CITYkeys Performance measurement of smart cities Miimu Airaksinen Research Professor VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
The goal of CITYKEYS is to provide a validated, holistic performance measurement framework for monitoring and comparing the implementation of Smart City solutions. CITYkeys – 646440
CITYkeys – 646440
Existing frameworks; Concerto, ITU etc. CITYkeys – 646440
CITYkeys – 646440
Cities and citizens needs CITYkeys – 646440
Smart city level: Does your city measure its smart city performance? CITYkeys – 646440
Smart city level: Does your city measure its smart city performance? CITYkeys – 646440
For what kind of decisions would you need performance measurement for? CITYkeys – 646440
Cities need to measure performance CITYkeys – 646440
Mapped existing frame works European frameworks International and European Standards Neighborhood certification schemes Relevant FP7 and H2020 projects Selected country frameworks Other international frameworks CITYkeys – 646440
Mapping existing frameworks CITYkeys – 646440
Mapping existing frameworks CITYkeys – 646440
Preliminary structure People (e.g. safety, health, diversity, quality of built environment) Planet (environment, ecosystem, energy and other resources) Prosperity (employment, economic performance, Innovation) Process (multilevel governance, organisation, co- creation, engagement) Propagation (scalability, replicability) CITYkeys – 646440
Preliminary sub themes Planet - Resource efficiency People - Quality of life Energy and mitigation (performance, Health (eg heat stress; noise; air quality; savings, efficiency, renewable energy, sanitation, access to health services) CO 2 /GHG emission / savings) Safety Climate resilience Access to Resources services/resources/amenities/networks Water (later included in “resources”) Culture and leisure (later included in Environment (later rephrased as “access to services) “Pollution and Waste”) Education & skills (high level education; Ecosystems early classes of technology) Creativity (later included in “education”) Red is (also) recognized as important and/or Diversity & Social inclusion necessary by at least 50% of the cities participating in the survey Quality of housing and of the built Green is (also) considered priority by citizens CITYkeys – 646440 environment
Preliminary structure Process Prosperity Policy & Organisation (later rephrased Economic Performance / GDP as “ Organisation ”) Equity Community engagement Employment Citizen participation (later rephrased as “Co - creation”) City attractiveness Multilevel governance Innovation Propagation (only at project level) Scalability Replicability Red is (also) recognized as important and/or necessary by at least 50% of the cities participating in the survey CITYkeys – 646440 Green is (also) considered priority by citizens
Preliminary structure CITYkeys – 646440
CITYkeys – 646440
CITYkeys – 646440
Gap analyse There are in principle indicators available for each of the subthemes. However, there are significant variations in the coverage of the subthemes Best covered are People, Planet and Prosperity Gaps: Project level Education, Employment, Scalability, Replicability City level: Multilevel governance CITYkeys – 646440
KPIs What you measure is what you get CITYkeys – 646440
Criteria for selecting indicators 1. Relevance 2. Completeness 3. Availability 4. Measurability 5. Reliability 6. Familiarity 7. Non-redundancy 8. Independence CITYkeys – 646440
Excamples Planet, energy and migitation CITYkeys – 646440
Project Indicator title Indicator Definition Source Type of unit indicator Reduction in annual final energy % reduction Change in annual final energy Eurbanlab; impact consumption by buildings consumption of buildings Concerto; (kWh/m2/yr) for all forms of CIVIS, DGNB energy (heat and water heating, cooling, lighting, cooking, ventilation and other ancillary services, electrical appliances) due to the project. Reduction in annual final energy % reduction Change in annual final energy 2 Decide impact consumption by transport consumption of transport of all types (GJ/year) due to the project. CITYkeys – 646440
Excamples Planet, energy and migitation, city Indicator title Indicator unit Definition Source Annual final energy consumption of MWh/cap/yr Final energy consumption of buildings Eurbanlab; Transform buildings for all forms of energy (heat and water heating, cooling, lighting, cooking, ventilation and other ancillary services, electrical appliances) per city capita annually. Final energy use for transport GJ/cap/yr Annual final energy consumption of Eurbanlab transport of all types (GJ/year) Final energy consumption by street lighting kWh/cap/yr Annual final energy consumption of street lighting (kWh/cap/yr) in city per capita. Final energy consumption by ICT MWh/cap/yr Annual final energy consumption of IT Green Digital Charter of all types (MWh/cap/year) in city Final energy consumption by public kWh/m2/year Change in annual final energy City Protocol; ISO 37120; buildings consumption of public buildings Covenant of mayors (kWh/cap/year) for all usages (heat and water heating, cooling, lighting, cooking, ventilation and other ancillary services, electrical appliances) due to the project CITYkeys – 646440
Project, energy Description of the indicator Reduction in annual final energy consumption by Name of the indicator buildings Definition Change in annual final energy consumption of buildings (kWh/m2/yr) for all forms of energy (heat and water heating, cooling, lighting, cooking, ventilation and other ancillary services, electrical appliances) due to the project. Description incl. Energy use in buildings accounts for 40% of all sectors’ justification total energy consumption. To achieve the EU’s climate and energy objectives by 2020, 20% energy saving is needed. The Directive on energy performance of buildings is the main legislative instrument on EU level to improve energy performance in buildings. The directive states minimum requirements with regards to energy performance when constructing new facilities or major renovation of existing buildings. CITYkeys – 646440 Annual energy consumption of buildings considers all energy consumed within the building. This means heat
People, health, project Description of the indicator Improved access to basic health care services Name of the indicator Description incl. Increased accessibility to basic health care will have social justification and economic benefits. Because… Definition The extent to which the project has increased accessibility to basic health care; e.g. with regards to physical distance (<500m), 24hrs availability, e-health services, overcoming literacy and language barriers. Normalisation Likert scale: (suggestion if No improvement – 1 — 2 — 3 — 4 — 5 — Very high available) improvement. 1. Not at all: the access to basic health care services was not improved. 2. Poor: there was little improvement in the accessibility of CITYkeys – 646440 basic health care services. 3. Somewhat: access to basic health care services was improved, including a few important amenities such as a
Excamples Access to services (e.g. xx m2), Likert scale Reduction in energy consumption, (e.g. compared to base line kWh/m2), percentage % What kind of indicators are useful and is the data available/easy to access? CITYkeys – 646440
Performance monitoring Decision-support based on: reliable real-time monitoring on smart city performance holistic key performance indicators framework and a city index The implementation of a common performance measurement framework is based on a set of relevant indicators , open data applications and decision-support user-interfaces enables stakeholders to learn from each other, create trust in solutions and monitor progress. CITYkeys – 646440
City Monitoring system - System concept Sources: VTT Pro-IoT spearhead program. http://www.vtt.fi/research/spearhead_iot.jsp. VTT Ingrid Innovation program. http://www.vtt.fi/research/innovation_ingrid.jsp. CITYkeys – 646440
CITYKEYS in nutshell The project focuses on developing and validating, together with cities, performance indicators and data collection procedures that will be used for the common and transparent monitoring of Smart City projects (initiatives/actions) and solutions across European cities. The key results are: Key performance indicators for smart city projects Performance measurement framework, Data sets & data collection Policy making recommendations Business models & opportunities Smart city index recommendations CITYkeys – 646440
Thank you Miimu Airaksinen, citykeys co-ordinator miimu.airaksinen@vtt.fi +358 40 770 4832 Web: www.citykeys-project.eu Twitter: @citykeys_eu Supported by CITYkeys – 646440
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