Comparing Volatility of Three Forms of 2,4-D when Applied in the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Comparing Volatility of Three Forms of 2,4-D when Applied in the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 22, 2022 134 likes •479 views

Comparing Volatility of Three Forms of 2,4-D when Applied in the Field Culpepper, Richburg, Sosnoskie, Braxton Future Technology Technology of Today Herbicide Cost of $39/A Herbicide Cost of $59/A Sensitivity of Non 2,4-D Resistant Cotton to

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Comparing Volatility of Three Forms

  • f 2,4-D when Applied in the Field

Culpepper, Richburg, Sosnoskie, Braxton

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SLIDE 2

Future Technology Herbicide Cost of $39/A Technology of Today Herbicide Cost of $59/A

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SLIDE 3

Sensitivity of Non 2,4-D Resistant Cotton to 2,4-D

2,4-D resistant

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SLIDE 4

Sensitivity of Vegetables to 2,4-D

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SLIDE 5

2011 GA Vegetable Facts

  • Approximately 200,000 acres
  • 40 different vegetables grown
  • 3rd largest vegetable producing state for A
  • Farm Gate Value: $1,200,000,000
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SLIDE 6

Many of these crops are grown in the same areas often by the same growers.

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Off Target Movement Concern

  • Physical drift
  • Volatility
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Off Target Movement Concern

  • Physical drift = related to someone most

likely not following label recommendations

  • Volatility = one can do everything perfect

and there can still be a serious issue

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SLIDE 9

Objective

Volatility needs to be eliminated or at least know exactly how far it could move 2,4-D Choline 2,4-D Amine 2,4-D Ester

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2,4-D Ester 2,4-D Amine 2,4-D Choline N

2010

Sunbelt Ag Expo

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N

2011

2,4-D Ester 2,4-D Amine 2,4-D Choline

Sunbelt Ag Expo

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SLIDE 12

S SE SW E W N NE NW

Potted cotton plants placed in all directions @ 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 ft

Treated area = 90 foot by 90 foot

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Potted plants each year = 1728 Four plants per location for 48 hrs, 1st 24 h, 2nd 24 h.

S SE SW E W N NE NW

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N

2011

Sunbelt Ag Expo

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Methods

Mix location: off site Rate: 2 lb ae/A glyphosate + 2 lb ae/A 2,4-D Application: FF 11002 DG, 25 PSI, 15 GPA Time of day: before 10 am Soil: 88% sand, 12% silt; pre-irrigated

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SLIDE 17
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Controls for Methods

Truck ride (2010, 2011): no damage Herbicide application (2011): no damage Plant contact (2011): no damage

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65 75 85 95

800 930 1100 1230 1400 1530 1700 1830 2000 2130 2300 30 200 330 500 630

9/ 9/ 2010 9/ 10/ 2010 9/ 11/ 2010

2010 Temperature (F)

Max soil temp range 99-103 F; mix of clouds and sun; max sustained wind 8 mph.

Application Sept 9.

8 am 7 am

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2011 Temperature (F)

65 75 85 95

  • Aug. 30
  • Aug. 31
  • Sept. 1

Application Aug 30.

Max soil temp ranged 106-113 F; completely sunny; max sustained wind 11 mph. 8 am 7 am

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SLIDE 21

Visual Cotton Injury Heights Nodes

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Cotton Injury (%) as Influenced by

  • Distance. In-field 48 hours. 2010.

20 40 60 80

53 45 38 20 5

5 10 40 160 20 80 Data pooled over direction.

Distance = Ester = Amine = Choline

Form x distance (P ≤ 0.05) Ester > Amine, Choline, for all distances Ester: 5 > 10 > 20 > 40 > 80 > 160 Amine: 5 > 10 > 20–160 Amine 5–10 > Choline 5-10

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SLIDE 23

Cotton Injury (%) as Influenced by

  • Distance. In-field 48 hours. 2011.

20 40 60 80

73 69 58 38 20 4

5 10 40 160 20 80

= Ester

Data pooled over direction.

= Amine Distance = Choline

Form x distance (P ≤ 0.05) Ester > Amine, Choline, for all distances Ester: 5 > 10 > 20 > 40 > 80 > 160 Amine: 5 > 10 > 20–160 Amine 5–10 > Choline 5-10

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SLIDE 24

Choline Ester

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Cotton Injury (%) from Ester as Influenced by Distance & Time. 2010.

20 40 60 80

5 10 40 20 80

= 0-48 h

Data pooled over direction.

= 0-24 h = 24-48 h Distance (ft)

Time x distance (P ≤ 0.05) 0-48 h ≥ 0-24 h ≥ 24-48 h, for all distances

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Cotton Injury (%) as Influenced by Duration In-Field. 2011.

20 40 60 80

5 10 40 20 80

= 0-48 h

Data pooled over direction.

= 0-24 h = 24-48 h Distance (ft)

Time x distance (P ≤ 0.05) 0-48 h ≥ 0-24 h ≥ 24-48 h, for all distances

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Cotton Injury (%) by Ester as Influenced by Direction. In-field 48 hours.

20 40 60 80

N NE SE NW E Data pooled over distance S SW W

Direction = 2010 = 2011

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SLIDE 28

S SE SW E W N NE NW Application to 2 pm (0 to 5.5 mph) 2 to 5 pm (4-11 mph) 5 to 9 pm (11 to 0 mph)

2011 Wind Direction. Day of Application

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Volatility Injury to Cotton: Tunnel Data

20 plants assigned a location number

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Cotton Injury (%) as Influenced by

  • Tunnel. 2010.

20 40 60 80

Ester Amine Choline

= 0-48 h = 0-24 h = 24-48 h

Data pooled over 20 plants for each herbicide and time interval. 0-48 h: Ester > Amine > Choline 0-24 h: Ester > Amine > Choline 24-48 h: Ester > Amine = Choline

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Cotton Injury (%) as Influenced by

  • Tunnel. 2011.

20 40 60 80

Ester Amine Choline

= 0-48 h

Data pooled over 20 plants for each herbicide and time interval.

= 0-24 h = 24-48 h

0-48 h: Ester > Amine > Choline 0-24 h: Ester > Amine = Choline 24-48 h: Ester > Amine = Choline

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Conclusions

  • 1. Ester formulation should not be applied

in Georgia during similar conditions.

  • 2. Choline formulation offers the lowest

potential for off-target movement from volatility.

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SLIDE 33

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