COPE/Healthy Lifestyles TEEN Program Juliet Bradley, PhD, LSW - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

COPE/Healthy Lifestyles TEEN Program

Juliet Bradley, PhD, LSW Professor, Human Services Department Purdue University Global Email Address: jbradley2@purdueglobal.edu

Agenda

 Childhood Obesity Statistics  Causes of Childhood Obesity and Impact on Well-Being  Statistics Related to Anxiety/Depression in Adolescents  Causes of Anxiety/Depression in Adolescents  Risk Factors Related to Anxiety/Depression  Protective Factors Related to Anxiety/Depression  Explanation of COPE/Healthy Lifestyles TEEN Program  Research Related to Program

Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Prevalence and Definitions

 Percentage of children that are impacted by obesity has tripled since the 1970s  CDC reports that 1 in 5 children ages 6-19 struggles with obesity  Obesity is defined in children/adolescents as BMI at or above 95th percentile compared with person of similar age  Overweight is defined in children/adolescents as BMI at or above 85th percentile but below 95th percentile compared with person of similar age

Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Causes

 Genetic Predisposition  Metabolism  Issues with Community Safety  Behaviors Related to Eating/Physical Activity  Family Habits

Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Impact on Well-Being

 Obesity in childhood/adolescence can cause a higher rate of physical problems such as diabetes, asthma, and sleep apnea  Children with obesity may have a higher likelihood of being bullied, and have been shown to have higher rates of depression and lower self-esteem  Children who are obese have a higher likelihood of being obese in adulthood

Anxiety/ Depression in Adolescents: Statistics

 Are the rates of anxiety or depression higher in adolescents?  What is the percentage of adolescents ages 12-18 with anxiety?

 A: 5%  B: 16%  C: 31%

 What is the percentage of adolescents ages 12-18 with depression?

 A: 12%  B: 22%  C: 33%

Anxiety/ Depression in Adolescents: Statistics

 31% of 13-18 year olds experience anxiety and 12% of 12-17 year

• lds experience depression

 Many changes occur during adolescence that can contribute to the

• nset of anxiety/depression among this population

Anxiety/ Depression in Adolescents: Statistics

 Some studies indicate that anxiety and especially depression among adolescents has increased

• ver the years, and can be

higher in those struggling with obesity  Depression rates among adolescents increased from 8.7% in 2005 to 12.7% in 2015 among those 12 years and older

Anxiety/ Depression in Adolescents: Causes of Anxiety

Causes of Anxiety in Adolescents

Genetic Predisposition Brain Biochemistry Overactive Fight-Flight Learned Behavior Stressful Events/Circumstances

Anxiety/ Depression in Adolescents: Causes of Depression

Causes of Depression in Adolescents

Hormonal Changes Genetic Predisposition Biology of Person Childhood Trauma Negative Thinking Patterns

Anxiety/ Depression in Adolescents: Risk Factors

 What are some risk factors related to anxiety and depression in adolescents?

 Individual  Family  School/Neighborhood/ Community

Anxiety/ Depression in Adolescents: Risk Factors for Anxiety

Marital Conflict

Low Self- Esteem, Shyness

Parent/ Child Conflict

Parental Substance Abuse

Drug/Alcohol Abuse in Community

Failing School, Peer Issues: Aggression, Substance Use

Anxiety/ Depression in Adolescents: Risk Factors for Depression

Individual

• Low Self-Esteem
• Need for Social

Support/Acceptance

• Issues with Social

Skills: Communication, Problem-Solving Family

• Child Abuse/Neglect
• Divorce, Single

Parent Family (Girls Only)

• Family Conflict
• Parental

Depression/Anxiety School, Neighborhood, Community

• Rejection by Peers
• Academic Issues
• Community

Violence

• Poverty

Anxiety/ Depression in Adolescents: Protective Factors

 What are some protective factors related to anxiety and depression in adolescents?

 Individual  Family  School/Neighborhood/ Community

Anxiety/ Depression in Adolescents: Protective Factors

INDIVIDUAL FACTORS Positive Experience with Physical Development Good Academic Performance High Self-Esteem Effective Coping and Problem-Solving Skills

FAMILY FACTORS Family Structure, Limits, Monitoring Supportive Family Relationships Well-Defined Behavioral Expectations Comprehensive Understanding of Family Values SCHOOL, NEIGHBORHOOD, COMMUNITY FACTORS Positive Mentors/Role Models Understandable Expectations for Behavior Positive Physical and Psychological Well-Being Prosocial Norms

COPE/Healthy Lifestyles TEEN Program: General Information

 COPE: Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment  TEEN: Thinking, Emotions, Exercise, and Nutrition  Instructor delivered 15-session manualized program  Developed for 13-18 year olds in order to address and improve behavioral and physical health outcomes  Can be integrated into health courses, taught individually or taught in a group setting in a variety of environments (primary/specialty care settings)  Sessions can be presented in as little as 25-30 minutes or can be stretched to 50 minutes-Designed to be delivered in a once/week format

COPE/Healthy Lifestyles TEEN Program: Instructor Information

 Instructors can be educators, social workers, healthcare providers, school administrators/counselors, etc.  $450/Instructor for first year (includes 5 student manuals), Renewable at $250 each subsequent year  Student manuals: $32 each or $8 each (print yourself for organizations needing at least 200)  To Be Certified as An Instructor

 Take an online course (about 2.5 hours)  Pass a 20 question exam with at least 80% (unlimited number of times to take exam)  Practice delivering program to at least one person (can be own teen, other family member, etc)

COPE/Healthy Lifestyles TEEN Program: Information on 15 Sessions

 Sessions 1-7 and Session 15 use a cognitive- behavioral approach to build skills such as positive thinking, and coping/managing stress more effectively  Sessions 8 and 9 educate students about physical activity  Sessions 10-14 help students learn about nutrition and healthy eating touching upon topics such as how to read labels and how to eat a balanced diet

COPE/Healthy Lifestyles TEEN Program: Information on 15 Sessions

Session One: Healthy Lifestyles Session Two: Self-Esteem and Positive Thinking/Self-Talk Session Three: Setting Goals Session Four: Stress and Coping Session Five: Dealing with Your Emotions in Healthy Ways Session Six: Personality and Effective Communication Session Seven: Activity: Let’s Keep Moving!

COPE/Healthy Lifestyles TEEN Program: Information on 15 Sessions

Session Eight: Heart Rate and Stretching Session Nine: Nutrition Basics Session Ten: Reading Labels Session Eleven: Portion Sizes Session Twelve: Eating for Life and Social Eating - Party Heart(y) Session Thirteen: Snacking Can Be Healthy Too Session Fourteen: Healthy Choices Session Fifteen: Pulling It All Together For a Healthy You!

COPE/Healthy Lifestyles TEEN Program: More Information

 All participants are given a manual which includes exercises that they can do at home to reinforce learning  All sessions include a mindfulness exercise and 20 minutes of physical activity to build participant’s belief that they can successfully exercise  Participants are given a pedometer to wear daily and encouraged to increase daily steps by 10% each week  Four parent newsletters sent home summarizing sessions and providing examples of ways for parents to get involved such as taking walks with teen, talking about healthy eating, etc.

COPE/Healthy Lifestyles TEEN Program: Evidence of Effectiveness

 Ardic & Erdogan (2017) Journal of Advanced Nursing

 Study conducted with 87 adolescents in Turkish middle school students  Improvement in nutritional knowledge and consumption of healthy foods, stress management, physical activity  Decreases in anxiety and weight

 Hoying, Melnyk, & Arcoleo (2016) Journal of Pediatric Healthcare

 Study conducted with adolescents in Appalachia  Decreases in anxiety and depression  Increases in self-concept and healthy behavior

 Melnyk, et al. (2015) Journal of School Health

 Study conducted with 779 diverse adolescents  Looked at effects of program after 12 months  Decreases in depression and weight (lower BMI among teens at 12 months)

References

 America’s children: Key national indicators of well-being 2017. (n.d.). Childstats.gov. Retrieved from https://www.childstats.gov/americaschildren/health4.asp.  Anxiety disorders. (n.d.).TeensHealth from Nemours. Retrieved from https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/anxiety.html.  Ardic, A. & Erdogan, S. (2017). The effectiveness of the COPE healthy lifestyles program: a school-based intervention in middle school adolescents with 12-month follow up. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 73(6), 1377-1389.  Bor, W., Dean, A.J., Najman, J., & Hayatbakhsh (2014). Are child and adolescent mental health problems increasing in the 21st century? A systematic review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 48(7), 606-616.

References

 Childhood obesity facts. (n.d.). Centers for Disease Control and

• Prevention. Retrieved from

https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/obesity/facts.htm.  Children’s mental health report. (n.d.). Child Mind Institute. Retrieved from https://childmind.org/2015-childrens-mental-health- report/.  Hoying, J., Melnyk, B.M., & Arcoleo, K. (2016). Effects of the COPE cognitive behavioral skills building TEEN program on the healthy lifestyle behaviors and mental health of appalachian early adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 30(1), 65-72.  Major depression. (n.d.). National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major- depression.shtml.

References

 Melnyk, B.M., Jacobson, D., Kelly, S.A., Belyea, M.J., Shaibi, G.Q., Small, L., O’Haver, J.A., & Marsiglia, F.F. (2015). Twelve-month effects of the COPE healthy lifestyles TEEN program on

• verweight and depressive symptoms in high school
• adolescents. Journal of School Health, 85(12), 861-870.

 Nemiary, D., Shim, R., Mattox, G., & Holden, K. (2012). The relationship between obesity and depression among

• adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 42(8), 305-308.

 Research-tested intervention programs (RTIPS). (n.d.). NIH National Cancer Institute. Retrieved from https://rtips.cancer.gov/rtips/programDetails.do?programId=22 686590.  Risk & protective factors. (n.d.). Youth.gov. Retrieved from https://youth.gov/youth-topics/youth-mental-health/risk-and- protective-factors-youth.

References

 Summary of programs: Two cognitive-behavioral therapy-based

• programs. (n.d.). Creating Opportunities for Personal
• Empowerment. Retrieved from

https://www.cope2thrive.com/manual-based-programs/.  Teen depression. (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/teen- depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20350985.  Weinberger, A.H., Gbedemah, M., Martinez, A.M., & Nash, D. (2018). Trends in depression prevalence in the USA from 2005-2015: widening disparities in vulnerable groups. Psychological Medicine, 48(8), 1308-1315.  When being overweight is a health problem. (n.d.). TeensHealth from

• Nemours. Retrieved from

https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/obesity.html.