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Characterization of the spatial frequency response of a scintillator - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Topical Workshop on Scintillation Screens and Optical Technology for Transverse Profile Measurements Krakow, Poland - April 1 to 3, 2019 Characterization of the spatial frequency response of a scintillator for beam size measurements using

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Characterization of the spatial frequency response of a scintillator for beam size measurements using Heterodyne Near Field Speckles

Topical Workshop on “Scintillation Screens and Optical Technology for Transverse Profile Measurements” Krakow, Poland - April 1 to 3, 2019

  • M. Siano, B. Paroli, M. A. C. Potenza (Universita’ degli Studi di Milano)
  • U. Iriso, C. S. Kamma-Lorger, A. A. Nosych (ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Valles)
  • S. Mazzoni, F

. Roncarolo, G. Trad (CERN, Geneva)

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

Outline

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano
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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

P1 P2 Interferometric beam size measurements source (e beam)

_

partially coherent X-ray SR P1 P2 Free-space propagation, Van Cittert – Zernike theorem: μ(Δ⃗ r )= ⟨E(⃗ r )E

*(⃗

r +Δ⃗ r )⟩

√⟨I (⃗

r )⟩⟨I (⃗ r+Δ⃗ r)⟩ Complex Coherence Factor (CCF): source intensity distribution FT radiation CCF

General framework

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

P1 P2 Interferometric beam size measurements source (e beam)

_

partially coherent X-ray SR

Young’s interferometer

V = Imax−I min Imax+I min =|μ(Δ⃗ r )|

General framework

Δ⃗ r

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Colloids: a cloud of spherical particles suspended in water, randomly moving and wiggling, generating a stochastic, noisy-like intensity distribution known as speckles.

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

Colloids

The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

Single-particle scattering

z Es(⃗ r , z)∝ E0(⃗ 0) e

ikz e i kr2 2 z

z I=|E0+Es|

2=|E0| 2+2ℜ {E0 Es *}+|Es| 2

heterodyne term homodyne term instantaneous interferogram τ≪τc∼10

−17−10 −14 s

k=2π λ λ wavelength

E0 Es

heterodyne conditions

|Es|≪|E0|

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

Single-particle scattering

ℜ {⟨E0 Es

*⟩}∝|μ(Δ⃗

r)|cos[ k Δr

2

2 z ] z Scattering from a single particle: paradigmatic layout to probe coherence between a selected point (the position of the particle) and all the others

time-integrated interferogram

Es(⃗ r , z)∝ E0(⃗ 0) e

ikz e i kr2 2 z

z

k=2π λ λ wavelength

Es E0

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

Many-particles scattering

Es(⃗ r , z)∝ E0(⃗ 0) e

ikz e i kr2 2 z

z

∑i=1

N

Es ,i(⃗ r , z) ℜ {⟨E0 Es

*⟩}=∑i=1 N

ℜ{⟨E0 Es ,i

* ⟩}

Heterodyne speckles: intensity sum of many equal single-particle interference images

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

The power spectrum

N >1 N ≫1

|FT|

2

Spatial power spectrum of heterodyne speckles directly provides the interferometric information on 2D transverse coherence I (⃗ q)=T (q)C(⃗ q) T (q)=2sin

2[

zq

2

2k ]

T albot Transfer Function (TTF)

C(⃗ q)=|μ(⃗ q)|

2

Radiation CCF Power spectrum

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Q P O ⃗ θ Δ⃗ r z

The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

The spatial master curve

Δ⃗ r=z ⃗ θ=z ⃗ q k

Spatial scaling ⃗ q=k ⃗ θ simulations simulations λ=0.1 nm z1=10 cm z2=30 cm CCF

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

The role of the scintillator

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

HNFS @ NCD-SWEET (ALBA)

IVU21 Si-111 monochr. 33 m z

Period Number of periods Gap Beam current Photon energy Relative bandwidth SR source size 21.3 mm 92 5.86 mm 150 mA 12.4 KeV 10-4 131x8 um2 (HxV)

SiO2, 450 nm, c=10%

20X NA=0.4

YAG:Ce, 0.1 mm

scA1300-32gm monochrome 1296x966 3.75x3.75 um2

λ=0.1 nm

(57 mm 450 mm) →

sample scintillator

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

General formulation of HNFS

I (⃗ q , z)=T (q, z)C (⃗ q, z)H 0(⃗ q)S(q)+P(q) The two-dimensional power spectrum of speckled intensity distribution measured at a distance z from the sample can be expressed as: H (⃗ q)

T = T albot Transfer Function (TTF) C = squared modulus of CCF H0 = frequency response (scintillator, optics, CCD, … ) S = particle form factor P = noise contribution H = Instrumental Transfer Function (ITF)

  • nly water
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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

Measuring the ITF

Δ⃗ r=z ⃗ θ=z ⃗ q k Δ⃗ r∼⃗ C∼1

z small ( |Δ⃗ r|<σcoh )

Short distances isotropy → → ITF Large distances anisotropy → → 2D CCF 57 mm 450 mm

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Recent results at ALBA

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57 mm

The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

Signal overview

ITF signal noise vertical

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57 mm

The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

Signal overview

200 mm ITF signal V signal H vertical noise

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

Reducing T albot oscillations

horizontal vertical

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

Coherence and beam size

σcoh, x=(8.1±0.2) μ m σcoh, y=(60±6) μ m σ x=(115±6) μ m σ y=(16±2) μ m σcoh=∫

−∞ +∞

|μ(Δr)|

2d Δ r

σcoh= 2∫0

+∞

C(Δr)d Δr horizontal vertical

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

H (q)= I (q)−P(q) T (q) T (q)=2sin

2[

zq

2

2k ]

ITF: measurements

z small, C=1

57 mm vertical horizontal

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

ITF: changing z

ver: 57 mm 157 mm →

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

ITF: changing z

ver: 57 mm 157 mm → 87 mm 157 mm

exp. th. exp. th.

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

ITF: changing z

ver: 57 mm 157 mm → 87 mm 300 mm

exp. th. exp. th.

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

ITF: changing z

ver: 57 mm 450 mm →

batch 1 57 mm 157 mm → batch 2 180 mm 450 mm →

87 mm 300 mm

exp. th. exp. th.

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

ITF: changing z

ver: 57 mm 450 mm →

batch 1 57 mm 157 mm → batch 2 180 mm 450 mm → increasing z, coh effects

hor

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

H (q)∝e

− q qscint

ITF: model

qscint=0.59 μ m

−1

qscint=0.48 μ m

−1

(L=13 μm ) (L=11 μm )

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Possible contributions: 1) particle form factor(i) 2) sample dynamics(ii,iii,iv) 3) microscope 4) scintillator(ii,iii,iv)

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

H (q)∝e

− q qscint

ITF: model

(i) M. Manfredda, PhD thesis

qscint=0.59 μ m

−1

qscint=0.48 μ m

−1

(L=13 μm ) (L=11 μm )

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Possible contributions: 1) particle form factor(i) 2) sample dynamics(ii,iii,iv) 3) microscope 4) scintillator(ii,iii,iv)

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

H (q)∝e

− q qscint

ITF: model

(i) M. Manfredda, PhD thesis (ii) M. D. Alaimo et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. (2009) (iii) R. Cerbino et al, Nat. Phys. (2008) (iv) Y . Kashyap et al, Phys. Rev. A (2015)

qscint=0.59 μ m

−1

qscint=0.48 μ m

−1

(L=13 μm ) (L=11 μm )

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  • pical Workshop – Krakow, Poland – April 1 to 3, 2019 M. Siano

The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

H (q)∝e

− q qscint

ITF: model

Possible contributions: 1) particle form factor(i) 2) sample dynamics(ii,iii,iv) 3) microscope 4) scintillator(ii,iii,iv)

(i) M. Manfredda, PhD thesis (ii) M. D. Alaimo et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. (2009) (iii) R. Cerbino et al, Nat. Phys. (2008) (iv) Y . Kashyap et al, Phys. Rev. A (2015)

qscint=0.59 μ m

−1

qscint=0.48 μ m

−1

(L=13 μm ) (L=11 μm )

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Conclusions and perspectives

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

Conclusions & perspectives

Possibility of beam size measurements with HNFS: simple, inexpensive, robust, 2D information S/N optimization (CCD, sample, scintillator, … ) Essential to precisely know the ITF Measurable with the same technique (no third-party instrumentation), mainly dictated by scintillator → higher resolution to probe finer fringes More accurate measurements, comparison with simulations (Fluka, Geant4, … )

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“Wo wiel Licht, ist starker Schatten” Goethe “Shades are deeper where the light is stronger. Often, yet, they’re part of the same knowledge. Shades and darkness are not the same, for the first is cast by something, but the latter is not. Any time that a strong shadow appears, there is a chance for the knowledge to advance. Not necessarily by killing the shadow, turning it into light, but simply by asking where the shadow arises from. Which may even be from the superposition of two or many lights.”

  • M. Manfredda
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Backup slides

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

ITF at ESRF

  • R. Cerbino et al, Nat. Phys. (2008)
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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

Coherence at ESRF

  • M. D. Alaimo et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. (2009)

Hor diffraction by → slits Ver defective → toroidal mirror

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The Heterodyne Near Field Speckle (HNFS) technique The role of the scintillator Recent results at ALBA Conclusions and perspectives

Walk-off effect