14.0 12.4 11.2 7.3 6.8 6.4 0.6 0.5 Lack ck of f sta staff ff appoint intment ments Pr Pressu ssure fr from m fo forme mer auth uthoriti ities s and nd sa sabotage of f fo former mer sta staff ff Lack ck of f pub ubli lic c mana manageme ment nt experien ience ce Inco ncomp mplete lete im impleme menta ntation tion of f the la he law Uncl Unclear deve velop lopmen ment t persp spect ctive ive Inco ncomp mplete lete leg legisl islati tion Ex Exte ternal nal pressur sures s (due to to geopolit litical cal si situat tuation ion) The The we weak k link ink betwe ween n the the governm nment nt and the the people le The There are no no issue issues Othe ther
65% believe that corruption is a serious problem in Armenia
(clo losed-end nded questio ion, % of total, l, N=1 =1500 for 2019 19, , N=15 1528 for 2010 10) )
How serious of a problem is corruption in Armenia?
36.5 28.3 25.3 3.9 3.1 2.9 59.8 21.7 13.4 1.8 0.0 3.3 Ver Very s y serious erious Som Somewhat ewhat s ser erio ious No Not to t too se
rious us No Not a t at all se all serio ious Corr Corruptio tion d does es not ex not exis ist Don’t know 20 2019 19 20 2010 10
81% living in Yerevan and 54% living in rural areas believe that corruption is a serious problem in Armenia
47.0 37.3 29.8 33.7 30.6 24.1 16.6 25.4 34.6 2.3 3.2 6.3 0.4 3.6 5.3 Yerev Yerevan an (N (N=47 =478) 8) Oth Other urb er urban an (N=46 (N=460) 0) Ru Rural (N al (N=56 =563) 3) Ver Very s y serious erious Som Somewhat ewhat s ser erio ious No Not t t too s serious erious No Not a t at all se all serio ious Corr Corruptio tion d does es not ex not exis ist
The perceived severity of corruption as a problem (%)
Respondents are generally able to recognize corruption
Yes No Payin ying the judge e to make ke the e verdict ict you want 96 96 4 Offer er money y to the traff affic ic police lice for not t reco cordin ing a violat latio ion 94 94 6 Using conta tacts cts / acquai aintan ance ces to free e your only ly son from m the e army my 89 89 11 11 Using official icial dat atin ing to keep friend iend's busin ines ess from m unnece ecessar ary y tax ax inspect ectio ion inter terfe ferenc ence 86 86 14 14 Leavin aving part of the sum of the e contr tract act conclu cluded ed with th public lic procu curement ement to the e official icial supportin ing the tran ansact actio ion 85 85 15 15 Officia icial' l's petit titio ion for hirin ing a rela lative tive 75 25 Pre-ele elect ction ion don
ation ions made e by busin iness essme men n to partie ies 68 32 Givin ing governm vernment ent offic icia ials ls regula lar bonuses es 62 38 The e use of a service ice car by a governm vernment ent officia icial l to take ake child ildren en to school 58 42 Leavin aving money y for pensio ions and / or benef efit its to the distr trib ibuting ting officer icer 56 44 Resolvin lving the e issue of food for member mbers of an electora ctoral l commis missio ion by a party y on electio ction day 40 60 Givin ing the doctor ctor a gift t as a than ank k you for your att ttent entive ive att ttit itude 39 61 Conducting cting pre-ele elect ctio ion meetings tings in the villa lage e / municip ipality lity build ildin ing 39 61 Char arita itable le cont ntribu ibutio tions ns made e by busines inessme men n to state ate fund nds 33 67 Ban ank k seizur ure e of prop
erty y pledged ed by the e ban ank k in case of defau ault lt 27 73 Give gifts ts or flowe wers to the teach acher er on March ch 8 ( (by the stud udent ent or his par arent ent) 22 78 Extr tracting cting a flower wer or fruit it from m a neighbor's gar arden en with thout its permis missio ion 16 84
(clo losed-end nded ques estion ion, % of total al, N=1 =1500)
Which of the following do you believe reflects corruption?
Which of the following statements do you most agree with?
(close sed-ende ded d quest stion
, N=1500)
81% believe that corruption is evil and must be eliminated/neutralized
Opinions regarding corruption by level of interest in politics and governance (crosstab, %)
Opin inion ions Inte nterest t
Very y inter erest ested ed
(N=273)
Somew ewhat at inter erest ested ed
(N=534 34)
Not too inter erest ested ed
(N=362 62)
Not at all inter erest ested ed
(N=331 31) Corruption uption is evil l and d it must t be elimin inated ed / neutral traliz ized ed 84.4 83.7 83.1 82.2 Corruption uption is a natural ural / inevi vitabl table e phenomenon enomenon and d should
epted ed 7.7 8.7 10.6 12.1 Corruption uption reduce uces bureaucr eaucrati atic protrac traction tion and d facil ilita itates es the resolu
tion of issues ues 6.8 5.8 3.1 4.5 Corruption uption promote motes busin iness activ ivity ity 1 0.5 1.6 0.3 Witho hout ut corruption, uption, the gove verna rnance nce system em canno nnot work effective ively ly 1 1.4 0.7 Other er 0.1 0.3 0.2
(clo losed-end nded questio ion, , % of total, l, N=150 1500)
38% believe that the impact of corruption on them and their surroundings/community is big
In your opinion, how big is the impact of corruption on you and your surroundings / community?
11.0 26.6 25.1 25.1 4.7 7.5 0.1 Very y big ig Ra Rathe ther big ig Ra Rathe ther sm small ll It t is is insig insignifi nificant cant Co Corrup uption tion does s no not t exist ist Don’t know Re Refu fuse se to to answe nswer
Perceived impact of corruption by settlement type (%)
16.6 12.3 7.7 36.0 30.5 21.3 21.6 26.4 32.3 24.6 25.4 30.6 1.2 5.5 5.5 8.1 8.1
Yerev Yerevan an (N (N=47 =478) 8) Oth Other urb er urban an (N=46 (N=460) 0) Ru Rural (N al (N=56 =563) 3) Ver Very b y big ig Rat Rather er b big ig Rat Rather er s sma mall ll It It is is in insig ignif ifica icant Corr Corruptio tion d does es not ex not exis ist
In your ur opini nion
spread was corrup uption in Armeni nia under the previ vious us politica tical autho horities? s? (administrati tration) n) how widespread is corruption in today’s Armeni nia?
The perception of corruption in Armenia under the previous political administration versus under the current government
(clo losed-end nded questio ion, n, % of total, l, N=150 1500)
4.4 .4 36.0 .0 46.5 .5 7.5 .5 5.3 .3 .2 .2 83.7 .7 11.5 .5 1.6 .6 .4 .4 2.5 .5 .3 .3 Widespread i in all s spheres Common i in s some a are reas Spre read a l littl tle No c corru ruptio ion a at a all Don’t know Refu fuse to to answer Today's authoriti ties Pre revious a authorities
The perceived level of involvement of different institutions in corruption
(clo losed-end nded questio ion, n, % of total l per separate institu itutio ions ns, N=1 =1500)
12 12 12 12 8 6 19 19 7 5 4 4 4 3 11 11 3 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 37 37 32 32 35 35 33 33 18 18 29 29 30 30 29 29 27 27 26 26 27 27 18 18 22 22 19 19 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 9 9 4 22 22 20 20 23 23 20 20 10 10 18 18 24 24 26 26 27 27 28 28 27 27 13 13 15 15 20 20 20 20 14 14 20 20 16 16 11 11 15 15 6 9 16 16 10 10 10 10 11 11 10 10 12 12 15 15 21 21 14 14 21 21 36 36 19 19 28 28 38 38 20 20 26 26 13 13 57 57 36 36 75 75 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 11 11 1 7 1 20 20 19 19 24 24 31 31 40 40 35 35 27 27 25 25 20 20 27 27 20 20 21 21 39 39 28 28 20 20 43 43 33 33 42 42 21 21 32 32 12 12
Judge dges a s and d cou
rts Mass M ss Medi dia The Prosecutor General’s Office Part rties Oth Other r re religi gious
Busi siness s com
panies In Invest stiga gation
d law enforc
ment age gencies Gove Govern rnme mental su subordi bordinate Bodi
Subo Subordi rdinate bodi bodies s to the Pri rime Minister Te Terri rritori
Govern rnance Bodi
Loc Local se self-go
vern rnment ment bodi bodies Arme Armenian Apo Apostol
rch Non Non-G
vernmenta mental Orga Organization
s (NGOs) (NGOs) RA A Presi sident, Pre resi side dent's St s Staff Th The Of Office of
rime M me Minist ster, r, Minist stri ries In Intern rnation
ganization
s ope pera rating g in RA Ce Centra ral El Electora
Commis missi sion
Au Audi dit chambe mber RA A Presi sident, Pre resi side dent's St s Staff Ombudsman (Human Rights’ Defender) Th The Pri rime M me Minist ster
Co Corrup upt t to a a gre great e exte xtent nt Co Corrup upt t to s some e exte xtent nt Co Corrup upt t to a a ve very lim limite ited e extent nt Not Not co corrup upt at a all ll I a I am n not a aware about ut t this in institu itutio ion Do Don't n't kno know/diff iffic icult ult t to a answer
The perceived level of involvement of different sectors and services in corruption
(clo losed-end nded questio ion, n, % of total l per separate secto ctors and servic ices, N=1 =1500)
18 18 11 11 6 6 8 11 11 10 10 7 6 7 5 5 3 6 3 3 3 2 1 44 44 33 33 36 36 34 34 32 32 28 28 28 28 29 29 30 30 27 27 27 27 24 24 24 24 20 20 21 21 21 21 20 20 14 14 11 11 20 20 16 16 24 24 17 17 21 21 20 20 14 14 25 25 17 17 14 14 20 20 17 17 17 17 14 14 16 16 12 12 16 16 14 14 12 12 12 12 12 12 20 20 12 12 20 20 16 16 6 25 25 12 12 10 10 31 31 18 18 17 17 16 16 9 11 11 12 12 46 46 63 63 4 2 1 1 3 2 4 1 2 2 3 5 5 5 1 1 5 24 24 13 13 28 28 18 18 24 24 38 38 13 13 32 32 38 38 16 16 34 34 36 36 42 42 45 45 48 48 44 44 23 23 12 12 Healthcare Medi dical and d soc social expe xpert rtise se se serv rvices Tra raffic pol police Tax x se serv rvice Social Social se securi rity y se serv rvices Medi dia se service rvices Penite tentiary inst tiary institu tuti tion
Edu Education
Cu Cust stoms ms authori rities Judi dicial Ac Acts s En Enforc
ment Se Service rvice (J (JACES ACES) Defense se (a (arm rmy) y) Not Notary ry se service rvices Real Est Estate Regi gist stra ration
(Cada dast stre re) se service rvices Na Natura ral Resou sourc rce Manage gement ment Lic License ses/ s/cert rtificates/pe permi rmits s iss ssuing g se serv rvices Publ blic Proc rocure rement se serv rvices St State Regi gist ster Com Commu munity se servi vices Ut Utilities Corru Corrupt pt to
great extent Corru Corrupt pt to
some extent Corru Corrupt pt to
very y limited ext xtent Not Not corru
pt at all I a I am m not a
re abou bout this s inst stitution
Don't know/
difficult to t to answ swer
(փակ հարց, % ընդհանուրի մեջ, N=150 1500)
1st
st mo
most corr
ector/serv rvic ice 2nd
nd mo
most cor
ector/serv rvic ice 3rd
rd mo
most cor
rvic ice
He Healt althca care Traffic affic police lice Judicial Acts Enforcement Service… Socia cial sec l securit ity ser services ices Ther ere e is n is no co corrupted ed spher ere Educat catio ion Tax ax ser service ice Defe Defence ( ce (ar army) Pe Penit iten entiar iary in instit stitutions Me Media ia ser servic ices es Customs au s authorit ities ies Me Medica ical an l and soc socia ial e l exp xper ertis ise e ser services ces Real Estate Registration (Cadastre)… Nat Natural Re l Resou source ce Man anag agemen ement Pu Public lic Pr Procu cureme ement ser services ices No Notar ary ser ervices ices Comm mmunit ity ser servic ices es Licenses/certificates/permits issuing… Stat ate e Reg egister ster Ut Utilit ilities ies
17.6 13.4 9.6 9.6 8.1 8.1 6.6 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 5.4 5.4 5.0 5.0 4.6 3.7 3.7 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.4 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1
He Healt althca care Traffic affic police lice Educat catio ion Socia cial sec l securit ity ser services ices Judicial Acts Enforcement… Customs au authorities ities Medical and social expertise… Tax ax ser service ice Defe Defence ce (ar army) Pe Penit iten entiar iary in instit stitutions Ther ere e is n is no co corrupted ed spher ere Me Media ia ser servic ices es No Notar ary ser ervices ices Stat ate e Reg egister ster Nat Natural Re l Resou source ce Man anag agemen ement Public Pr lic Procu curem ement ser services ices Real Estate Registration… Comm mmunit ity ser servic ices es Licenses/certificates/permits… Ut Utilit ilities ies
12.3 11.2 10.1 8.7 8.7 7.2 6.9 6.9 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 5.5 5.5 4.1 3.5 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.5 1.7 1.5 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Traffic affic police lice He Healt althca care Socia cial secu l security ity ser services ices Customs au s authorit ities ies Educat catio ion Judicial Acts Enforcement… T Tax ser ax service ice Pe Penit iten entiar iary in instit stitutions Defe Defence ce (ar army) Ther ere e is n is no co corrupted ed spher ere Me Media ia ser servic ices es Medical and social expertise… Real Estate Registration… Stat ate e Reg egister ster Licenses/certificates/permits… Natural Resource… Ut Utilit ilities ies No Notar ary ser ervices ices Comm mmunit ity ser servic ices es Pu Public lic Pr Procu cureme ement ser services ices
(up to 3 answers, s, % of
l answ swers, ers, N=150 1500 for curren ent situatio uation 1.4 answers ers recei eived ed on average e per respon
ent, , for two years s ago 2.9 answers ers recei eived ved on average e per resp spon
ent)
Most common types of corruption: Today versus two years ago
In your opinion, which were/are the most common forms of corruption now and two years ago?
42.0 19.3 .3 11.6 .6 11.1 .1 9.2 5.5 1.3 19.6 .6 23.5 .5 15.9 .9 7.6 14.5 18.8 .8 0.1
Protectio ectionis ism Un Unju justified tified b budget exp et expenses enses / appr / appropriat iatio ions Fusion usion of b
usiness an and p polit
ics Ro Rollo llover vers d durin ing p public p lic procu cureme ement Adoptio ion of laws
/ decis ecisio ions s serving p erving perso ersonal a al and clo close g e group in interests erests Abuse o e of adm f admin inis istr trative r tive res esources ces d durin ing elect electio ions Oth Other er
Prese sent Two Two ye years a rs ago go
(clo losed-end nded questio ion, n, % of total, l, N=150 1500 2019,
, N=1528 2010)
The perception of state official involvement in corruption in 2010 versus 2019
In your opinion, where is corruption most widespread? Among officials, is it at the executive, middle or lower level?
43.0 26.0 15.7 9.1 4.9 1.3 25.6 5.6 49.2 6.5 13.1 0.0 Amo Among ng mid middle-l
ffici icials Amo Among ng low-le low-leve vel o l off fficia icials ls Amo Among ng to top Offi ficia cials ls Do Don't n't kno know/ w/Re Refu fuse se to to answ nswer The The lev level l of f co corrupt uption n is s the sa he same me at t all le l leve vels ls Cor Corru ruption tion doe
s no not t exist ist 2019 2010
28.1 51.4 9.4 1.8 .6 .6 8.6 .1 .1
Dec Decrease eased s sig ignifica ificantly tly Dec Decrease eased s somew mewhat Sta Stayed yed t the s e same as ame as last last year year Increa Increased ed s somew mewhat at Increa Increased ed s sig ignifican ificantly ly Don’t know Refuse Refuse to to an answer wer
30.8 51.6 13.3 3.0 1.3 33.4 57.5 7.6 1.1 .3 .3
Dec Decrease eased s sig ignifica ificantly tly Dec Decrease eased s somew mewhat Sta Stayed t yed the s he same ame as as las last year year Increa Increased ed s somew mewhat at Increa Increased ed s sig ignifican ificantly ly Amou mount nt o
f bribes ibes Freq equen ency o cy of b brib ibes es
(clo losed-end nded questio ion, n, % of total, l, N=150 1500 (clo losed-end nded questio ion, n, % of total, l, N=150 1500
The change in the number of cases of nepotism and other forms of corruption by public officials after April-May 2018 The change in the amount of bribes required/ expected by public officials and the frequency of bribes required/expected by public officials after April-May 2018
In your opinion, which of the following is the most common case of corruption among public officials today?
(clo losed-end nded questio ion, n, % of total, l, N=150 1500 2019,
, N=152 1528 8 2010 10)
30.8 30.7 17.1 6.2 .3 .3 15.0 35.0 21.0 34.3 1.7 8.1 2019 2010
Now I will read some possible motivations for corrupt practices. In your opinion, which of the following are the main motivations for corrupt practices?
The most frequently mentioned motivation for corrupt practices is “to get preferential treatment/privileges”
(up to 3 answers, % of total l response nses, N=1 =1500, , 2.7 answers received on average per respond ndent nt)
Which ch of the e foll llow
ing fact ctor
trib ibutes tes to the e spread ad of f corr rrupt ptio ion?
“Failure to follow laws by the public” is the most frequently mentioned option contributing to the spread of corruption
16.8 14.2 12.3 10.8 10.0 9.6 7.0 5.7 5.2 4.3 3.2 0.8 Fa Fail ilur ure to to fo follow low la laws ws by y the p he pub ublic lic The The impe imperf rfect ction ion of
laws ws Eco Econo nomic mic difficu ifficult sita lt sitation tion, , pove verty ty Fa Fail ilur ure to to enf nforce ce or we weake ken n enf nforce cement nt of f la laws ws by the sta he state te Non-p n-profe fessio ssiona nal wo l work k of f st state te, , co comm mmun unit ity y bodies ies So Socio- cio-eco cono nomic mic ine inequal uality ity Lack ck of f pub ubli lic c co control trol Nation ional traditi itions ns and to nd toler lerance nce The The imp imperfect ction ion of f the the jud judicia icial s l syste ystem The The desire to ire to poss ssess ss vi virtues ues, , powe wer lev levers, s, and nd othe ther reso sour urce ces s at t all co ll costs sts Lack ck of f acc ccoun untabili ility ty of f st state te bodies ies and o nd off fficia icials ls Othe ther
(up to 3 answers, % of total l response nses, N=1 =1500, , 2.7 answers received on average per respond ndent nt)
To what extent is it possible to reduce corruption in Armenia?
44% % think that t it is possib ssible le to compl pletely etely elimina nate te corruptio ruption in Armeni nia
43.8 36.8 12.0 4.7 2.7 Ca Can b be co e complet mpletely elim ely elimin inated ted It It po possib ible to r le to redu educe s ce sign ignif ifican icantly tly It It can can b be r e red educed ced only partially
Ca Can n not b be r e red educed ced at at all all Do Don't 't kn know
(clo losed-end nded questio ion, n, % of total, l, N=150 1500)
How would you react if you were asked to give a bribe? Would you give the bribe or would you not give it? How would you react if you were offered to take a bribe? Would you take it or would you not take it?
(clo losed-end nded questio ion, % of total, l, N=150 1500) (clo losed questio ion-end nded, % of total, l, N=150 1500)
76.0 .0 7.9 6.9 4.4 0.4 0.3 3.8 0.3
I wo I would ld not ta not take it ke it I wo I would ld not ta not take it a ke it and I wo I would ld repor report it t it to to th the ap e appropriat iate body e body I could I could ta take it d ke it dep epen endin ing on the
situ ituatio tion an and t the s e size ize of th
e bribe I wo I would uld tak take it e it I wo I would ld ta take it b e it but I t I wou would ld r rep eport it t it to th the ap e approp
riate bo e body Oth Other er Do Don't 't kn know Refuse Refuse to to an answer wer
63.8 .8 17.1 7.4 6.8 0.7 0.2 3.7 0.3
I wo I would uld no not g t give ive it it I ma I may p y pay d y dep ependin ending o
the s e situ ituatio tion an and t the am e amount r t req equir ired ed I wo I would ldn't 't g give it ive it an and I wo I would ld repo report it t it to th the ap e appropria iate b te body I wo I would ld g giv ive it e it I wo I would ld, b , but I t I wou would ld r rep eport it t it to to th the appr appropria iate b te body Oth Other er Do Don't 't kn know Refuse Refuse to to an answer wer
Respondents’ attitude towards taking and giving a bribe, 2010
I would give it I would not give it I would take it 19% 4% 4% Corruption potential Corruption supporters I would not take it 41% 36% 36% Corruption supporters Anti-corruption potential
Respondents’ attitude towards taking and giving a bribe, 2019
I would give it I would not give it I would take it 9% 9% 3% 3% Corruption potential Corruption supporters I would not take it 15% 73% 73% Corruption supporters Anti-corruption potential
Anti ti-co corruptio ion poten tentia ial by by age e group (shar are of those who will l not t give e or take ake brib ibes es, , %)
75 75 71 71 71 71 63 63 68 68 79 79 81 81
From 18 to m 18 to 22 22 yea years old (N=8
6) From 2 m 23 t to 30 30 year years o
ld (N (N=24 =240) From 3 m 31 t 1 to 40 40 year years o
ld (N=32 (N=325) 5) From 4 m 41 t 1 to 50 50 year years o
ld (N=20 (N=204) 4) From 5 m 51 t 1 to 60 60 yea years old (N=2
37) From 6 m 61 t 1 to 7 70 ye 0 years old (N=2
40) 71 yea 1 years old and o
lder er (N=168) (N=168)
Few respondents were asked to pay a bribe while interacting with different services
If cont ntact cted, have you or anyon
sehold been aske ked to
y bribe?
(clos
ed-ended question, “yes” answers, % of
l among those se who contact cted ed the inst stit itution ions/ser ervic ices es)
7.6 5.9 5.5 4.2 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.3
While le contact acting ing publ blic ic offi ficia ials ls after er April il-Ma May y 2018, 8, how often ten did the e follo lowin wing g happe pen to you person
lly? ?
(clos
ed-en ended ed quest stion ion, , % of
l, N=150 1500)
1 1 6 3 2 1 1 1 7 8 5 8 6 3 1 54 54 49 49 54 54 61 61 63 63 57 57 44 44 32 32 39 39 38 38 29 29 30 30 38 38 53 53 2 1 1 1 1 1 You u ha have ve fo foun und that that off ffic icia ials s make ke appointme intments nts thr throug ugh h co conn nnecti ctions or ns or fo for mo mone ney The The off fficia icials ls did id no not t dire irectly d ctly demand mand, , but t rathe ther hi hinte nted a request uest fo for mo money ney, , gift, ift,
favor The The off fficia icials ls direc irectly d tly dema mand nded ca cash, sh, gift, ft, or a fa favo vor You u use use perso sona nal co l conn nnect ction ions s to to get t prefe ferent ntia ial treatme tment nt You u gave ca cash sh to to the o he off fficia icial Offi ficia cials ls requir uired yo you u to to do a fa favo vor fo for the themsel mselve ves s or the their ir friend nds Ro Roll llovers s we were demand manded or expecte cted in in retur turn n fo for winni winning a ng a pub ublic lic te tend nder/procur cureme ment nt Alw Always Quite uite often Ra Rarely Neve ver I have ve nev never been n co conta ntacting cting perso sonal nally ly I don't n't kno know
In your opinion
hat can n you
ally ly do to reduce
corru ruption ion in Armenia ia? Which of these actions that I have just mentioned have
ve you
eady taken en in the past to help combat corruption?
(up to 3 answer wers, % of total answer wers, N=1500, , 1.2 answer ers s receiv eived ed in average e per respon
ent
Attitudes and Behavior
(up to 3 answer wers, % of total answer wers, N=1500, , 1.5 answer ers s receiv eived ed in average e per respon
ent
To whom or to which organization would you apply/refer to in order to report corruption among officials?
(multiple e respon
se, % of total answer wers, N=1500)
42% will not report corruption among officials to any organization
19.3 .3 10.9 .9 4.9 4.0 3.5 2.8 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.2 1.3 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .9 .9
in a reas eason for not t reportin ing corruptio tion to the releva evant author thorities ities. .
( multiple e respon
se, , the e share e of «yes es» answers per each option, without “I don’t know”, “Refuse to answer” options, N=1500)
75% agreed that the reason for not reporting corruption is because it is discouraged, criticized or considered whistle-blowing by society
74.6 58.3 .3 52.4 .4 48.2 43.8 42.4 33.1 .1 Reporti porting g corru
ption in ou
r soc society y is di s disco scoura rage ged, d, cri riticized, d, or
side dere red d whistle- bl blow
Th Those
repo port rt corru
ption will be be pu punish shed d throu rough gh di dism smiss ssal or
d liabl ble in oth
ways for
se" be betra raya yal Not Not familiar r with the re reporti porting g proc process ss It It is di difficult and d time- me-con
suming ming to
report port No No action
be taken even if corru rrupt ption
s re repor ported It It is not
reporti porting g corru
ption if I I am m not
person rsonally hurt rt by by it Ac Accept pt corru
ption
s a fact of
since pa part rticipa pants in s in corru rrupt ption
s step p ma mainly be because se of
(close sed-ende ded d quest stion
, N=22)
45% felt fully protected when reporting an incident of corruption
44.6 16.9 9.4 29.1 Ful Fully ly prote tecte cted Ra Rathe ther prote tecte cted Ra Rathe ther no not t protecte ted Not t at t all p ll prote tect cted
The Police and the National Security Service are the most popular agencies fighting corruption
Please indicate the public agencies / institutions fighting corruption in Armenia that you know
(multiple e respon
se, % of total answer wers, s, N=1500, , 0.7 answer er rece ceived ed on average e per respon
ent)
35.4 35.1 6.6 5.5 5.2 3.1 2.2 2.1 1.4 1.1 0.1 2.4 Po Police lice Nation ional Se Secur curity ity Se Service vice Pr Prose secuto cutor's 's Office Office Sp Specia ial Inve nvesti stigation tion Se Servi vice ce Sta State te Su Supervision vision Se Service ice Bo Bodies ies of f Justi Justice ce (co cour urt) t) Anti Antico corrup uption tion Po Policy licy Council ncil Inve nvestig stigation tion Co Comm mmitt ittee Pr Prime ime Minis Ministe ter Ethi Ethics cs Committ Committee / Corr rrup uption tion Pr Prevent ntion ion Com
mittee Aud Audit Cha it Chamb mber of
the RA Othe ther
In your opin inio ion, , how w effect ctiv ive e are e these public/sta lic/state anti ti-co corruptio ion bodies ies in Armenia menia?
The National Security Service was perceived as the most effective state entity fighting corruption
(clo lose sed questio ion, % of total, l, N=150 =1500
22 22 12 12 8 7 6 6 4 3 3 3 52 52 49 49 46 46 47 47 35 35 40 40 41 41 21 21 21 21 30 30 21 21 27 27 31 31 36 36 40 40 28 28 39 39 19 19 16 16 26 26 5 7 9 9 17 17 9 16 16 8 5 10 10 1 5 5 2 17 17 1 50 50 55 55 31 31 Nation ional Se Secur curity ity Se Service vice Sp Specia ial Inve nvesti stigation tion Se Servi vice ce Inve nvestiga stigation tion Committ Committee Po Police lice Bo Bodies ies of f Justi Justice ce (co cour urt) t) Stat State Su Supervi visio sion n se servi vice ce Pr Prose secuto cutor's 's Office Office Ethi Ethics cs Co Comm mmitt ittee / Corrup uption tion Pr Prevent ntion ion Comm mmittee ittee Anti Antico corrup uption tion Po Policy licy Council ncil Aud Audit ch it chamb mber of f the RA he RA
Very ry effective ve Rather r effective Rather r ineffective ve Not Not effective at all I h I haven't heard rd abou bout the institution
I'm not a
re
(up to 3 answer wers, % o
wers, N=1500, , 1 answer er rece ceived ion average e per respon
ent)
In your opinion, who can finance the fight against corruption in Armenia?
State was the most frequently mentioned institution who can finance the fight against corruption in Armenia
49.4 9.0 8.6 7.1 4.1 1.0 20.9 Sta State te Inte nternati national / l / fo foreig ign n organi niza zation tions Bu Busine sinessm ssmen Ci Citiz tizens ns wi with th vo volunta luntary donat nation ions The The dia iaspora Othe ther The There is s no no ne need to to fina finance nce the fig he fight ht against inst co corrupt uption ion
94.3% are not aware of NGOs and 61% are not aware of state entities involved in anti- corruption in Armenia
Do you know w any y public lic agenc encie ies and NGOs Os invo volved lved in anti ti-co corruptio ion in Armenia menia?
(clo losed questio ion, n, % of total, l, N=1 =1500)
Pleas ease e indica icate the e non-gover ernment ental l organizat zatio ions with th anti ti-co corruptio ion missions in Armenia menia that at you are familia miliar with th
(multiple response, a “do-not read out” question, % of total l answers, s, N=85)
The Helsinki Citizens’ Assembly Vanadzor office is the most popular NGO with anti-corruption missions in Armenia
38.2
14.9
11.9 .9 8.4 5.9 2.2 1.4 0.8 16.3 He Hels lsinki C inki Citize itizens' A ' Assem embly Va ly Vana nadzor
ice Un Unio ion of Inf
med Citizens itizens Tr Tran anspar aren ency I cy Inter ternatio tional A al Antico icorruptio tion C Cent enter er “Hetq” Investigative Journalists Asbar arez ez J Journalis lists' C ' Clu lub C Coali alitio ion o
f Anti-Corrupti tion NGOs NGOs Freed Freedom o m of In f Info format matio ion C Cen enter ter Armen menian ian L Lawyer awyers A Associat ciatio ion Oth Other er
How effective ctive have ve NGOs Os been in fightin ing corruptio tion?
30% think that NGOs are effective in fighting corruption
(clo losed-end nded questio ion, n, % of total, l, N=150 1500)
6.0 23.4 20.5 10.4 39.6 .1 .1 Very y eff ffect ctive ive Ra Rathe ther eff ffective ctive Ra Rathe ther ineffe neffecti ctive ve Not t eff ffecti ctive ve at t all Do Don't n't kno know Re Refu fuse se to to answe nswer
If you u ever will l become
tim of corr rruption ion, , to whom
l you u apply first?
(mult
ltiple iple respon
se, , % of
l answ swer ers, s, N=15 1500)
Only 56% will seek help in case of becoming a victim of corruption
If you ever er beco come me a victim ctim of corruptio tion, , will l you seek k help lp?
Yes No No Don't 't know
76.3 .3 3.6 3.0 0.4 8.3 3.5 4.9 St State bodi bodies Medi dia An Anticorr
ption NG NGO To To any y oth
r NG NGO Al All Oth Other Don't know
Which of the follow
ng typ ypes of anti ti-co corrupt ruption
stance nce would you like ke to
?
(mult ultip iple respons nse, % of total l respons nse, N=1 =1500, , 1.3 answer rece ceiv ived on average per respond ndent nt)
(Multipl
ple respon
se, , % of total answ swers, s, N=1500, , 1.1 .1 answ swers s received on average per respon
dent)
In your r opin inio ion, , who is respon
ible le for r the e fight again inst t corru rrupt ptio ion in Arme menia ia? ?
35.8% mentioned government/ruling political power is responsible for the fight against corruption in Armenia
(close sed-ende ded d quest stion
56% are aware of various government agency hotlines. Awareness of other actions/projects implemented by the government is low
Please ase tell ll me, are you aware e of f the e follo lowin wing g actio ions /proj
ects imple leme mented ed by the e gover ernme ment?
56.1 16.3 13.8 11.7 8.8 8.8 8.6 6.0 5.5 4.2 Hotl Hotline ines s of f va variou ious s gove vernm nment nt agencie ncies Dr Draft ft An Antic ticor
rupti tion
Strateg tegy Imp mpleme lement ntati tion
Action tion Pla Plan n fo for r 20 2019-20 2022 22 The The init initia iative tive to to reve veal th the real o l owne wners s of co comp mpanie nies The The Op Open n Gov Governm nment nt Pa Partne tnership ship Init nitia iative ive ww www.a w.azd zdararir.am ir.am Ex Extrac tractive tive Ind ndust ustries s Transp nsparency ncy Initia nitiativ tive Imp mplem lement ntati tion n of f the the Anti-C nti-Corrup uption tion Str Strategy y Acti Action n Pla Plan n fo for 2015-2018 The The e-d
ft pla latfo form m fo for pub ublic p lic parti ticip cipati tion n in n draft fting ing leg legal l acts cts ww www.a w.anti- nti-co corrup uption tion.g .gov.a v.am Othe ther e-d
mocr cracy cy to tools ls
Approval of the government’s anti-corruption initiatives
(close sed-ende ded d quest stion
ve, N=1500)
The current government of Armenia has expressed the intention to implement a number of anti-corruption initiatives: Do you personally approve the following?
Awareness of the actions /projects implemented by the government by level of education
Not complete or complete secondary education (N=≈640) Vocational and not complete high education (N=≈400) High and post- graduate education (N=≈410) Hotli tlines s of vario ious us governm nment nt agencie cies 50.2 57.4 64.5 Draft t Anticorr icorruption tion Strategy Impleme mentati ntation n Action ion Plan for 2019-2022 12.6 19.9 19.2 The initia tiativ tive to reve veal l the real l owners of companies nies 9.5 11.9 15.1 The Open Governm nment nt Partne nership ip Initia iative tive 8.5 7.4 9.8 Unifie fied Electr ctronic nic Platfo form m for Whistle stle-blo lowing wing (www.a .azd zdararir ir.a .am) 8.4 12.9 23.7 Extracti ctive ve Industrie stries Transp nsparency ncy Initia tiativ tive 6.7 9.8 11.3 Implementa ntatio tion of the Anti-Co Corrupt uptio ion n Strategy y Action tion Plan for 2015-2018 5.1 10.7 13.2 The e-draft t platfo form m for public ic particip ticipation tion in drafting ting legal l acts 4 5 10.1 Anti-Co Corrup uptio tion Monitor itoring ing Platfo form (www.a .anti nti- corrup uptio tion.g .gov.a .am) 3.6 4 9.6 Other e-demo mocr cracy cy tools ls (e-reque uest, st, e-hotli tline ne, , e-petiti ition) n) 1.8 4.6 7.8
82% of the respondents viewed the government’s anti-corruption activities as effective
In your opinion, how effective is the current government's fight against corruption?
(clo losed questio ion, n, % of total, l, N=1 =1500
The perception of the current government’s anti-corruption efforts by level of respondent interest in political and government matters Very effective Rather effective Rather ineffective Not effective at all
Very y interested (N=273 73) 34.4 47.5 11.9 6.2 Somewh what t Intereste sted (N=534) 25.3 63.1 9.2 2.4 Not too
sted (N=362) 20.0 63.4 15.1 1.5 Not at all l intereste sted (N=331) 22.2 59.4 13.7 4.6
The The direction ction the gove vernmen rnment t should ld take ke in orde der r to streng engthe then n the fight ht again inst st corruptio ruption
(mult ultip iple respons nse, % of total l answers, N=1 =1500, 1.6 answers receiv ived in average per respond ndent nt)
Please indicate which directions in the anti-corruption fight the government of Armenia should take in order to make the fight against corruption effective.
15.0 13.7 11.4 10.7 9.3 9.3 8.8 8.8 7.4 7.0 6.1 6.1 5.7 5.7 4.6 0.4 0.4 De Decl claratio ion n and nd ve verific icatio ion n of in inco come a and nd a assets of
icia ials ls Noth Nothing ing w wil ill h l help lp if if citiz citizens ns are n not in involv lved Tr Trans nsparent nt a and a acc ccoun untable le a adminis inistratio ion De Detecting ing co corrup uptio ion n offens nses and nd e ensur nsuring ing t the he in inevita itabil ilit ity of
unis ishme hment nt by la law e enforcement nt Ov Overco coming a adminis inistrativ ive corruptio uption n (a (as e expe xperience nced in n dail ily in interactio ctions w ns with ith citizen citizens) Eli Elimina inating ing co corrup uptio ion n ris isks in in la laws a and nd go governme nment nt decre crees Re Reforming ing t the Jud Judic icia iary Str Streng ngthe henin ning t the in integrity /c ity /code o
cond nduct uct of pub ubli lic o c offic icia ials ls Ant Anti- i-co corruptio uption n educa ucation n and a awareness Re Retur urnin ning illegally illegally ob
ined property w with ithout p prosecut cutio ion Pr Prosecut utio ion n of off
icia ials ls in involv lved in in co corrup upt t trans nsactions ns Ot Othe her
81% think that property illegally obtained by corrupt officials should be confiscated, among them 28% think that it should be without criminal prosecution
How should ld corrupt t officials icials be held ld responsib ible le? ?
(mult ultip iple respons nse, % of total l answers, N=1 =1500, 1 answer receiv ived on average per respond ndent nt)
(mult ultip iple respons nse, % of total l answers, N=1 =1500)
What are you basing your assessment on regarding the level of corruption?
36.9 28.8 15.8 14.9 3.4 0.2 Inf nforma mati tion n reporte ted by y the the media media Inf nforma mati tion n fr from m fa famil mily y memb mbers, s, rela lativ tives, s, fr frien iends, s, or acq cqua uaint intance nces So Socia cial n l networ works ks (inte nterne net) t) Pe Perso sonal e nal experien ience ce Inf nforma mati tion n about ut co corrupt uption ion giv iven n by y NGO GOs Othe ther
44.8 55.2
Male Female (clo losed-end nded questio ion, n, % of total, l, N=150 1500)
6.9 17.5 23.3 13.8 15.3 14 9.2
From 18 to 22 years old From 23 to 30 years old From 31 to 40 years old From 41 to 50 years old From 51 to 60 years old From 61 to 70 years old 71 years old and older
0.4 4.2 42.7 21.3 3.5 27.2 0.8
Pr Prim imary e educ ucatio ion n (e (eith ither co comple lete o
incomple lete) Inco Incomple lete se seco condar ndary educa ucatio ion Co Comple leted se seco cond ndary educa ucatio ion Seco Secondar ndary t techn hnica cal educa ucatio ion Inco Incomple lete h hig ighe her educa ucatio ion Co Comple leted h highe her educa ucatio ion Po Post-gradua uate deg degree
Which ch best t reflec lects ts the current t financial ncial situat uatio ion n of your family/h ily/house useho hold ld? (clos losed questio tion, n, % of total, l, N=1500)
14.7 33.4 .4 46.6 4.6 .7 .7 We do do not h
money y even for
We have e ve enou
gh mon
y for r food,
but bu buying g cloth
s is di s difficult We have m ve mon
d and d clot
save some me, bu but we do do not
have e ve enou
gh mon
y to bu buy y expe xpensi sive th ve things, gs, like a car We can afford
some expe xpensi sive things, gs, like a car, r, bu but not
part rtment ment or a country ry hou
se We can afford
ything g we want includi ding g an apa part rtme ment or
ry hou
se