Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks - Lecture - Tristan Berchoux Tristan.Berchoux@winchester.ac.uk Understanding Urban and Rural Societies BA (Hons) Sociology BSc Geography 7 March 2017

Main Contents Overview of the presentation 1 Recap 2 Introduction 3 The FMD Epidemic 4 Paradigm 5 Conceptual Frameworks 6 Data: collection and analysis 7 Conclusion 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 1/33

Specificities of the rural Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion Rurality and development 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 2/33

Specificities of the rural Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion Ecosystem Services 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 2/33

Specificities of the rural Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion Common-pool resources 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 2/33

Key thinkers and their ideas Key thinkers and their ideas ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion T¨ onnies • Discipline: early founder of emerging field of sociology • Context: late XIX th century, early industrial • Theory: macro impact upon the micro, forms of human association • Themes: impact of the industrial revolution • Methodology: armchair theorising • Treatment of the rural: nostalgic, continuum 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 3/33

Key thinkers and their ideas Key thinkers and their ideas ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion T¨ onnies Community studies • Discipline: borders of sociology and anthropology • Context: 1960s • Theory: structural functionalism • Themes: consensus • Methodology: large case study, multi method, longitudinal • Treatment of the rural: nostalgia 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 3/33

Key thinkers and their ideas Key thinkers and their ideas ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion T¨ onnies Community studies Pahl • Discipline: sociology, urban studies • Context: mid-1960s, highly complex industrial society • Theory: social class related to capacity for choice/freedom • Themes: intra-class conflict, urbanisation • Methodology: case study • Treatment of the rural: rejection of the sociological worth of the rural 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 3/33

Key thinkers and their ideas Key thinkers and their ideas ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion Community studies Pahl Newby • Discipline: sociology • Context: 1970s - 1980s • Theory: deferential thesis • Themes: class conflict, paternalism, property and power • Methodology: qualitative and quantitative, longitudinal • Treatment of the rural: sceptical 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 3/33

Key thinkers and their ideas Key thinkers and their ideas ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion Pahl Newby Marsden • Discipline: sociology/geography • Context: mid-1980s+ • Theory: neo-Marxist, political-economy emphasis • Themes: class relations, regionalism • Methodology: quantitative • Treatment of the rural: important contribution to rural policy 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 3/33

Key thinkers and their ideas Key thinkers and their ideas ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion Newby Marsden Cloke • Discipline: human geography • Context: mid-1980s+, global society • Theory: neo-Marxist, synthesis of the micro and macro • Themes: sociocultural, power, intraclass “fractions”, gender, race, disability, age • Methodology: ethnography • Treatment of the rural: salient, advocates for regional analysis 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 3/33

Landscapes Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion Scales 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 4/33

Landscapes Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion Landscape analysis 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 4/33

Landscapes Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion Landscape changes 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 4/33

Landscapes Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion Landscape changes 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 4/33

Main Contents Outline of the presentation 1 Recap 2 Introduction 3 The FMD Epidemic 4 Paradigm 5 Conceptual Frameworks 6 Data: collection and analysis 7 Conclusion 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 5/33

Introduction Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion Research Steps 1. Research Problem 2. Paradigm 3. Aims and Objectives 4. Literature Review 5. Research Questions 6. Data Collection and Analysis 7. Interpretation of the Results 8. Evaluation of the Research 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 6/33

The Research Onion Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 7/33

Goals and objectives Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion Research methodology • Define the key terms ontology, epistemology and explain their relevance to rural studies • Explain the relevance of philosophical stances and research approaches • Distinguish between main research strategies and explain their specificities 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 8/33

Goals and objectives Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion Research methodology Conceptualisation • Explain the role of a conceptual framework • Identify stakeholders’ own conceptual framework • Analyse data using different conceptual frameworks Data • Distinguish between main data collection methods • Define reflexivity • Explain the relevance of different data analysis methods 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 8/33

Main Contents Outline of the presentation 1 Recap 2 Introduction 3 The FMD Epidemic 4 Paradigm 5 Conceptual Frameworks 6 Data: collection and analysis 7 Conclusion 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 9/33

Overview of FMD in 2001 Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion Introduction • A useful case study ▶ Exposes problems facing British agriculture (XXI st century) ▶ Shows how how social aspects of rural issues have been neglected ▶ Demonstrates the role of sociology • Description of the disease ▶ Infectious viral disease manifested in a fever and lesions ▶ Affects cloven-hoofed farm animals (except horses) 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 10/33

Overview of FMD in 2001 Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion UK Outbreak 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 10/33

Overview of FMD in 2001 Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion UK Outbreak 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 10/33

Overview of FMD in 2001 Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion UK Outbreak 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 10/33

Overview of FMD in 2001 Recap ▶ Introduction ▶ FMD ▶ Paradigm ▶ Frameworks ▶ Data ▶ Conclusion UK Outbreak • Disease out of control ▶ Infected animals remained alive for days and contribute to further spread • Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) ▶ Traced its spread ▶ Traditional methods: slaughter and livestock movement restriction • Ban of British exports by disease-free importing nations 7 March 2017 Characterising rural societies: methodologies and frameworks 10/33