Building Performance Evaluation Roderic Bunn Why should I do BPE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Building Performance Evaluation

Roderic Bunn

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The built environment experts

Why should I do BPE and POE?

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The built environment experts

• Your design assumptions will be poorly informed
• You won’t find out how well those design assumptions work in practice
• You won’t learn from your mistakes – or your successes
• Under-performance will come as a shock, but it might not be your fault
• You won’t be able to see where the problems lie – misfiring kit, controls

poorly configured, clients running things wastefully, extended hours of use, higher density occupation, or something else...

• You’ll join generations of building designers who have gone into denial
• ver under-performance, because pride, premature marketing of

sustainable achievements, and a culture of blame frustrates attempts to deliver a professional service to construction clients

Because if you don’t:

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The built environment experts

Project Occupied TFA m2 Pupils BREEAM EPC/BER DEC/OR 2010 DEC/OR 2011 DEC/OR 2012

Bessemer Grange Sept 2010 685 Very good N/A N/A N/A C (64)x Rogiet Primary School Sept 2009 1660 210 Excellent B (32) C (65) N/A N/A Loxford School of Science &Technology April 2010 14,610 2030 Excellent B (31) N/A E (116) N/A Brine Leas (Sixth Form Centre) Sept 2010 2799 300 Very good B (36) N/A E (est) N/A Stockport Academy Sept 2008 10,490 900 Very good B (47) E (106) E (est) N/A Petchey Academy Sept 2007 10,490 1200 Very good C (64)*** G (200) G (193) N/A Pennywell Academy June 2009 10,172 860* Very good B (34) D (96) ** F (146) Expired Cressex Community School July 2010 11,624 650**** Very good B (31) N/A Not assessed Not assessed St Peter the Apostle High School June 2009 16,185 1600 Very good B ( 25)***** N/A N/A Not assessed

TFA: Net floor area EPC: Energy Performance Certificate DEC: Display Energy Certificate BER: Building Emission Rate in KgCO2/m2 per annum OR: Operational Rating in KgCO2/m2 per annum *Design figure. Current occupancy 1100+ **Error on floor area calculation ***Error on fuel source ****Currently under occupied full capacity is 1100 pupils *****Scottish EPC which uses a different methodology

x Readings from data logged on www.smeasure.co.uk

EPC/BER DEC/OR 2010 DEC/OR 2011 DEC/OR 2012

N/A N/A N/A E (116) B (36) N/A E ( B (47) E (106) E ( C (64)*** G (200) G B (34) D (96) ** F (146) B (31) N/A N/A B ( 25)***** N/A N/A

DEC/OR 2011 DEC/OR 2012

N/A E ( E (10 E ( G (200 G

D (96) ** F (146) N/A N/A N/A N/A

Hindsight, insight and foresight in design

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The built environment experts

A recent history of BPE/POE

1996 – 2001 The PROBE Project

Energy consumption often much higher than 1990 benchmarks Feature packed, but not always functional Unmanageably complex controls Buildings not finished at handover

2006 – 2010 Low Carbon Buildings Performance

23 projects awarded DECC grants for renewables and Carbon Trust mentoring Even more feature-packed, but often not functional More unmanageably complex controls and BMS Buildings still not finished or commissioned at handover Energy consumption over 3 times Part L compliance calculations LZC technologies often risky, fragile and bolted on a dysfunctional core

2011 – £8 million TSB-funded Building Performance Evaluation

………Same again? Looking very much like it… Increasing systems complexity, poor commissioning BMS systems impenetrable and confusing Excessive layering of controls with bespoke protocols Lack of training and customer support after handover Energy sub-metering either too little or too much, and often inaccurate

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The built environment experts

25 50 75 100 125

Ty pic a l Good pr a c t ic e 2 0 0 2 Re gula t ions 2 5 % r e duc t ion inc luding up t o 10 % f or r e ne wa ble s 2 0 0 6 Ta r ge t Emissions Ra t e ( TER) P ERC ov e r a ll e missions r e duc t ion Building Emissions Ra t e ( BER) Init ia l c onsumpt ion ( f ir st y e a r ) Be nc hma r k s Building Re gula t ions

kgCO

2/m2 per annum

Fabric and systems efficiency improvements Regulatory requirements Renewables contribution Actual performance Benchmarks

Credibility gaps between virtual performance and actual performance

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The built environment experts

What’s causing the energy waste?

• Energy intensive systems Fans, pumps, controls, lighting, catering

equipment, ICT, office equipment, refrigeration

• Things running for long periods Use of the building outside normal

hours, and/or local control that is either absent or difficult for caretakers to exercise

• Things left on when not needed Lighting, external security systems,

computers and printers on standby or overnight charging, vending machines, fridges and freezers during summer holidays

• Things that don’t work properly Systems and controls that are either

inappropriate, over-complex, difficult to use and maintain - and often poorly commissioned

• Things difficult for occupants to operate and change Controls that

are either too basic or too complex

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It’s not just about energy – it’s also about manageability, maintainability and usability…

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Why occupant surveys matter

They provide insights on what will make the building comfortable and productive They provide guidance on critical factors for success:

• control over environment
• human perceptions of comfort and discomfort conditions
• tolerance to disturbance
• stable or unstable conditions
• quality of facilities management
• and a wide range of usability and manageability issues

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A tale of two buildings…

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Design professionals are still hoodwinked by a good image

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Anecdotes underpin the statistical response

“It’s a beautiful work of art, but we have to keep

going outside for air” “It’s nice to look at, but not friendly to work in” “It’s very beautiful and fun to show school groups around, but it’s not work or user friendly”

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We’ll automate it! How will it work?

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• The maintenance man has full knowledge of the controls, but staff (carers and

nurses) have no knowledge. The FM is finding excessive set point temperatures (One living room had been set to 300C by a nurse). Training may not help much…

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The built environment experts

We’ll automate it! How will it work?

All this should happen in the Soft Landings process

TSB portfolio of BPE techniques Also techniques listed at www.usablebuildings.co.uk

Aptitude, expertise and experience Analysis & reporting Core techniques

Basic building blocks of BPE

Energy analysis (TM22 or equiv) Understanding of benchmarking Knowledge of BMS reporting Able to use and read sub-meters Occupant surveys (BUS or equivalent) Facilitation techniques Workshops and interviews where needed Other appropriate methods Fairly benchmarked Complete and unabridged Narrative, backed up by good data Context fully recorded

Forensic skills: process & technical Numerate (energy) Literate (reporting) Objective & analytical, Good facilitation skills (& diplomatic!)

Consistent Honest Transparent Comparable Factual Accessible

Now please challenge me…

Roderic Bunn

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The built environment experts

Elizabeth II Court: Soft Landings in practice

• A classic opportunity for

demonstrating low carbon refurbishment

• Shows what is possible given

enough time, budget, and a design brief that is informed by analysis and feedback from the existing building

• Ambitions for energy use and
• ccupant satisfaction were well

informed and realistic

• Sustainability and energy efficiency

were key project objectives for the refurbishment

• The redeveloped 3000 m2 East block

was completed in December 2008

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The built environment experts

• The buildings were refurbished back to

the structure, with new facades and comfort systems

• Energy targets 57 kWh/m2 per annum for

fossil fuel and 66 kWh/m2 per annum for electricity

• Combined carbon dioxide emission

target of 35 kgCO2/m2 per annum was a 10% improvement over benchmark (Energy Consumption Guide 19 )

• Completion December 2008. Hampshire

County Council and the Carbon Trust carried out performance monitoring November 2009 to October 2010

• 12 month monitored results have come

in at 131 kWh/m2 per annum, 7 per cent higher than the original design target

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The built environment experts

Energy analysis

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2008 survey

Elizabeth II Court survey results

Covered by CIBSE Codes & Guides As above, but needs more thought These have metric potential Don’t even go there…

Possible SL metrics