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Evolution Multiple Choice Review

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1 There are approximately 8.7 million species living

• n Earth. What constitutes a single species?

A Organisms that live in the same area and that compete

with each other.

B Organisms that have the same adaptations and that

compete with each other.

C Organisms that can produce viable offspring, whether or

not they live in the same environment.

D Organisms that have exactly the same alleles, and

produce either viable or sterile offspring.

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1 There are approximately 8.7 million species living

• n Earth. What constitutes a single species?

A Organisms that live in the same area and that compete

with each other.

B Organisms that have the same adaptations and that

compete with each other.

C Organisms that can produce viable offspring, whether or

not they live in the same environment.

D Organisms that have exactly the same alleles, and

produce either viable or sterile offspring.

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Answer

C

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2 Traits which benefit an organism in its environment are referred to as adaptations. Which of the following is accurate regarding adaptations?

A They are entirely the result of genetics. B They are the result of genetics and environment. C They can all change within a single organism’s lifetime. D They occur only when a new species arises.

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2 Traits which benefit an organism in its environment are referred to as adaptations. Which of the following is accurate regarding adaptations?

A They are entirely the result of genetics. B They are the result of genetics and environment. C They can all change within a single organism’s lifetime. D They occur only when a new species arises.

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Answer

B

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3 The theory of acquired characteristics can be attributed to

A Charles Darwin B

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

C

Gregor Mendel

D

Both Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin

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3 The theory of acquired characteristics can be attributed to

A Charles Darwin B

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

C

Gregor Mendel

D

Both Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin

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Answer

B

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4 Which of the following is accurate regarding the impact of the environment upon the inheritance of traits??

A Environmental factors can regulate the expression of

traits.

B Environmental factors can change the inheritance of traits. C Environmental factors cannot affect the expression of

traits.

D The only factor that impacts traits or their expression are

genes.

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4 Which of the following is accurate regarding the impact of the environment upon the inheritance of traits??

A Environmental factors can regulate the expression of

traits.

B Environmental factors can change the inheritance of traits. C Environmental factors cannot affect the expression of

traits.

D The only factor that impacts traits or their expression are

genes.

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Answer

A

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5 During Darwin’s travels and investigations while aboard the H.M.S. Beagle, he noted that there were distinct variations in the beaks of finches. What was his hypothesis regarding these differences?

A The differences were due to changes in behaviors of the

finches.

B The differences were because they arrived as separate

species.

C The differences were the result of acquired characteristics,

based on each finch species food source.

D The differences were due to changes over time, based on

each finch species food source.

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5 During Darwin’s travels and investigations while aboard the H.M.S. Beagle, he noted that there were distinct variations in the beaks of finches. What was his hypothesis regarding these differences?

A The differences were due to changes in behaviors of the

finches.

B The differences were because they arrived as separate

species.

C The differences were the result of acquired characteristics,

based on each finch species food source.

D The differences were due to changes over time, based on

each finch species food source.

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Answer

D

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6 The images below represent the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bird. How does these structures relate to one another?

A They are analogous to one another. B

They are homologous to one another.

C

They are vestigial to one another.

D

The are identical to one another

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6 The images below represent the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bird. How does these structures relate to one another?

A They are analogous to one another. B

They are homologous to one another.

C

They are vestigial to one another.

D

The are identical to one another

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Answer

A

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7 Some organisms have structures or organs that seem to serve no useful purpose. For example, humans have a tailbone at the end of the spine that is of no apparent use. However, the tailbone

• f a possum, and some monkeys, is more fully

structured and has a definite purpose. What conclusion is supported by this?

A Possums and monkeys are more closely related to each

• ther than to humans.

B Possums, monkeys and humans have a common ancestor. C Monkeys and humans do not share a common ancestor. D These analogous structures do not support any

evolutionary relationship.

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7 Some organisms have structures or organs that seem to serve no useful purpose. For example, humans have a tailbone at the end of the spine that is of no apparent use. However, the tailbone

• f a possum, and some monkeys, is more fully

structured and has a definite purpose. What conclusion is supported by this?

A Possums and monkeys are more closely related to each

• ther than to humans.

B Possums, monkeys and humans have a common ancestor. C Monkeys and humans do not share a common ancestor. D These analogous structures do not support any

evolutionary relationship.

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Answer

B

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8 The image below represents one area of study within evolution. What is this area of study?

A Vestigial structures B

Comparative anatomy

C

Comparative embryology

D

Comparative mutations

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8 The image below represents one area of study within evolution. What is this area of study?

A Vestigial structures B

Comparative anatomy

C

Comparative embryology

D

Comparative mutations

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Answer

C

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9 What is the connection between apoptosis and evolution?

A

Apoptosis is programmed cell death, which allows for reabsorption of structures not found in a fully developed

• rganism, as well as the development of some traits and

structures, revealed during evolutionary studies.

B

Apoptosis is programmed cell death, which results in the addition of structures that can sometimes be confusing during evolutionary studies.

C

Apoptosis is programmed cell death, which results in the death of an organism that is not viable within the environmental surroundings, leading to the loss of species.

D

Apoptosis is programmed cell death, which allows for mutations to be carried forward that may well results in a new species, discovered through evolutionary studies.

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9 What is the connection between apoptosis and evolution?

A

Apoptosis is programmed cell death, which allows for reabsorption of structures not found in a fully developed

• rganism, as well as the development of some traits and

structures, revealed during evolutionary studies.

B

Apoptosis is programmed cell death, which results in the addition of structures that can sometimes be confusing during evolutionary studies.

C

Apoptosis is programmed cell death, which results in the death of an organism that is not viable within the environmental surroundings, leading to the loss of species.

D

Apoptosis is programmed cell death, which allows for mutations to be carried forward that may well results in a new species, discovered through evolutionary studies.

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Answer

A

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10 What characteristic of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) allows it to play a strong role in evolutionary studies?

A

The genetic code for ribosomal RNA contains numerous introns, therefore we can utilize alternative RNA splicing to track and study evolutionary relationships.

B rRNA mutates frequently, therefore we can utilize these

changes to track and study evolutionary relationships.

C

rRNA is found throughout the cell, therefore we can utilize its concentration within the cell to track and study evolutionary relationships.

D rRNA mutates very rarely, therefore we can utilize its

consistency to track and study evolutionary relationships.

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10 What characteristic of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) allows it to play a strong role in evolutionary studies?

A

The genetic code for ribosomal RNA contains numerous introns, therefore we can utilize alternative RNA splicing to track and study evolutionary relationships.

B rRNA mutates frequently, therefore we can utilize these

changes to track and study evolutionary relationships.

C

rRNA is found throughout the cell, therefore we can utilize its concentration within the cell to track and study evolutionary relationships.

D rRNA mutates very rarely, therefore we can utilize its

consistency to track and study evolutionary relationships.

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Answer

D

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11 What is meant by “molecular homology”?

A Studying relationships between organisms at the

molecular level.

B Studying similarities between organisms in utero. C Studying similarities in the functions of related structures

between species.

D Comparing and contrasting the functions of different

enzymes within a species.

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11 What is meant by “molecular homology”?

A Studying relationships between organisms at the

molecular level.

B Studying similarities between organisms in utero. C Studying similarities in the functions of related structures

between species.

D Comparing and contrasting the functions of different

enzymes within a species.

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Answer

A

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There are two graphs shown below that represent some ways in which natural selection affects populations. Respond to the next three questions based upon these graphs.

Graph 1 Graph 2

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12 There are snails that show variation in the color of their shells. Over time, those snails with very light shells and those with very dark shells become more numerous. Which of the graphs above reflect this type of selection process and what is this called?

A Graph 1; directional selection B

Graph 1; disruptive selection

C

Graph 2; directional selection

D

Graph 2; stabilizing selection

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12 There are snails that show variation in the color of their shells. Over time, those snails with very light shells and those with very dark shells become more numerous. Which of the graphs above reflect this type of selection process and what is this called?

A Graph 1; directional selection B

Graph 1; disruptive selection

C

Graph 2; directional selection

D

Graph 2; stabilizing selection

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Answer

B

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13 There are rabbits that show variations in size, from very small to large, when full grown. Over time, however, the population changes so that the variation in size becomes very minimal. Which graph reflects this change and what is this called?

A Graph 1; directional selection B

Graph 1; disruptive selection

C

Graph 2; directional selection

D

Graph 2; stabilizing selection

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13 There are rabbits that show variations in size, from very small to large, when full grown. Over time, however, the population changes so that the variation in size becomes very minimal. Which graph reflects this change and what is this called?

A Graph 1; directional selection B

Graph 1; disruptive selection

C

Graph 2; directional selection

D

Graph 2; stabilizing selection

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Answer

D

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14 Which of the two graphs shown above, would most likely (given the proper circumstances) give rise to two different species over time, and why?

A Graph 1, because once organisms differ greatly in one trait

they are a new species.

B Graph 2, because those with variations will have to

become a new species

C Graph 1, because there are two distinct separate groups

with this trait

D Graph 2 because once a population has one variation of a

trait, mutations will cause a new species.

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14 Which of the two graphs shown above, would most likely (given the proper circumstances) give rise to two different species over time, and why?

A Graph 1, because once organisms differ greatly in one trait

they are a new species.

B Graph 2, because those with variations will have to

become a new species

C Graph 1, because there are two distinct separate groups

with this trait

D Graph 2 because once a population has one variation of a

trait, mutations will cause a new species.

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Answer

C

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15 Below is a graph showing when mating activity

• ccurs for both wood frogs and leopard frogs.

This is an example of which type of reproductive isolation, that may lead to speciation?

A temporal B

geographic

C

mechanical

D

behavioral

http://ib-bioplans.wikispaces.com/Species+and+Speciation+(D2)?newwindow=true

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15 Below is a graph showing when mating activity

• ccurs for both wood frogs and leopard frogs.

This is an example of which type of reproductive isolation, that may lead to speciation?

A temporal B

geographic

C

mechanical

D

behavioral

http://ib-bioplans.wikispaces.com/Species+and+Speciation+(D2)?newwindow=true

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Answer

A

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16

Bowerbirds (shown below) construct elaborate bowers and decorate them with different colors in

• rder to woo females. The Satin bowerbird (left)

builds a channel between upright sticks, and decorates with bright blue objects, while the MacGregor’s Bowerbird (right) builds a tall tower

• f sticks and decorates with bits of charcoal.

This is an example of which type of reproductive isolation, that may lead to speciation?

A temporal B

geographic

C

mechanical

D

behavioral

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_44

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16

Bowerbirds (shown below) construct elaborate bowers and decorate them with different colors in

• rder to woo females. The Satin bowerbird (left)

builds a channel between upright sticks, and decorates with bright blue objects, while the MacGregor’s Bowerbird (right) builds a tall tower

• f sticks and decorates with bits of charcoal.

This is an example of which type of reproductive isolation, that may lead to speciation?

A temporal B

geographic

C

mechanical

D

behavioral

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_44

Answer

D

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17 Suppose a river forms through a squirrel’s habitat separating the population. Because they cannot cross the river, they are reproductively isolated. This is an example of which isolating mechanism?

A temporal B

geographic

C

mechanical

D

behavioral

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17 Suppose a river forms through a squirrel’s habitat separating the population. Because they cannot cross the river, they are reproductively isolated. This is an example of which isolating mechanism?

A temporal B

geographic

C

mechanical

D

behavioral

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Answer

B

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18 The study of population genetics refers to the examination of which of the following?

A The occurrence of dominant and recessive genes in a

variety of species.

B The occurrence of mutations within one species

throughout the world.

C The frequency of alleles and how they change within a

population over time.

D The frequency of mutations when different species attempt

to reproduce.

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18 The study of population genetics refers to the examination of which of the following?

A The occurrence of dominant and recessive genes in a

variety of species.

B The occurrence of mutations within one species

throughout the world.

C The frequency of alleles and how they change within a

population over time.

D The frequency of mutations when different species attempt

to reproduce.

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Answer

C

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19 The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium measures

• microevolution. What is microevolution?

A How evolution is occurring on a small scale. B How co-evolution between species is occurring. C Which type of reproductive isolation is occurring. D How many mutations are occurring on a small scale.

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19 The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium measures

• microevolution. What is microevolution?

A How evolution is occurring on a small scale. B How co-evolution between species is occurring. C Which type of reproductive isolation is occurring. D How many mutations are occurring on a small scale.

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Answer

A

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20 Using the population described below and the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what is the frequency

• f the recessive allele?

A 0.75 B 0.125 C

0.25

D

0.50 In a population of 16 pigs, 4 express the recessive phenotype of a black coat. The remaining 12 pigs are pink.

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20 Using the population described below and the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what is the frequency

• f the recessive allele?

A 0.75 B 0.125 C

0.25

D

0.50 In a population of 16 pigs, 4 express the recessive phenotype of a black coat. The remaining 12 pigs are pink.

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Answer

D

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21 Using the population described below and the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what is the frequency

• f the dominant allele?

A 0.75 B

0.125

C

0.25

D

0.50 In a population of 16 pigs, 4 express the recessive phenotype of a black coat. The remaining 12 pigs are pink.

Slide 24 (Answer) / 43

21 Using the population described below and the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what is the frequency

• f the dominant allele?

A 0.75 B

0.125

C

0.25

D

0.50 In a population of 16 pigs, 4 express the recessive phenotype of a black coat. The remaining 12 pigs are pink.

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Answer

D

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22 Using the population described below and the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what percentage of the population is heterozygous for coat color?

A 75% B

12.5%

C

25%

D

50% In a population of 16 pigs, 4 express the recessive phenotype of a black coat. The remaining 12 pigs are pink.

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22 Using the population described below and the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what percentage of the population is heterozygous for coat color?

A 75% B

12.5%

C

25%

D

50% In a population of 16 pigs, 4 express the recessive phenotype of a black coat. The remaining 12 pigs are pink.

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Answer

D

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23 What does the “q2” in the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium represent?

A The frequency of the recessive allele within the population B The frequency of the dominant allele within the population C The frequency of the heterozygous condition within the

population

D The frequency of the homozygous condition within the

population

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23 What does the “q2” in the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium represent?

A The frequency of the recessive allele within the population B The frequency of the dominant allele within the population C The frequency of the heterozygous condition within the

population

D The frequency of the homozygous condition within the

population

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Answer

D

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24 What does it mean if p and q change from generation to generation when we utilize the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium equation?

A Evolution is occurring B Evolution is not occurring C Population is in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium D Population is going extinct

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24 What does it mean if p and q change from generation to generation when we utilize the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium equation?

A Evolution is occurring B Evolution is not occurring C Population is in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium D Population is going extinct

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Answer

A

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25 Using the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium equation, if p2 is 81% what are the percentage values of q2 and 2pq?

A q2 = 1% and 2pq = 18% B

q2 = 9% and 2pq = 10%

C

q2 = 10% and 2pq = 90%

D

q2 = 0.1% and 2pq = 0.18%

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25 Using the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium equation, if p2 is 81% what are the percentage values of q2 and 2pq?

A q2 = 1% and 2pq = 18% B

q2 = 9% and 2pq = 10%

C

q2 = 10% and 2pq = 90%

D

q2 = 0.1% and 2pq = 0.18%

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Answer

A

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26 Approximately what percentage of a population is heterozygous if 16% of the population is homozygous recessive?

A 32% B

4%

C

16%

D

48%

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26 Approximately what percentage of a population is heterozygous if 16% of the population is homozygous recessive?

A 32% B

4%

C

16%

D

48%

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Answer

D

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27 If the conditions under which Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium cannot be experienced in nature, then why is this equilibrium equation used in biology?

A The Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium has been disproved

because of this fact.

B

The Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium equation cannot be used

• utside of the lab because of this inability to meet the

conditions in nature.

C

It is the comparison of values over time, using the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium equation, that allows us to study such microevolution

D

It is the comparison of values from the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium equation and other associated equations that show us macroevolution.

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27 If the conditions under which Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium cannot be experienced in nature, then why is this equilibrium equation used in biology?

A The Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium has been disproved

because of this fact.

B

The Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium equation cannot be used

• utside of the lab because of this inability to meet the

conditions in nature.

C

It is the comparison of values over time, using the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium equation, that allows us to study such microevolution

D

It is the comparison of values from the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium equation and other associated equations that show us macroevolution.

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Answer

C

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28 Genetic drift is most likely under which conditions?

A very large populations B when a small group of individuals populate a new area C when populations are stable with little migration D in population with low mutation rates

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28 Genetic drift is most likely under which conditions?

A very large populations B when a small group of individuals populate a new area C when populations are stable with little migration D in population with low mutation rates

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Answer

B

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29 The bottleneck effect occurs when a very large proportion of a population is killed off suddenly. The population faces the risk of becoming extinct. Why is this?

A With only a few individuals remaining, there is great

genetic variation.

B With a large population remaining, there is great genetic

variation.

C With only a few individuals remaining, there is little

genetic variation.

D With a large population remaining, there is little genetic

variation

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29 The bottleneck effect occurs when a very large proportion of a population is killed off suddenly. The population faces the risk of becoming extinct. Why is this?

A With only a few individuals remaining, there is great

genetic variation.

B With a large population remaining, there is great genetic

variation.

C With only a few individuals remaining, there is little

genetic variation.

D With a large population remaining, there is little genetic

variation

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Answer

C

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30 When a population of animals, such as many of those kept in zoos today, experiences genetic drift, what may be the only source remaining for genetic variation?

A In-breeding B

artificial selection

C

random mutations

D

forced mutations

Slide 33 (Answer) / 43

30 When a population of animals, such as many of those kept in zoos today, experiences genetic drift, what may be the only source remaining for genetic variation?

A In-breeding B

artificial selection

C

random mutations

D

forced mutations

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Answer

C

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31 Darwin’s finches originally occupied the South American mainland. When a group of these finches populated the Galapagos Islands, competition for food occurred between individuals in the population. Over time, the subgroups of these finches adapted to different food sources, resulting in a variety of finches with differing beak sizes and shapes. Which type of evolution is described within this example?

A Stabilizing selection B

Convergent evolution

C

Punctuated equilibrium

D

Adaptive radiation

Slide 34 (Answer) / 43

31 Darwin’s finches originally occupied the South American mainland. When a group of these finches populated the Galapagos Islands, competition for food occurred between individuals in the population. Over time, the subgroups of these finches adapted to different food sources, resulting in a variety of finches with differing beak sizes and shapes. Which type of evolution is described within this example?

A Stabilizing selection B

Convergent evolution

C

Punctuated equilibrium

D

Adaptive radiation

Answer

D

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32 Quite often we see organisms that have similar characteristics, not because they have arisen from a common ancestor, but because they have adapted to similar environments. Which type of evolution is this?

A Divergent evolution B

Convergent evolution

C

Punctuated equilibrium

D

Genetic drift

Slide 35 (Answer) / 43

32 Quite often we see organisms that have similar characteristics, not because they have arisen from a common ancestor, but because they have adapted to similar environments. Which type of evolution is this?

A Divergent evolution B

Convergent evolution

C

Punctuated equilibrium

D

Genetic drift

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Answer

B

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33 When an environment changes such that the extreme phenotypes, and therefore, genotypes, of a population are selected for, evolution occurs and new species may be formed. Which type of evolution is this?

A Divergent evolution B

Convergent evolution

C

Co-evolution

D

Adaptive radiation

Slide 36 (Answer) / 43

33 When an environment changes such that the extreme phenotypes, and therefore, genotypes, of a population are selected for, evolution occurs and new species may be formed. Which type of evolution is this?

A Divergent evolution B

Convergent evolution

C

Co-evolution

D

Adaptive radiation

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Answer

A

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34 Which of the following does not lead to a decrease in genetic variability?

A bottleneck B

founder effect

C

small populations

D

large populations

Slide 37 (Answer) / 43

34 Which of the following does not lead to a decrease in genetic variability?

A bottleneck B

founder effect

C

small populations

D

large populations

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Answer

D

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35 When a species, either plant or animal, must rely upon random mutations to generate enough genetic variation to survive, what is the main drawback?

A The rate of random mutations is typically high. B The rate of random mutations of typically low. C The rate of random mutations is higher in larger

populations.

D The rate of random mutations is lower in larger

populations.

Slide 38 (Answer) / 43

35 When a species, either plant or animal, must rely upon random mutations to generate enough genetic variation to survive, what is the main drawback?

A The rate of random mutations is typically high. B The rate of random mutations of typically low. C The rate of random mutations is higher in larger

populations.

D The rate of random mutations is lower in larger

populations.

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Answer

B

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36 What is a likely result if an endangered species, that has experienced genetic drift, is subject to a sudden and dramatic degradation of its habitat?

A It may respond with increased mutations. B It may reproduce with a similar species. C It may become extinct. D It may experience sudden explosive growth.

Slide 39 (Answer) / 43

36 What is a likely result if an endangered species, that has experienced genetic drift, is subject to a sudden and dramatic degradation of its habitat?

A It may respond with increased mutations. B It may reproduce with a similar species. C It may become extinct. D It may experience sudden explosive growth.

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Answer

C

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37 Vestigial structures can be described as:

A Structures that had a purpose in an ancestral organism,

but not in the evolved organism.

B Structures that never had a purpose in this or ancestral

• rganisms.

C Structures that have atrophied in an individual because

they have not been used much in their lifetime.

D Structures that have grown larger in an organism due to

• veruse.

Slide 40 (Answer) / 43

37 Vestigial structures can be described as:

A Structures that had a purpose in an ancestral organism,

but not in the evolved organism.

B Structures that never had a purpose in this or ancestral

• rganisms.

C Structures that have atrophied in an individual because

they have not been used much in their lifetime.

D Structures that have grown larger in an organism due to

• veruse.

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Answer

A

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38 Biogeography is the

A Local geography where an organism lives B Geographical distribution of a species C Geographical distribution of a community D Local geography features in a given biome

Slide 41 (Answer) / 43

38 Biogeography is the

A Local geography where an organism lives B Geographical distribution of a species C Geographical distribution of a community D Local geography features in a given biome

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Answer

B

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39 Which of the following is an example of mechanical isolation between two closely related species?

A Females responding to the song of the male of only one

species.

B The same species of organism being separated by

geography

C Incompatibility in structure of the male and female sex

• rgans

D Two species can mate but offspring is sterile

Slide 42 (Answer) / 43

39 Which of the following is an example of mechanical isolation between two closely related species?

A Females responding to the song of the male of only one

species.

B The same species of organism being separated by

geography

C Incompatibility in structure of the male and female sex

• rgans

D Two species can mate but offspring is sterile

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Answer

C

Slide 43 / 43

40 Evolution leads to

A Greater diversity in life on earth B Limited diversity in life on earth C More extinctions of organisms D A larger total number of organisms on earth.

Slide 43 (Answer) / 43

40 Evolution leads to

A Greater diversity in life on earth B Limited diversity in life on earth C More extinctions of organisms D A larger total number of organisms on earth.

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Answer

A