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Cloud Computing Leveling The Access Field
- T. V. Raman
Overview
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Cloud Computing Leveling The Access Field T. V. Raman Google - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Cloud Computing Leveling The Access Field T. V. Raman Google - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Cloud Computing Leveling The Access Field T. V. Raman Google http://emacspeak.sf.net/raman April 20, 2012 Overview Accessibility Challenge Speech Opportunity Google Conclusion Accessibility Challenge Speech Opportunity Google Conclusion
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What Does Accessible Mean?
Accessibility Challenge Speech Opportunity Google Conclusion
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Access Goals
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■ Retain present level of access to functionality ■ Increase reach by enabling wider access ■ Wider access:
◆ Bring within reach of more users ◆ Enable access in more user contexts ◆ Improve user effectiveness by enabling rapid task completion
Important to go beyond the status-quo
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Building Blocks
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(Content, UA, AT)
■ Together determine overall user experience ■ Content — Capture adequate semantics ■ UA — Degrade gracefully ■ AT — Bridge the gap
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The Access Challenge
Accessibility Challenge Speech Opportunity Google Conclusion
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Web Apps: Advantages
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Hosted Web applications enable:
■ Easy deployment ■ Light-weight user interaction ■ Ubiquitous access to data ■ Easy upgrades
Desktop access technologies do not fit this model.
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The Impedance Mismatch
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Major shift in application deployment model
■ Web Apps — The document is the interface ■ Light-weight UI hosted in Web pages ■ Current adaptive technologies assume desktop application model
App model shift requires shift in AT.
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Consequences
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When Web Apps And Desktop Screen-readers Collide
■ Adaptive technology installed on client workstation
◆ All of the disadvantages, ◆ And none of the advantages!
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Ubiquitous Access
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The Access Challenge
■ Web promises anytime, anywhere access ■ Equal access for users with special needs:
◆ Email access at airport? ◆ Edit/share information from a borrowed laptop?
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Building Spoken Feedback
Accessibility Challenge Speech Opportunity Google Conclusion
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Building Speech Access
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■ Identify what to speak ■ Determine how to speak it ■ Decide when to speak
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What To Speak
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■ Rich markup for Web content ■ Separate content from presentation ■ Structure content to reflect its intent ■ Add content annotations to provide smart navigation ■ Identify role of content particles ■ Expose current state via DOM properties
Accessible Content = Clean Markup annotated with ARIA.
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How To Speak
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■ Enable rich spoken feedback ■ Provide Web developers direct access to speech layer ■ Enable rich auditory presentations of content
Treat spoken output as a first-class citizen.
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When To Speak
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Speech is silvern, but silence is golden!
■ Event handlers implement web interaction ■ Eventing determines when things change ■ Attach handlers that produce relevant output
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The Access Opportunity
Accessibility Challenge Speech Opportunity Google Conclusion
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Web Application Model
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■ Data resides on the network ■ Interaction resides on the client ■ Network operations to synchronize data ■ Browser widgets to create UI
Shift away from monolithic applications
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Web Adaptive Technologies
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Adaptive technologies embrace, extend Web model
■ AT dynamics no different from mainstream ■ Web applications fulfill new needs ■ Web AT access enables Web-based tools
Evolve today’s AT to meet tomorrow’s needs
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The Access Opportunity
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Separation of interaction from data:
■ Go beyond one size fits all access ■ Specialize user interaction to user’s needs ■ Multiple UIs can collaborate
One size no longer need fit everyone
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New Adaptive Technologies
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New opportunities for AT:
■ A new market for consumer applications ■ Custom services tailored to end-user needs ■ Task-driven access tools
This generation of AT will be user-driven.
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Google Platform Access
Accessibility Challenge Speech Opportunity Google Conclusion
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Google Platform Access
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■ Chrome OS — Built-in access ■ Android — Platform access present on all devices ■ ChromeVox — Web Accessibility for desktop and mobile
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Chrome OS
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■ C-A-z activates accessibility on the login screen ■ Built-in ChromeVox provides complete Web Access ■ Downloadable ChromeVis provides low-vision support ■ Access technologies update with the rest of the platform!
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Android
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■ Built-in TalkBack screenreader provides complete access ■ Touch exploration on ICS enables complete access ■ Open platform encourages innovation from third-party developers ■ Open platform empowers user choice
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Android Web Access
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■ ChromeVox enables Android Web access ■ Activated when accessibility is enabled ■ Supports modern Web standards including ARIA
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Conclusion
Accessibility Challenge Speech Opportunity Google Conclusion
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Conclusion
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■ Web applications force separation of user-interface from core application ■ Makes development of multiple user interfaces affordable ■ Opens up new opportunities for meeting user needs
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Watch Computing Take Off!
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