Complexity in granular materials and porous media: More is - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Complexity in granular materials and porous media: More is - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 28, 2023 41 likes •513 views

Complexity in granular materials and porous media: More is Different by Marcel Moura and Gaute Linga marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no Complexity in granular materials and porous media: More is Different by Marcel

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Complexity in granular materials and porous media: “More is Different”

by Marcel Moura and Gaute Linga

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Complexity in granular materials and porous media: “More is Different”

by Marcel Moura and Gaute Linga

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Van Gogh – Wheatfield with Crows (1890) marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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COMPLEXITY ARISES!

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Reductionism

  • Constructivism

“More is Different”, by Philip W. Anderson. Science, Vol. 177, No. 4047 (1972) marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Reductionism is an important concept: explanation in terms of simpler, smaller entites. All that is fundamentally important? marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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COMPLEXITY ARISES!

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Indeed, reductionism is an important concept… … yet, reductionism does NOT imply constructivism. marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Granular materials: a complex system

  • Second-most manipulated material

in industry (first one is water).

  • Essential for construction,

pharmaceutical industry, oil industry, food industry…

  • Extremely challenging: studied for

centuries, still waiting for a complete theoretical description.

  • Presents a wide range of

interesting phenomena: force networks, Reynolds dilation, spontaneous stratification, etc. marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Force networks: measurement via cross polarizers

Bi et al, Nature 480, 355 (2011)

Hydrostatic pressure increases linearly in a regular fluid in equillibrium But not in a granular material! marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Force networks: measurement via cross polarizers

https://www.vitensenteret.com/en/mod377e Plastic ruler through polarizing filter. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdJLP0BNOt4

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Force networks: measurement via cross polarizers

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Force networks: measurement via cross polarizers

Fun for quarantined physicists: try it at home! If you don’t have a polarizer in your pocket (you should always have a polarizer in your pocket), you can use polarized sunglasses. marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Force networks: measurement via cross polarizers

Fun for quarantined physicists: try it at home! If you don’t have a polarizer in your pocket (you should always have a polarizer in your pocket), you can use polarized sunglasses. marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Force networks: measurement via cross polarizers

Fun for quarantined physicists: try it at home! If you don’t have a polarizer in your pocket (you should always have a polarizer in your pocket), you can use polarized sunglasses. marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Force networks: measurement via cross polarizers

Fun for quarantined physicists: try it at home! If you don’t have a polarizer in your pocket (you should always have a polarizer in your pocket), you can use polarized sunglasses. marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Force networks: measurement via cross polarizers

  • S. Lherminier et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 098001 (2014)

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Force networks: measurement via cross polarizers

  • N. Iikawa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 116, 128001 (2016)

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Force networks: measurement via cross polarizers

  • R. Planet et al., Mimicking earthquakes with granular media, Proceedings CFM 2015

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Force networks: measurement via cross polarizers

Credit: Osvanny Ramos

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Force networks: measurement via cross polarizers

Granular Materials https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7g6wdmYB78 marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Force networks: measurement via cross polarizers

Granular Materials https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7g6wdmYB78 marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Force networks: measurement via cross polarizers

Bi et al, Nature 480, 355 (2011)

Hydrostatic pressure increases linearly in a regular fluid in equillibrium But not in a granular material! marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Janssen effect: silo engineering

Janssen, Experiments on corn pressure in silo cells (1895) Ovarlez et al, Phys. Rev. E., 67, 060302(R) (2003)

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Janssen effect: Grünerløkka studenthus

Credit: Uniforum Credit: Dagsavisen

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Janssen effect: experiment and theory

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Reynolds Dilatancy: pore-volume increases under shear

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Reynolds Dilatancy: pore-volume increases under shear

Why walking on wet sand makes it dry https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ssTdOt9DKI marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Segregation: the Brazil-nut effect

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Segregation: the Brazil-nut effect

Brazil Nut Effect https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTM-okBCX8U marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Spontaneous stratification and pattern formation

Makse et al, Nature 386, 379 (1997)

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Spontaneous stratification and pattern formation

Mathematical Impressions: Spontaneous Stratification https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpZaRn0Bez0 marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Other examples of pattern formation

Ripples in wind-blown sand. Ball, P. (2015), Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 370. “Well, the stripes are easy but what about the horse part?”

  • Alan Turing

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Other examples of pattern formation

Ferrofluids (Youtube  Chemical Bouillon) Ferrofluids (Youtube  getferrite) Labyrinthine structures emerging from the slow drying

  • f fluid-grain mixtures in confined geometries.

Knudsen, H. et al., Phys. Rev. E, 77, 021301 (2008)

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Other examples of pattern formation

Labyrinth pattern during the drying of a granular suspension. Movie by Bjørnar Sandnes. Sandnes, B. et al. (2007), Phys, Rev. Lett., 99, 038001 (Youtube  Complex Flow Lab)

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Other examples of pattern formation

Viscous fingering. Movie by Marcel Moura and Knut Jørgen Måløy.

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no

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Summary

Pattern formation in porous media flows Janssen effect Reynolds dilatancy Brazil-nut effect Measurements of force networks in granular materials via cross polarizers Labyrinths in deformable media Viscous fingering in non-deformable media marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no Spontaneous stratification

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Check porelab.no/studies for MSc and PhD opportunities at PoreLab.

marcel.moura@fys.uio.no gaute.linga@mn.uio.no