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Co Cond nducting Commu Communi nity Ne Needs ds Assessmen ments: Planning for the growing older population Jan Mutchler, PhD Center for Social & Demographic Research on Aging Gerontology Institute University of Massachusetts Boston


  1. Co Cond nducting Commu Communi nity Ne Needs ds Assessmen ments: Planning for the growing older population Jan Mutchler, PhD Center for Social & Demographic Research on Aging Gerontology Institute University of Massachusetts Boston Massachusetts Council on Aging Membership Meeting 2015 February 6, 2015 Conducting Needs Assessments | October 3, 2012

  2. Outline of Today’s Presentation: ▸ What is a needs assessment? ▸ How can a needs assessment be helpful to a Council on Aging? ▸ Steps in a needs assessment ▸ Developing data for a needs assessment

  3. What is a needs assessment? ▸ ”Needs assessment is the process of identifying needs, prioritizing them, making needs-based decisions, allocating resources, and implementing actions in organizations to resolve problems underlying important needs .” • Mertens & Wilson, 2012

  4. How Can a Needs Assessment be Helpful to a Council on Aging? ▸ Provide backdrop for planning ▸ Achieve internal goals ▸ Achieve external goals

  5. 8 Steps for Conducting a Needs Assessment Identify parameters S1 S1 Identify needed information Determine what information exists already S1 Design methods/instruments S2 S2 Collect/analyze data Prepare report S3 Obtain stakeholder feedback S3 Formal dissemination S3

  6. Pre-assessment: Stage 1 ▸ Understand WHY you are conducting a needs assessment ▸ Broad and informative, or targeted to a specific goal ▸ Develop a roadmap and timeline for the process ▸ Accept that this will change and be delayed ▸ Identify areas of concern or potential barriers ▸ Develop strategies about how to overcome them ▸ Promote Awareness

  7. Assessment: Stage 2 Demographic overview Sample Asset map survey Potential components of a needs Community Community assessment Forum comparison Key Focus groups informant interviews

  8. Some sources of demographic data ▸ U.S. Census Bureau ▸ Decennial census ▸ American Community Survey ▸ Other organizations that generate projections ▸ Donahue Institute at UMass ▸ Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC ) ▸ Organizations that package demographic data from these and other sources ▸ MAPC ▸ http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data- report/explore-the-profiles/

  9. Using demographic data ▸ Opportunities and examples: ▸ Data from the decennial Census (latest was 2010) for every community: age, race, sex, household composition, owner occupied residence ▸ Data from the American Community Survey (conducted annually). Available every year in one- year files (for the largest communities); in three year files (for medium-sized communities) and in five year files (for small communities)

  10. Source: 2010 Census of Population

  11. Growth of older population for Hingham, 2000-2010 Population Population % growth 2010 2000 All ages 22,157 19,882 11% Age 50-59 3,299 2,989 10% Age 60-79 4,020 2,872 40% Age 80+ 1,715 828 107%

  12. Growth in the number of residents by age group, 2000-2010, Littleton 50% 45% 38% 40% 37% 37% 30% 20% 9% 10% 0% -3% -10% Total all Under age Age 50-59 Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+ ages 50 Source: 2010 and 2000 Census, Summary File 1, Table QT-P1

  13. Springfield: Change in number of residents age 60+, by race and ethnicity (2000-2010) 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% All age 60+ White non- Black non-Hispanic Hispanic -20% Hispanic -40% Source: 2000 and 2010 Census of Population

  14. Source: 2010 Census of Population

  15. Source: Donahue Institute, University of Massachusetts

  16. Source: Donahue Institute, University of Massachusetts

  17. In Falmouth, seniors are expected to make up nearly half of the population 25,000 Under age 60 20,000 15,000 10,000 Age 60 and older 5,000 0 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 Source: 1980-2010 Census of Population; Donahue Institute (2020-2030)

  18. Some features of population composition, from the U.S. Census Bureau website

  19. Percent of homeowners who are age 60+ Newton 42% Hingham 40% Boston 32% Falmouth 55% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Source: 2008-12 American Community Survey

  20. Percentage with disability among residents age 65+ 45% 40% 41% 35% 34% 30% 25% 23% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Barnstable Brockton Massachusetts

  21. Percentage of 65+ residents with an independent living disability* 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Barnstable Chicopee Cambridge Plymouth Worcester *having difficulty doing errands alone, such as Source: 2008-2012 American visiting a doctor’s office or shopping Community Survey

  22. Median household income in Worcester $50,000 $44,580 $40,000 $25,955 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $0 Householder 65+ All householders

  23. Springfield Fall River Source: 2008-2012 American Community Survey

  24. Percentage in Linguistically Isolated Households, Boston 25% 20% 19% 20% 15% Age 45-59 12% Age 60-79 Age 80+ 10% 5% 0%

  25. Conducting a Survey ▸ Establishing scope of the survey ▸ What is the purpose of your assessment? ▸ What information do you already have? ▸ What information will you obtain some other way? ▸ Prioritize your needs for information and keep your focus

  26. Conducting a Survey ▸ Creating a questionnaire ▸ Harvest questions from existing questionnaires ▸ Plan how you will use every question asked ▸ Think about your respondents when designing the questionnaire ▸ Consider typeface and white space ▸ Do not make it too long ▸ Ask only one question at a time ▸ Pilot your questionnaire with appropriate respondents

  27. Conducting a Survey ▸ Choose a means of distribution ▸ Mailing or other hard-copy delivery ▸ Telephone ▸ Online ▸ In-person ▸ To sample or not to sample?

  28. Conducting a Survey ▸ From responses to data ▸ Confidentiality ▸ Analyzing the data ▸ Making sense of the responses

  29. Percentage Feeling Sad or Depressed in the Past Month Boomers 24% 6% Seniors 23% 4% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Sometimes Often or always

  30. Difficulty Providing Care for Disabled Adults (among caregivers) Boomers 68% 17% 15% Seniors 37% 36% 27% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Very or somewhat difficult Neither difficult nor easy Somewhat or very easy

  31. Driving Involvement Age 80+ 21% 56% 23% Do not drive Modified driving Drive without modification Age 60-79 5% 44% 51% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

  32. Percentage Willing to Pay a Nominal Fee to Participate in Senior Center Programs and Activities 90% 86% 85% Senior Center 80% participants Senior Center 75% nonparticipants 73% 70% 65%

  33. Support for Tax Work-off Program in the Community (Respondents 60+) 50% 47% 45% 40% 35% 30% 27% 25% 18% 20% 15% 10% 5% 3% 5% 0% Strongly Oppose Neither favor Favor Strongly favor oppose nor oppose

  34. “What are your greatest concerns about staying in your community as you grow older?” ▸ “I live on $1,317 a month Social Security check. My car is 16 years old. My house will need a new roof soon. I don’t know where I will get money for these things.” (Female, age 69) ▸ “How will I get around for errands and social activities when I can no longer drive?” (Female, age 52) ▸ “(I worry) that my spouse will die and leave me” (Male, age 82) ▸ “Getting mind and body to the end at the same time” (Female, age 85)

  35. Focus groups ▸ Adding depth to survey findings ▸ Adding life to demographic results ▸ Learning about special issues or difficult-to- reach populations ▸ Obtain input from other stakeholders, such as other Town offices or organizations ▸ Hearing from the community when a survey is not practical

  36. Organizing a focus group ▸ Prepa epare who, where, when, and why ▸ Develop prompts and follow-ups ▸ Aim for groups of 6-10; sessions 60-90 minutes long ▸ Bring a note-taker or record the event ▸ Bring food ▸ Attempt to hear from everyone in the room ▸ Attempt to keep the conversation focused on the subject at hand (for the most part) ▸ Respect time limits ▸ Allow time afterward for the team to review notes and transcripts, discuss, and draw conclusions

  37. Focus group prompts ▸ NOT ▸ “Do you think your department works well with the Council on Aging?” ▸ BETTER ▸ “Tell me about your department’s experience with the Council on Aging”

  38. Post-Assessment: Stage 3 ▸ Dissemination of results ▸ Printed and/or electronic report ▸ Public presentations ▸ News articles ▸ Fact sheet

  39. Concluding Thoughts ▸ Be clear about the PURPOSE of your assessment ▸ Have a detailed timeline and roadmap of the process ▸ Build in extra time ▸ Create awareness in the community ▸ Consider research partners ▸ Determine appropriate sources of data ▸ Stay realistic ▸ NEED versus WANT

  40. Thank you! Jan E. Mutchler: jan.mutchler@umb.edu http://www.umb.edu/demographyofaging

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