C&I Reporting & C&I Analytic Networks Dr. Aljoscha - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

C&I Reporting & C&I Analytic Networks

• Dr. Aljoscha Requardt

University of Hamburg (UHH)/ Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute (vTI) Institute for World Forestry www.worldforestry.de

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Where to find which forest data? What are the information priorities, the key indicators, we focus on in our pan-European monitoring, assessment and reporting activities? C&I Reporting

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Health & Vitality C2 Forest damage 2.4 Defoliation 2.3 Soil condition 2.2 Deposition of air pollutants 2.1 Socio-Economic Functions C6 Cultural and spiritual values 6.11 Accessibility for recreation 6.10 Energy from wood resources 6.9 Trade in wood 6.8 Wood consumption 6.7 Occupational safety and health 6.6 Forest sector workforce 6.5 Expenditures for services 6.4 Net revenue 6.3 Contribution of forest sector to GDP 6.2 Forest holdings 6.1 Biodiversity C4 Protected forests 4.9 Threatened forest species 4.8 Landscape pattern 4.7 Genetic resources 4.6 Deadwood 4.5 Introduced tree species 4.4 Naturalness 4.3 Regeneration 4.2 Tree species composition 4.1 Carbon stock 1.4 Age structure and/

• r diameter distribution

1.3 Growing stock 1.2 Forest area 1.1 Forest Resources & Carbon C1 Forests under management plans 3.5 Services 3.4 Non-wood goods 3.3 Roundwood 3.2 Increment and fellings 3.1 Productive Functions C3 Protective forests – infrastructure and managed natural resources 5.2 Protective forests – soil, water and other ecosystem functions 5.1 Protective Functions C5

MCPFE C&I for SFM

6 Criteria und 35 quantitative Indicators

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

C&I – Network of Demand/Supply

C&I

National Data Sources

• NFI
• Forest Economic Statistics
• Geospatial / Land Cover Statistics
• Red List of endangered species
• Soil Assessments
• Timber Market Statistics
• Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects
• Labour and Safety Statistics
• etc.

International Data Collection Systems and Services

• EC JRC
• ICP Forests/ Forest Focus
• EEA Eionet
• EUROSTAT
• UNECE/FAO TBFRA
• FAO FRA 2000, FRA 2005
• OECD
• etc.

Influencing Initiatives and Expert Dialogues

• MCPFE Advisory Group
• EFICS
• FAO-FRA
• FAO Expert meeting on harmonisation

forest-related definitions

• UNECE/FAO ToS on Forest Resources

Assessment

• UNECE/FAO Working Party on Forest

Economics and Statistics

• UNFF: Working Group on MAR
• CICI 2003/ ECCI 2004
• ENFIN, COST E43
• ICP Forests
• etc.

Policy Processes

• CSD / Agenda 21
• MCPFE
• Montreal Process
• ITTO
• IAF: UNFF/ CPF
• FCCC/Kyoto, CBD, CCD
• UNEP
• EU Forest Strategy
• etc.

national and international Institutions and Organisations (governmental and non-governmental) active within the Forest Political Dialogue and SFM

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

158 - selected sources (MCPFE list + new)

45% 11% 20% 6% 7% 11%

data bases information systems reports assessments/ questionaires projects/ temp.outputs programmes/ regulations

158 – international sources EEA EFI ESA EUROSTAT FAO IEA ILO IPCC IPGRI ITTO IUCN EC JRC OECD UNECE UNECE/ EC MCPFE UNEP UNFCCC UNIDO World Bank WRI CoE CSD UNESCO

International data sources and C&I data coverage

Complexity and variety of investigated sources

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

EEA EFI ESA EUROSTAT FAO IEA ILO IPCC IPGRI ITTO IUCN EC JRC OECD UNECE UNECE/ EC MCPFE UNEP UNFCCC UNIDO World Bank WRI CoE CSD UNESCO

International data sources and C&I data coverage

Complexity and variety of investigated sources

52 selected sources 26 10 7 5 1 3

1 criterion covered 2 criteria covered 3 criteria covered 4 criteria covered 5 criteria covered 6 criteria covered

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 EUSIS - European Soil Information System EFFIS - European Forest Fire Information System Global Land Cover 2000 Database Global Burnt Area 2000 Database EIONET - Data Service EIONET - EUNIS European Nature Information System CDDA - European Common Database on Designated Areas Forest Map of Europe EFI-WFSE Trade Flow database EFISCEN European Forest Resource (EEFR) Database DFDE - Database on Forest Disturbances in Europe EUROPROMS - European Production and Market Statistics COMEXT Database GISCO - Geographical Information System of the European Commission New Cronos DB: Forestry Statistics DB New Cronos DB: EAF - Economic Accounts for Forestry (wood sector) Renewable Energy Resources Statistics FAOSTAT FORIS - Forestry Information System - Country Profiles FRA 2005 FRA 2000 Non-Wood Products Database 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species ISSG - Invasive Species Database Compendium of Environmental Data Key Environmental Indicators Energy Statistics Labour Market Statsitics DB Labour Force Statistics DB TBFRA 2000 Timber Database Forest Fire Statistics DB EMEP ICP Forests/ Forest Focus - Level I ICP Forests/ Forest Focus - Level II GEO-3 Data Compendium GRID - Global Resource Information Database WDPA - World Database on Protected Areas Datasets and Maps of Forests and Protection Species Database WDI - World Development Indicators The Little Green Data Book WRI EarthTrends - Country Profiles ESA ATSR World Fire Atlas IEA Energy Statistics ILO LABORSTA IPCC EFDB - Database on Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors IPGRI EUFORGEN - European Forest Genetic Resources Programme ITTO Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation UNIDO Industrial Statistics (ISIC 20/21) UNFCCC Greenhouse Gas Inventory DB MCPFE RFRA 2003 - MCPFE new assessm. CoE EMERALD Pilot-Database CoE European Landscape Convention CSD Indicators of Sustainable Development EC BioSoil (Level I) EC ForestBiota (Level II) EC JRC Forest Focus - Forest Mapping EC/ EEA NATURA 2000 Database ESA GMES GSE Forest Monitoring - Services and Products EUROSTAT New Cronos DB: EAF - Economic Accounts for Forestry (non-wood sector) OECD/EEA Environmentally Related Taxes DB UNECE EFSOS (new assessm.) UNESCO World Heritage Convention/ MaB Programme EC JRC EEA EFI EUROSTAT FAO IUCN OECD UNECE UNECE/ EC UNEP UNEP- WCMC World Bank Other Future Potential Sources number of covered indicators

Criterion 1 Criterion 2 Criterion 3 Criterion 4 Criterion 5 Criterion 6

ISSG - Invasive Species Database Compendium of Environmental Data Key Environmental Indicators Energy Statistics Labour Market Statsitics DB Labour Force Statistics DB TBFRA 2000 Timber Database Forest Fire Statistics DB EMEP ICP Forests/ Forest Focus - Level I ICP Forests/ Forest Focus - Level II GEO-3 Data Compendium

International data sources and C&I data coverage

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 EEA EFI ESA EUROSTAT FAO IEA ILO IPCC IPGRI ITTO IUCN EC JRC OECD UNECE UNECE/ EC MCPFE UNEP UNFCCC UNIDO WorldBank WRI number of covered indicators

Criteria 1 Criteria 2 Criteria 3 Criteria 4 Criteria 5 Criteria 6

Data potential - 21 relevant international institutions

International data sources and C&I data coverage

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

5 10 15 20 25

• Indc. 1.1

Indc.1.2 Indc.1.3

• Indc. 1.4
• Indc. 2.1
• Indc. 2.2
• Indc. 2.3
• Indc. 2.4
• Indc. 3.1
• Indc. 3.2
• Indc. 3.3
• Indc. 3.4
• Indc. 3.5
• Indc. 4.1
• Indc. 4.2
• Indc. 4.3
• Indc. 4.4
• Indc. 4.5
• Indc. 4.6
• Indc. 4.7
• Indc. 4.8
• Indc. 4.9
• Indc. 5.1
• Indc. 5.2
• Indc. 6.1
• Indc. 6.2
• Indc. 6.3
• Indc. 6.4
• Indc. 6.5
• Indc. 6.6
• Indc. 6.7
• Indc. 6.8
• Indc. 6.9
• Indc. 6.10
• Indc. 6.11

number of sources

Indicator coverage - 52 selected international sources

International data sources and C&I data coverage

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

<Q3=core indicators / >Q1=deficit indicators

5 10 15 20 25

• Indc. 1.1
• Indc. 2.4
• Indc. 4.9
• Indc. 3.2
• Indc. 1.2
• Indc. 1.4
• Indc. 4.8
• Indc. 3.1
• Indc. 3.3
• Indc. 4.1
• Indc. 6.8
• Indc. 4.3
• Indc. 5.1
• Indc. 6.5
• Indc. 6.7
• Indc. 2.3
• Indc. 3.5
• Indc. 4.5
• Indc. 4.7
• Indc. 5.2
• Indc. 1.3
• Indc. 2.1
• Indc. 2.2
• Indc. 4.2
• Indc. 6.1
• Indc. 6.9
• Indc. 4.4
• Indc. 6.2
• Indc. 6.10
• Indc. 3.4
• Indc. 4.6
• Indc. 6.3
• Indc. 6.4
• Indc. 6.6
• Indc. 6.11

number of sources

Indicator coverage - 52 selected international sources

International data sources and C&I data coverage

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

C&I Networks What are all the forest reports about, if we don’t understand and know much about the multiple cause and effect relationships between reported criteria and indicators?

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

A deeper look at the world reveals many relationships and component systems that are important to the operation and viability of the total system, even though they are not immediately obvious. A systems view is, therefore, required for capturing and understanding essential relationships. (Hartmut Bossel, IISD 1999) C&I Networks

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

correlation

Correlation - SFM and its measurement components C&I Networks

35 Indicators SFM ecologic dimension economic dimension socio-cultural dimension Criterion 1 Criterion 2 Criterion 3 Criterion 4 Criterion 5 Criterion 6 correlation & aggregation Data

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Anton Lisa Fritz Julia Peter Tom Anton Lisa Fritz Julia Peter Tom Anton Lisa Fritz Julia Peter Tom Anton Lisa Fritz Julia Peter Tom Anton Lisa Fritz Julia Peter Tom E1 E2 E3 Anton Lisa Fritz Julia Peter Tom E1 E2 E3

Sn S2 S1 Nn N2 N1

Two Mode Network

Nn N2 N1 Nn N2 N1

One Mode Network

Modelling C&I Networks – applying approaches of Social Network Analysis

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Ties:

• binary (0/1)
• signed +/-
• ordinal
• directed or bonded

Sn S2 S1 Nn N2 N1

Two Mode Network

Nn N2 N1 Nn N2 N1

One Mode Network

Modelling C&I Networks – applying approaches of Social Network Analysis

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Indegree Outdegree

1 N i j

• dj

xij x

=

= =

∑

1 N j ij i i

id x x

=

= =

∑

Centrality

1 1

( 1)

N N ijk i j k

x D N N

= =

Δ = −

∑∑

Density

( )

D i i ij ji j j

C n d x x = = =

∑ ∑

( ) ( )

n n B i jk i j k

C n b n

<

=∑∑ Betweenness-Centrality ( ² ) / 2 2 N N N ⎛ ⎞ = − ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ Dyad

Sn S2 S1 Nn N2 N1

Two Mode Network

Nn N2 N1 Nn N2 N1

One Mode Network

Modelling C&I Networks – applying approaches of Social Network Analysis

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Correlation Network of the 35 pan-European Indicators – Disconnected

0,0 dΔ =

C&I Networks

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Correlation Network of the 35 pan-European Indicators – MCPFE C&I Background Document (2002)

0,124 dΔ =

C&I Networks

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Correlation Network of the 35 pan-European Indicators – MCPFE C&I Background Document (2002)

0,159 dΔ =

C&I Networks

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Correlation Network of the 35 pan-European Indicators – Enhanced 1

0,189 dΔ =

C&I Networks

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Correlation Network of the 35 pan-European Indicators – Enhanced 2

0,227 dΔ = C&I Networks

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

110 22 99 55 44 44 C6 22 2 18 10 8 8 C5 99 18 72 45 36 36 C4 55 10 45 20 20 20 C3 44 8 36 20 12 16 C2 44 8 36 20 16 12 C1 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1

Correlation model – pan-European criteria (Theory)

number of potentially possible links according to the 35 pan-European indicators

Potential C&I Networks

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

2 1 4 2 C6 25 C5 1 11 3 19 C4 4 35 15 15 C3 50 6 15 83 25 C2 25 17 5 19 33 C1 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 relative number of links in %, indicated in the MCPFE Background Document (2002)

Correlation model – pan-European criteria (Indicated) Relative C&I Networks

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

indicator coverage - 52 selected international data sources

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

• Indc. 1.1

Indc.1.2 Indc.1.3

• Indc. 1.4
• Indc. 2.1
• Indc. 2.2
• Indc. 2.3
• Indc. 2.4
• Indc. 3.1
• Indc. 3.2
• Indc. 3.3
• Indc. 3.4
• Indc. 3.5
• Indc. 4.1
• Indc. 4.2
• Indc. 4.3
• Indc. 4.4
• Indc. 4.5
• Indc. 4.6
• Indc. 4.7
• Indc. 4.8
• Indc. 4.9
• Indc. 5.1
• Indc. 5.2
• Indc. 6.1
• Indc. 6.2
• Indc. 6.3
• Indc. 6.4
• Indc. 6.5
• Indc. 6.6
• Indc. 6.7
• Indc. 6.8
• Indc. 6.9
• Indc. 6.10
• Indc. 6.11

(nr)

correlation network of pan-European indicators - Indegree

2 4 6 8 10 12

• Indc. 1.1
• Indc. 1.2
• Indc. 1.3
• Indc. 1.4
• Indc. 2.1
• Indc. 2.2
• Indc. 2.3
• Indc. 2.4
• Indc. 3.1
• Indc. 3.2
• Indc. 3.3
• Indc. 3.4
• Indc. 3.5
• Indc. 4.1
• Indc. 4.2
• Indc. 4.3
• Indc. 4.4
• Indc. 4.5
• Indc. 4.6
• Indc. 4.7
• Indc. 4.8
• Indc. 4.9
• Indc. 5.1
• Indc. 5.2
• Indc. 6.1
• Indc. 6.2
• Indc. 6.3
• Indc. 6.4
• Indc. 6.5
• Indc. 6.6
• Indc. 6.7
• Indc. 6.8
• Indc. 6.9
• Indc. 6.10
• Indc. 6.11

number of links

correlation network of pan-European indicators - Outdegree

2 4 6 8 10 12

• Indc. 1.1
• Indc. 1.2
• Indc. 1.3
• Indc. 1.4
• Indc. 2.1
• Indc. 2.2
• Indc. 2.3
• Indc. 2.4
• Indc. 3.1
• Indc. 3.2
• Indc. 3.3
• Indc. 3.4
• Indc. 3.5
• Indc. 4.1
• Indc. 4.2
• Indc. 4.3
• Indc. 4.4
• Indc. 4.5
• Indc. 4.6
• Indc. 4.7
• Indc. 4.8
• Indc. 4.9
• Indc. 5.1
• Indc. 5.2
• Indc. 6.1
• Indc. 6.2
• Indc. 6.3
• Indc. 6.4
• Indc. 6.5
• Indc. 6.6
• Indc. 6.7
• Indc. 6.8
• Indc. 6.9
• Indc. 6.10
• Indc. 6.11

number of links

Indegree

Indication of indicator validity – Correlation?!

Outdegree Coverage

C&I Networks

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

economic ecological socio- and cultural

dynamic framework

• f Sustainability

SFM SFM SFM

societal ecological economic

dynamic framework

• f sustainability

How to define C&I Networks?

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

6.7 Wood Consumption 6.8 Trade in wood 1.1 Forest area 1.2 Growing stock 1.4 Carbon stock 3.2 Increment and fellings 3.2 Roundwood 6.9 Energy from wood resources 1.3 Age Structure/Diameter distribution 4.5 Deadwood 4.1 Tree species composition Story Telling How to define C&I Networks?

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Delphi-Study 6.7 Wood Consumption 6.8 Trade in wood 1.1 Forest area 1.2 Growing stock 1.4 Carbon stock 3.2 Increment and fellings 3.2 Roundwood 6.9 Energy from wood resources 1.3 Age Structure/Diameter distribution 4.5 Deadwood 4.1 Tree species composition How to define C&I Networks?

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

6.7 Wood Consumption 6.8 Trade in wood 1.1 Forest area 1.2 Growing stock 1.4 Carbon stock 3.2 Increment and fellings 3.2 Roundwood 6.9 Energy from wood resources 1.3 Age Structure/Diameter distribution 4.5 Deadwood 4.1 Tree species composition MCDM How to define C&I Networks?

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Driving Forces

• fossil fuel consumption
• waste dumps
• mining
• agriculture

Responses

• energy taxes
• energy-saving programmes
• fuel subsititution
• energy recovery from landfills
• flourcarbon emission reduction measures

State

• atmospheric concentration of

greenhouse gases

• mean temperature
• sea-level rise

Pressures

• Emission of green house gases

Impact

• effects on human health
• change in species abundance

and distribution

• water availability

DPSIR - Concept

Climate Change (EEA,1998)

How to define C&I Networks?

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Data Modelling How to define C&I Networks?

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Modelling linkages between different indicator systems

• CSD Indicators of Sustainable Development
• World Bank WDI
• OECD Key Environmental Indicators
• EEA Indicators (CSI)
• EU Sustainable Development Strategy Indicators
• EU/EEA Agri-Environmental Indicators
• EU/EEA European 2010 Biodiversity Indicators
• MCPFE C&I for SFM

How to define C&I Networks?

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

• agriculture
• water/marine systems
• forests

Modelling linkages between different environmental/ land use systems How to define C&I Networks?

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Modelling linkages between different policy sectors/ level

• European/Global level
• National/Regional level
• FMU level

How to define C&I Networks?

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Fact based stories Key indicators Management indicators System indicators

Number of pieces of information Increasing detail and specifity

Mutual relationships of systems and their sub-systems How to define C&I Networks? Paraphrasing Albert Einstein: Indicator sets should be as simple as possible, but not simpler. Drawback: complexity increases exponentially

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Theory of C&I Networks VS Wake Theory Nothing can be managed in convenient isolation! Conclusion

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Modelling C&I networks for different forest sector scenarios, helps: a) to strengthen the understanding of each indicator meaning and purpose. b) to understand different relationships between multiple dimensions of SFM. c) to implement SFM in consideration of different conflicts of interests at different scales and within different forest regions. d) to set priorities within Monitoring, Assessment and Reporting processes (aspect: data quality, data comparability etc.) Conclusion C&I networks can in fact be highly useful to improve concepts that enable assessment of progress to defined management priorities and objectives!

C&I Workshop, Joensuu/Finland, 19-21 May 2008 A.Requardt

Thank you!