Combined Heat and Power for Energy Savings, Environmental - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Combined Heat and Power for Energy Savings, Environmental Responsibility, and Resiliency

CHP Workshop Augusta, ME April 3, 2019

• S. David Dvorak, Ph.D., P.E.

Outline

• Who

ho w we are, w , wha hat w we do do

• CHP

CHP b basics

• Exis

istin ting Inst stalla llatio tions a s and T Technic ical P Potential tial

• Proje

ject P Profiles

• Energy

gy C Cost t Reducti tion & Energy gy E Eff fficiency

• Envir

iron

• nmental R

l Responsib ibilit ility

• Relia

liabilit ility & & Resili iliency

• Technic

ical A Assis istan ance

• Resources

es

• Nex

ext S Steps

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3

DOE CHP Technical Assistance Partnerships (CHP TAPs)

• End User Engagement

Partner with strategic End Users to advance technical solutions using CHP as a cost effective and resilient way to ensure American competitiveness, utilize local fuels and enhance energy security. CHP TAPs offer fact-based, non-biased engineering support to manufacturing, commercial, institutional and federal facilities and campuses.

• Stakeholder Engagement

Engage with strategic Stakeholders, including regulators, utilities, and policy makers, to identify and reduce the barriers to using CHP to advance regional efficiency, promote energy independence and enhance the nation’s resilient grid. CHP TAPs provide fact- based, non-biased education to advance sound CHP programs and policies.

• Technical Services

As leading experts in CHP (as well as microgrids, heat to power, and district energy) the CHP TAPs work with sites to screen for CHP opportunities as well as provide advanced services to maximize the economic impact and reduce the risk of CHP from initial CHP screening to installation. www.energy.gov/chp

DOE CHP Deployment Program Contacts

www.energy.gov/CHPTAP Tarla T. Toomer, Ph.D.

CHP Deployment Manager Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energy Tarla.Toomer@ee.doe.gov

Patti Garland

DOE CHP TAP Coordinator [contractor] Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energy Patricia.Garland@ee.doe.gov

Ted Bronson

DOE CHP TAP Coordinator [contractor] Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energy tbronson@peaonline.com

DOE CHP Technical Assistance Partnerships (CHP TAPs)

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CHP: A Key Part of Our Energy Future

• Form of Distributed Generation (DG)
• An integrated system
• Located at or near a building / facility
• Provides at least a portion of the electrical load
• Uses thermal energy for:
• Space Heating / Cooling
• Process Heating / Cooling
• Dehumidification

CHP p prov

• vid

ides effic fficie ient, c clean, reliable, a affordable e ene nergy – today a y and for t the f future.

Source: www.energy.gov/chp

Fuel Fuel 30 units

Power Plant

32% efficiency

(Including T&D)

Onsite Boiler

80% efficiency

45 units Electricity Heat Total Efficiency ~ 50% 94 units 56 units

CONVENTIONAL System

30% to 55% less greenhouse gas emissions

Fuel 30 units 45 units Electricity Heat 100 units

CHP

75% efficiency

Total Efficiency ~ 75%

CHP System

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What Are the Benefits of CHP?

• CHP is more ef

e efficien ent t than separate generation of electricity and heating/cooling

• Higher efficiency translates to low
• wer o
• peratin

ing c costs (but requires capital investment)

• Higher efficiency reduces e

es emiss ssions s of pollutants

• CHP can also increase energy r

y reliability a y and resiliency y and enhance power quality

• On-site electric generation can red

educe g e grid congestion

• n and avoid distribution costs.

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Common CHP Technologies and Capacity Ranges

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Industrial Insti titu tutional Reside dential Utility S Scale

CHP in the U.S. Represents a Variety of Fuels, Technologies, Sizes, and Applications

Comme mercial

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CHP Today in the United States

• 81.3 GW of installed CHP at

more than 4,400 industrial and commercial facilities

• 8% of U.S. Electric

Generating Capacity; 14% of Manufacturing

• Avoids more than 1.8

quadrillion Btus of fuel consumption annually

• Avoids 241 million metric

tons of CO2 compared to separate production

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Where is the Remaining Potential for CHP?

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• Smith College
• Northampton, MA
• Application/Industry: College
• Capacity: 3.5 MW
• Prime Mover: Combustion turbine
• Fuel Type: Natural gas
• Thermal Use: Heating, cooling & hot

water

• Installation Year: 2008
• Testimonial: “For several years, Smith

has sought ways to reduce and manage the college’s environmental

• impact. This new cogeneration system

is a significant step in Smith’s efforts to remain at the forefront of environmental responsibility.”

• Carol T. Christ, former Smith College

President

Source: http://northeastchptap.org/Data/Sites/5/documents/profiles/SmithCollege3.5MWCHPApplication.pdf

Projec ect S t Snapshot: t:

Environmental Responsibility

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Bradl dley A Airpo port Windsor L Locks, C CT Application/ n/Indus ndustry: A Airpo port Capacity ( (MW MW): 5 5.8 MW MW Prime Mover: Re Recipr procating ng e engine nes Fue uel T Type pe: N Natur ural gas Ther ermal Use: H Hea eati ting, c cooling & & hot w t water er Installa llatio ion Y Year: 2 2002 High ghligh ghts: T The p primary m motivation for establishing ng t the he co combi bine ned h heat a and nd p power ene nergy ( (CHP) P) c center w was t to i incr ncrease e ene nergy secur urity, as the he a airport w was e enc ncoun untering numerous us p power outages f from i its c cent ntral power s supplie

• ier. A

Addit itio ionally lly, t the airport want nted t d to l lower i its o

• perating

ng c costs a and d decide ded d that a a CHP plant w would a d allow f for subs ubstantial o

• pe

perating co cost savings w whe hen compared t d to c conv nventiona nal c cent ntral heating/cooli ling p plant.

Source: http://northeastchptap.org/Data/Sites/5/documents/profiles/BradleyAirportpp.pdf

Project Snapshot:

Energy Security

Slide prepared 6/2017

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Toray P Plastic ics A Americ ica North Kin Kings gstown, R , RI Application/ n/Indus ndustry: M Manuf ufactur uring ng Capa pacity: 2 20 M MW Prime M Mover: Gas t turbi bine ne and r recipr procating ng engine nes Fue uel T Type pe: N Natur ural gas Ther ermal U Use: Spac ace h e hea eati ting, stea team a and chi hilled w d water f for i indu ndustrial proce cesses Installation Y Year: 2 2002 002 and 2 2014 014 Highlights: A A brief d disruption in power s supply c can ca caus use m manu nufact cturing t to g go d down f for a as l long ng a as eight ht hours, and t that l lost p produc duction t n time i is v very co costly. Now i in t n the he ca case of ins nstability o

• r a

an outage

• n t

the power er g grid, t the f e facility g goes a automat atical ally int nto i island m nd mode t to o

• perate indepe

pende dently u using ng the C CHP s system. CHP h P has r reduc uced o d operating ng c costs and improved the r relia iabilit ility o

• f the f

facil ilit ity’s e electric ic supply. y.

Source: http://www.northeastchptap.org/Data/Sites/5/documents/profiles/TorayCHP.pdf

Project Snapshot:

Power Reliability

Slide prepared 6/2017

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Project Snapshot:

Resiliency and Disaster Relief

South O Oaks H Hospital Amityville, N , NY Application/Ind Industry: H Healthcare Capacity: 1 1.25 5 MW Prime M e Mover er: Reciprocating e g engi gines es Fuel T Type pe: Natur ural g gas Ther ermal U Use: e: Stea eam, c cooling, h hot w water er In Installation Y Yea ear: 2 2007 Highligh ghts: After er S Super erstorm S Sand ndy, S South O Oaks continue nued t to p provide de c critical h health h services for t two week eks relying g solel ely o

• n i

its CHP s system

• em. T

They a admitted ed patien ents d displ placed ed from other er s sites es, r ref efriger erated v vital medicines es, and w welcomed ed s staff and l local c community to recharge e e elec ectronic d devices es a and shower er. South Oaks’ prev evious C CHP s system o

• per

erated c continuously through gh the N e Northea east Blackout of 2003 3 as w well. South O Oaks’ leader ership, m managem emen ent team, a and staff a agree ee that CHP HP has s ser erved them w wel ell for m more t than 2 20 y yea ears.

Source: http://energy.gov/eere/amo/downloads/chp-enabling-resilient-energy- infrastructure-critical-facilities-report-march Slide prepared 6/2017

Defining Resilience and Reliability

• Resilien

ence: e: the ability of an entity—e.g., asset, organization, community, region— to anticipate, resist, absorb, respond to, adapt to, and recover from a disturbance

• Reducing the magnitude and duration of energy

service disruptions

• Relia

iability ility: the ability of the electric power system to deliver the required quantity and quality of electricity demanded by end-users

Source: State Energy Resilience Framework, Argonne National Laboratory (2017)

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Power Outages are Costly

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Valuing Resiliency and Reliability

Source: ACEEE –Valuing Distributed Energy Resources – CHP and the Modern Grid 2018

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What was the cost of the August 2003 Northeast cascading blackout? What would be the cost today?

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CHP Increases Resilience and Reliability

• For end users:
• Provides continuous supply of electricity and thermal

energy for critical loads

• Can be configured to automatically switch to “island

mode” during a utility outage, and to “black start” without grid power

• Ability to withstand long, multiday outages
• For utilities:
• Enhances grid stability and relieves grid congestion
• Enables microgrid deployment for balancing renewable

power and providing a diverse generation mix

• For communities:
• Keeps critical facilities like hospitals and emergency

services operating and responsive to community needs

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Packaged CHP Systems

• CHP t

technology advancements a allow for standardized p packaged C CHP s systems

• Mo

Most s systems r range f from 1 10 k kW t to 2 2 MW MW

• Packaged s

systems e expected t to expand the CHP HP m market t to new customers

• Av

Avoid costs a and d delays a associated w with customized e d engine neering ng a and d d design

• 26 GW o
• f CHP t

technical al p poten ential al i in t the 50- 499 k kW size r range

• Packaged sy

syst stems a are increasingly y including s solar P PV in addition to CHP HP equipment

• DOE P

E Pack ckag aged CHP eCatalog seek eeks t to

• increase p

package options u up t to 10 M MW

CHP TAP Role: Technical Assistance

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• High level assessment to

determine if site shows potential for a CHP project

• Qualitative Analysis

– Energy Consumption & Costs – Estimated Energy Savings & Payback – CHP System Sizing

• Quantitative Analysis

– Understanding project drivers – Understanding site peculiarities

DOE TAP CHP Screening Analysis

Annual Energy Consumption

Base Case CHP Case Purchased Electricty, kWh 88,250,160 5,534,150 Generated Electricity, kWh 82,716,010

On-site Thermal, MMBtu

426,000 18,872

CHP Thermal, MMBtu

407,128 Boiler Fuel, MMBtu 532,500 23,590 CHP Fuel, MMBtu 969,845

Total Fuel, MMBtu

532,500 993,435

Annual Operating Costs

Purchased Electricity, $ $7,060,013 $1,104,460 Standby Power, $ $0 $0

On-site Thermal Fuel, $

$3,195,000 $141,539

CHP Fuel, $

$0 $5,819,071 Incremental O&M, $

$0 $744,444

Total Operating Costs, $ $10,255,013 $7,809,514

Simple Payback

Annual Operating Savings, $ $2,445,499 Total Installed Costs, $/kW $1,400 Total Installed Costs, $/k $12,990,000

Simple Payback, Years 5.3 Operating Costs to Generate Fuel Costs, $/kWh

$0.070

Thermal Credit, $/kWh

($0.037)

Incremental O&M, $/kWh $0.009 Total Operating Costs to Generate, $/kWh $0.042

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CHP Project Resources

Good Primer Report DOE CHP Technologies Fact Sheet Series

www.eere.energy.gov/chp www.energy.gov/chp-technologies 23

Summary

• CHP gets the most out of a fuel source, enabling
• High ov
• verall u

all utiliz ization tion e effic icie iencie ies

• Reduced

ed e environmental f footprint

• Reduced

ed o

• per

erating c g costs

• CHP can be used in different strategies, including

critical i infr frastructure resiliency and emergency planning

• Pr

Proven en te technologies es are commercially available and cover a full range of sizes and applications

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Next Steps

Contact your Regional CHP TAP for assistance if:

• You are interested in having a “no-cost” Qualification

Screening performed to determine if there is an

• pportunity for CHP on-site.
• If you have an existing CHP plant and are interested in

expanding the plant.

• If you need an unbiased 3rd Party Review of a proposal.

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New England CHP Project Director:

• S. David Dvorak, Ph. D., P.E.

dvorak@maine.edu

https://betterbuildingssolutioncenter.energy.gov/chp/chp-taps

Thank You Questions?

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