SLIDE 19 (c) ¡2017 ¡BiointelligenceLab, ¡SNU 19
- 1. The prior as the importance distribution. Examining the recursive formula of
- Eq. (14.116) for updating the weights, we see that the importance distribution is
defined by how we choose the denominator
( ) ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) 1 1 1
( | , ) on the right-hand side
- f the equation. In the SIR filter, this choice is made by setting
( | , ) ( where, on the right-hand side of the equation, | ) | ) ( is
− − − −
=
i i n n n i i n n n n n n n
q q p p x x y x x y x x x x
1
the prior, or state-transition
- distribution. In effect, the SIR filter blindly samples from the prior (
completely ignoring the information about the state contained in the
| tion . ), E
− n n n n
p x x x y quation (14.119) follows from the Markovian assumption.
( ) 1
- 2. Sampling importance resampling. In the SIR filter, resampling is applied at
every time-step of the nonlinear filtering process; consequently, in Eq. (14.116) we have w =1/ for 1, 2, ..., Bec
−
=
i n
N i N ause 1/ is a constant, it may be ignored.Thus, the need for an accumulation
- ver time of the incremental correction factor in Eq. (14.116) is no longer needed.
Accordingly, the use of Eqs. (14.119) and N
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(14.120) in Eq. (14.116) yields the much simplified formula where is the likelihood function of the observation ( | ) for 1, 2, . , given the state for par . ticle i. ., ( | ) ∝ = %i
i n n n i i n n n n
w l i N l y x y x y x Naturally, normalization of the importance weights calculated using the proportionality equation of Eq. (14.121) is carried out after each resampling step of the SIR filtering algorithm.
Sequential ¡Importance ¡Sampling
14.8 ¡Particle ¡Filters (5/9)