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Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon fluence and absorbed - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon fluence and absorbed dose induced by an 18 GeV electron beam after massive iron shielding uller 1 , W. R. Nelson, A. Fass` o, A. Ferrari, N. V. Mokhov, S. E. M S. Roesler, T. Sanami, S. I.

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SLIDE 1

Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon fluence and absorbed dose induced by an 18 GeV electron beam after massive iron shielding

  • A. Fass`
  • , A. Ferrari, N. V. Mokhov, S. E. M¨

uller1, W. R. Nelson,

  • S. Roesler, T. Sanami, S. I. Striganov, R. Versaci

1Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

Twelfth Meeting on Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities (SATIF-12) - FERMILAB, April 28-30, 2014

Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

  • S. E. M¨

uller (Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf)

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SLIDE 2

1 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

  • S. E. M¨

uller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon production

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SLIDE 3

The experiment

1974: Nelson, Kase and Svensson publish the results of an experiment performed at SLAC (NIM 120 (1974) 413) 18 GeV e− beam hits beamdump-target made of copper and water discs massive shielding (“iron”) after beamdump detectors for muon fluence and dose measurements were placed in 4 gaps of shielding:

  • Nuclear track emulsion plates (400µm thick) to measure muon fluence
  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-700 phosphor) to measure dose

in addition, 2 scintillation counters to determine exposure (and muon fluence) Results were compared to theoretical predictions of the time (NIM 120 (1974) 401)

2 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

  • S. E. M¨

uller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon production

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SLIDE 4

The experiment

Vertical view of experimental setup:

3 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

  • S. E. M¨

uller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon production

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SLIDE 5

The experiment

Vertical view of experimental setup:

3 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

  • S. E. M¨

uller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon production

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SLIDE 6

The experiment

Vertical view of experimental setup:

3 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

  • S. E. M¨

uller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon production

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SLIDE 7

The experiment

Vertical view of experimental setup:

3 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

  • S. E. M¨

uller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon production

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SLIDE 8

The experiment

Vertical view of experimental setup:

3 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

  • S. E. M¨

uller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon production

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SLIDE 9

Physics models:

Muon pair production in the field of the nucleus from Bremsstrahlung pho- tons Bremsstrahlung:

✁

Ni e− Nf γ e− γ Photomuon production:

✁

Ni γ Nf µ− µ+

  • Y. S. Tsai: Pair production and Bremsstrahlung of charged leptons,
  • Rev. Mod. Phys. 46 (1974) 815, Rev. Mod. Phys. 49 (1977) 421

4 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

  • S. E. M¨

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SLIDE 10

Experiment: Results on muon fluence

Gap A Gap B Gap C Gap D

5 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

  • S. E. M¨

uller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon production

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SLIDE 11

Experiment: Results on dose measurements

Gap A Gap B Gap C Gap D

6 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

  • S. E. M¨

uller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon production

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SLIDE 12

First comparison with modern transport codes:

2007: N. V. Mokhov, W. R. Nelson and T. Sanami (SLAC Radiation Physics Note RP-07-15): Comparison with MARS and FLUKA

7 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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uller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon production

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SLIDE 13

The transport codes: MARS15

  • www-ap.fnal.gov/MARS

FLUKA2011

  • www.fluka.org

GEANT4.10

  • geant4.cern.ch/

8 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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uller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon production

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SLIDE 14

MARS15

General-purpose, all-particle Monte Carlo simulation code Current version: MARS15(2014) Established theoretical models for strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions of hadrons, heavy ions and leptons Most processes can be treated either

  • exclusively (analogously)
  • inclusively (with corresponding statistical weights)
  • in a mixed mode

Variety of geometry options, major ones are

  • “extended”
  • ROOT-based

Especially powerful in particle production, accelerator lattice, beamline and machine-detector interface applications Participant of international benchmarking for almost two decades

9 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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uller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon production

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SLIDE 15

MARS15: Geometrical model

Horizontal view

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SLIDE 16

MARS15: Geometrical model

Vertical view

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SLIDE 17

MARS15: Muons

Exclusive generator based on Weizs¨ acker-Williams approximation

  • algorithms based on Burkhardt, Kelner, and Kokoulin (2002)
  • only coherent photomuon production
  • used as default

Inclusive generator based on Y. S. Tsai (Rev. Mod. Phys. 46 (1974) 815, Rev. Mod. Phys. 49 (1977) 421))

  • calculation in lowest-order Born approximation
  • target of arbitrary mass, spin and form factor
  • arbitrary final state

Both models give practically identical results for E > 10 GeV photons At lower energies, precise description of nuclear form factor is

  • important. MARS supports two options for description of nuclear

density:

  • original Tsai power-law mode
  • symmetrized Fermi function

12 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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uller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon production

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SLIDE 18

FLUKA2011

Historical origin (1970): FLUktuierende KAskade (J. Ranft et al., Leipzig) Current version: FLUKA2011.2b.6 (maintained by CERN-INFN) Fully integrated particle physics MonteCarlo simulation package Driven by “data cards” (minimum of programming knowledge required) Linux platform (g77/gfortran) Well tested built-in scoring Graphical user interface: FLAIR (FLUKA Advanced Interface)

13 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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SLIDE 19

FLUKA2011: Geometrical model

Horizontal view

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SLIDE 20

FLUKA2011: Geometrical model

Vertical view

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SLIDE 21

FLUKA2011: Muons

Theoretical model:

  • Photomuon production implemented according to Y. S. Tsai (Rev.
  • Mod. Phys. 46 (1974) 815, Rev. Mod. Phys. 49 (1977) 421)
  • Only coherent production of photomuons

Simulation parameters:

  • Biasing scale factor on photon interaction length for photomuon

production: 2.5E-5

  • Biasing scale factor for hadronic inelastic interaction length of

photons: 0.05

  • δ-ray production of muons and charged hadrons switched on

(1 MeV threshold)

  • full simulation of muon nuclear interactions and production of

secondary hadrons switched on

  • e± and γ production thresholds set to 100 keV
  • DEFAULTS card is set to PRECISIO

16 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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uller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon production

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SLIDE 22

Geant4.10

GEANT4: Geometry ANd Tracking (since 1998) Successor of GEANT program developed at CERN Current version: GEANT4.10p1 Written in C++ (Object Oriented software technology) Open source software Toolkit - user needs to program an application using GEANT4 tools Many examples provided

17 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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SLIDE 23

GEANT4.10: Geometrical model

Horizontal view

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SLIDE 24

GEANT4.10: Geometrical model

Vertical view

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SLIDE 25

GEANT4.10: Muons

Theoretical model:

  • Photomuon production algorithms based on Kelner, Kokoulin, and

Petrukhin (Moscow Phys. Eng. Inst. 024-95, 1995)

Simulation parameters:

  • Build customized physics list:

◮ Start with QGSP BERT EMZ list (contains

G4EmStandardPhysics option4 and G4EmExtraPhysics)

◮ Register the process G4GammaConversionToMuons to the process list

for photons

◮ Register process G4MuonNuclearProcess to process lists for muons

(using G4MuonVDNuclearModel)

  • Mixture of built-in scoring and ROOT histograms
  • To be done: Biasing of muon processes

20 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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uller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) Code intercomparison and benchmark for muon production

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SLIDE 26

Scoring

Muon fluence in the 4 gaps

  • normalized to integrated electron charge on beam dump
  • in µ/cm2/coulomb

Dose in the 4 gaps

  • scored in thin volumes of LiF placed in each gap (to simulate

thermoluminescent dosimeters)

  • normalized to integrated electron charge on beam dump
  • in rad/coulomb

Double-differential scoring in energy and angle for muons crossing copper-water boundaries of target beam dump

  • scored over a target thickness of 6 radiation length

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SLIDE 27

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Muon fluence in Gap A (shielding material cast iron, ρ =7 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 /Coulomb ]

2

Muon fluence / electron charge [/cm

7

10

8

10

9

10

10

10

11

10

Data FLUKA

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SLIDE 28

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Muon fluence in Gap B (shielding material cast iron, ρ =7 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 /Coulomb ]

2

Muon fluence / electron charge [/cm

7

10

8

10

9

10

10

10

11

10

Data FLUKA

23 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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SLIDE 29

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Muon fluence in Gap C (shielding material cast iron, ρ =7 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 /Coulomb ]

2

Muon fluence / electron charge [/cm

7

10

8

10

9

10

10

10

11

10

Data FLUKA

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SLIDE 30

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Muon fluence in Gap D (shielding material cast iron, ρ =7 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 /Coulomb ]

2

Muon fluence / electron charge [/cm

7

10

8

10

9

10

10

10

11

10

Data FLUKA

25 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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SLIDE 31

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Absorbed dose in Gap A (shielding material cast iron, ρ =7 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Absorbed dose/ electron charge [rad /Coulomb ]

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

Data FLUKA

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SLIDE 32

Preliminary results

Absorbed dose in Gap B (shielding material cast iron, ρ =7 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Absorbed dose / electron charge [rad /Coulomb ]

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

Data FLUKA

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SLIDE 33

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Absorbed dose in Gap C (shielding material cast iron, ρ =7 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Absorbed dose / electron charge [rad /Coulomb ]

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

Data FLUKA

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SLIDE 34

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Absorbed dose in Gap D (shielding material cast iron, ρ =7 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Absorbed dose / electron charge [rad /Coulomb ]

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

Data FLUKA

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SLIDE 35

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Muon fluence in Gap A (shielding material steel, ρ =7.6 g/cm3 and cast iron, ρ =7.0 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 /Coulomb ]

2

Muon fluence / electron charge [/cm

7

10

8

10

9

10

10

10

11

10

Data FLUKA - Iron FLUKA - Steel

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SLIDE 36

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Absorbed dose in Gap A (shielding material steel, ρ =7.6 g/cm3 and cast iron, ρ =7.0 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Absorbed dose/ electron charge [rad /Coulomb ]

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

Data FLUKA - Iron FLUKA - Steel

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SLIDE 37

Conclusions:

Based on the experimental results on muon production by an 18 GeV e− beam hitting a copper-water target reported by Nelson, Kase, and Svensson, the Monte Carlo transport codes MARS, FLUKA and GEANT4 have been used to model the experimental conditions First preliminary results on muon fluence and absorbed dose have been produced with FLUKA. The agreement between the simulated results and the experimental values is quite promising Results with MARS and GEANT4 will follow soon Still some uncertainties about actual geometry and materials

  • original logbooks of the experiment are currently been retrieved

Further refinement of the simulations together with consistency checks will allow to compare the implementation of muon production and transport in the different transport codes Work has just started now!

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SLIDE 38

SPARE SLIDES

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SLIDE 39

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Muon fluence in Gap A (shielding material steel, ρ =7.6 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 /Coulomb ]

2

Muon fluence / electron charge [/cm

7

10

8

10

9

10

10

10

11

10

Data FLUKA

32 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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SLIDE 40

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Muon fluence in Gap B (shielding material steel, ρ =7.6 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 /Coulomb ]

2

Muon fluence / electron charge [/cm

7

10

8

10

9

10

10

10

11

10

Data FLUKA

32 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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SLIDE 41

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Muon fluence in Gap C (shielding material steel, ρ =7.6 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 /Coulomb ]

2

Muon fluence / electron charge [/cm

7

10

8

10

9

10

10

10

11

10

Data FLUKA

32 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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slide-42
SLIDE 42

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Muon fluence in Gap D (shielding material steel, ρ =7.6 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 /Coulomb ]

2

Muon fluence / electron charge [/cm

7

10

8

10

9

10

10

10

11

10

Data FLUKA

32 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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slide-43
SLIDE 43

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Absorbed dose in Gap A (shielding material steel, ρ =7.6 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Absorbed dose/ electron charge [rad /Coulomb ]

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

Data FLUKA

32 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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slide-44
SLIDE 44

Preliminary results

Absorbed dose in Gap B (shielding material steel, ρ =7.6 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Absorbed dose / electron charge [rad /Coulomb ]

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

Data FLUKA

32 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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slide-45
SLIDE 45

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Absorbed dose in Gap C (shielding material steel, ρ =7.6 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Absorbed dose / electron charge [rad /Coulomb ]

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

Data FLUKA

32 / 32 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

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slide-46
SLIDE 46

FLUKA: Preliminary results

Absorbed dose in Gap D (shielding material steel, ρ =7.6 g/cm3):

Angle [mrad] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Absorbed dose / electron charge [rad /Coulomb ]

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

Data FLUKA

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slide-47
SLIDE 47

MARS15: Cross sections of muon production in γO and γCu

BKK-model, Tsai original FF, Tsai Fermi FF

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slide-48
SLIDE 48

MARS15: Momentum distributions of muons produced in γCu

BKK-model, Tsai original FF, Tsai Fermi FF

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slide-49
SLIDE 49

MARS15: Momentum distributions of muons produced by bremsstrahlung of 18 GeV electrons in copper

BKK-model, Tsai original FF, Tsai Fermi FF

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slide-50
SLIDE 50

MARS15: Angular distributions of muons produced in γCu

BKK-model, Tsai original FF, Tsai Fermi FF

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slide-51
SLIDE 51

MARS15: Angular distributions of muons produced by bremsstrahlung of 18 GeV electrons in copper

BKK-model, Tsai original FF, Tsai Fermi FF

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slide-52
SLIDE 52

The experiment

Horizontal view of the experimental setup:

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