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Slide 2 / 81 Eukaryotes & Gene Expression Practice Questions www.njctl.org
Slide 3 / 81 1 Identify two characteristics that are shared by all cells.
Slide 4 / 81 2 Suppose you are investigating a cell that contains a nucleus. Would you categorize this cell as a prokaryote or eukaryote? Explain your answer.
Slide 5 / 81 3 Is it more efficient for cells to have a high or low surface area to volume ratio? Explain.
Slide 6 / 81 4 Explain, in terms of cell function, why it is more advantageous for cells to be small.
Slide 7 / 81 5 Organelles are to cells as organs are to the human body. Explain why this analogy is true.
Slide 8 / 81 6 What are two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Slide 9 / 81 7 Would you be more likely to observe a prokaryotic cell or eukaryotic cell under the lowest magnification available on your microscope? Explain your answer.
Slide 10 / 81 8 Explain, in terms of surface area to volume ratio, why cells are small.
Slide 11 / 81 9 Identify the four major categories of eukaryotic cells.
Slide 12 / 81 10 Explain how the meaning of the terms prokaryote and eukaryote help explain the structure of the cell.
Slide 13 / 81 11 Why is it important that the nucleus of a cell contains nuclear pores?
Slide 14 / 81 12 How is it possible that even though all the cells of a multicellular organism contain the same DNA, there are many different types of cells that differ in structure and function?
Slide 15 / 81 13 How are chromosomes related to chromatin?
Slide 16 / 81 14 How does the ‘packing’ of DNA impact the process of gene expression in cells?
Slide 17 / 81 15 How does the presence of transcription factors influence the process of gene expression?
Slide 18 / 81 16 How is the presence of transcription factors related to external stimuli in an environment?
Slide 19 / 81 17 Explain the observable differences that would exist between a molecule of pre-mRNA and a finished molecule of mRNA?
Slide 20 / 81 18 In what way does the splicing of a molecule of mRNA alter the contents of the molecule? Be sure to use appropriate terminology.
Slide 21 / 81 19 How does alternative splicing affect the ability of a molecule of mRNA to produce multiple proteins?
Slide 22 / 81 20 Explain how nuclear pores are like the ‘gatekeepers’ of the nuclear membrane.
Slide 23 / 81 21 How does the length of a poly-A tail on mRNA impact the amount of protein can be produced from the mRNA?
Slide 24 / 81 22 Given the sequence of eukaryotic DNA below, transcribe the gene and complete all three steps of RNA processing. (Exons are bold) Non-template strand: 5’ATT ATGGGCAT ATATCCG GCGCCT TAATT ATTC 3’ Template strand: 3’ TAA TACCCGTA TATAGGC CGCGGA ATTAA TAAG 5 ’
Slide 25 / 81 23 How is the process of transcription related to the process of translation in the cell?
Slide 26 / 81 24 Why is the nucleus often referred to as the ‘control center’ of the cell.
Slide 27 / 81 25 Is the process of gene expression the same in prokaryotes as it is in eukaryotes? Explain your answer.
Slide 28 / 81 26 What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA?
Slide 29 / 81 27 What role do histones play in the packing of DNA?
Slide 30 / 81 28 How is the presence of transcription factors related to the characteristics that define living organisms?
Slide 31 / 81 29 Identify the purpose of the modification of pre- mRNA by adding the nucleotide cap and poly-A tail.
Slide 32 / 81 30 Why are coding segments of mRNA referred to as ‘exons?’
Slide 33 / 81 31 Explain how alternative splicing allows a cell to produce different proteins from the same segment of mRNA.
Slide 34 / 81 32 Given the sequence of eukaryotic DNA below, transcribe the gene and complete all three steps of RNA processing. (Exons are bold) Non-template strand: 3’GGCC GGCTA TAATC GATACTT ACGAATGTA AAA5’ Template strand: 5’CCGG CCGAT ATTAG CTATGAA TGCTTACAT TTT3’
Slide 35 / 81 33 What role do hydrolytic enzymes play in the production of protein in a cell?
Slide 36 / 81 34 What are the components of the ‘endomembrane system?’
Slide 37 / 81 35 How does the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum relate to the amount of smooth E.R. found within different types of cells?
Slide 38 / 81 36 Explain the progression of a protein through the endomembrane system of a cell.
Slide 39 / 81 37 Compare the Golgi apparatus to a component of a city or town, based on the function of the organelle.
Slide 40 / 81 38 How is the creation of lysosomes related to the Golgi apparatus?
Slide 41 / 81 39 How is a peroxisome related to a lysosome?
Slide 42 / 81 40 Why are cell membranes often referred to as semipermeable?
Slide 43 / 81 41 Identify and explain the process by which large proteins created in the cell are transported to the extracellular environment?
Slide 44 / 81 42 What is a ‘secretory protein?’
Slide 45 / 81 43 Identify the relationship between ribosomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Slide 46 / 81 44 How does a glycoprotein help determine the role of a protein within a cell?
Slide 47 / 81 45 What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in the process of protein production within a cell?
Slide 48 / 81 46 Identify three different cellular functions accomplished by the smooth E.R.
Slide 49 / 81 47 What is the purpose of lysosomes for the cell?
Slide 50 / 81 48 What function do peroxisomes perform for the cell?
Slide 51 / 81 49 What role might a protein play that is created within the cell and becomes embedded in the cell membrane?
Slide 52 / 81 50 Why is endocytosis important for efficient cellular function?
Slide 53 / 81 51 Explain the structure of a chloroplast, identifying the areas where the light reactions and Calvin cycle occur.
Slide 54 / 81 52 What is the function of the mitochondria for the cell?
Slide 55 / 81 53 Do prokaryotic cells contain mitochondria? Explain your answer.
Slide 56 / 81 54 Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain highly folded internal membranes. Explain the importance of these membranes for the organelle, including the importance of the folded nature.
Slide 57 / 81 55 Briefly summarize the endosymbiotic theory as proposed by Lynn Margulis.
Slide 58 / 81 56 According to the endosymbiotic theory, before they were eukaryotic organelles, the chloroplast and mitochondria more closely resembled what type of organism?
Slide 59 / 81 57 Why is mitochondrial DNA utilized to trace maternal heritage?
Slide 60 / 81 58 Identify the role of the chloroplast for a plant cell.
Slide 61 / 81 59 Do plant cells contain mitochondria even though they are photosynthetic? Explain your answer.
Slide 62 / 81 60 Explain the meaning of the term endosymbiosis.
Slide 63 / 81 61 What is the evidence used to support the endosymbiotic theory?
Slide 64 / 81 62 What is the ‘mitochondrial eve?’
Slide 65 / 81 63 Why do organisms receive all of their mitochondrial DNA from their mother?
Slide 66 / 81 64 How is the central vacuole of a plant cell related to wilting?
Slide 67 / 81 65 How do a food vacuole and lysosome help to digest particles within a cell?
Slide 68 / 81 66 What is the role of a contractile vacuole in a cell?
Slide 69 / 81 67 How are sugars related to the cell wall of plant cells?
Slide 70 / 81 68 Why is it important that adjacent plant and animal cells contain cell junctions?
Slide 71 / 81 69 Suppose you are investigating a cell that contains plasmodesmata. Would you label this cell as a plant or animal cell? Explain your answer.
Slide 72 / 81 70 Which sort of cell junction would you most likely observe between adjacent cells that cannot experience leakage? What type of cells may you be observing?
Slide 73 / 81 71 If animal cells need to transport ions and sugars, what sort of cell junction would you predict they would utilize? Support your response.
Slide 74 / 81 72 What is a vacuole?
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