BORN-DIGITAL PRESERVATION BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES Classroom - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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BORN-DIGITAL PRESERVATION BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES Classroom - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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BORN-DIGITAL PRESERVATION BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES Classroom Building 215, University of Wyoming Tuesday, March 7 3:30 PM ahc.uwyo.edu Tyler G. Cline Digital Archivist and Head of Digital Programs UW American Heritage Center

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BORN-DIGITAL PRESERVATION BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES

Classroom Building 215, University of Wyoming Tuesday, March 7 3:30 PM

ahc.uwyo.edu

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tyler.cline@uwyo.edu Tyler G. Cline Digital Archivist and Head of Digital Programs UW American Heritage Center

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BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES

  • Identifying physical media
  • Identifying file systems and file types
  • Working with older hardware
  • Using preservation tools
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INTRODUCTION What are born-digital records?

ahc.uwyo.edu

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DEFINING BORN-DIGITAL RECORDS

  • Created electronically
  • Not human-readable
  • Hardware and software

dependent

  • Non-linear (many ways to
  • rder the records)

Source: SAA Dictionary

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DIFFERENCES FROM PHYSICAL RECORDS

PHYSICAL: Generally high longevity when stored in climate-controlled conditions DIGITAL: Low longevity for some formats

Source: XKCD

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Left to Right:

  • Disc rot from failure in manufacturing process
  • Scratches from improper handling
  • Flaking from improper storage temperature (heat)

PHYSICAL MEDIA LIFESPAN

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DIFFERENCES FROM PHYSICAL RECORDS

  • Requires compatible software
  • Requires compatible hardware
  • Requires controlled storage environment
  • Easily damaged by handling, defects
  • Time is of the essence
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IDENTIFYING PHYSICAL MEDIA

ahc.uwyo.edu

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MAGNETIC MEDIA

Left to right: 8” disk, 5 ¼” disk, 3 ½” disk

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Left to right:

  • 400 kilobyte “single density” floppy disk
  • 720 kilobyte “double density” floppy disk
  • 1.44 megabyte “high density” floppy disk
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Left to right: Zip 100 disk, LS120 ”SuperDisk”

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Top left: 3.5” hard disk drives Lower right: 2.5” hard disk drives

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OPTICAL DISCS

Left to right:

  • Mini CD, CD-R
  • Dual-layer DVD
  • Quad-layer Blu-Ray disc
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FLASH-BASED MEDIA

Clockwise: USB flash drive, Comact Flash Card, SD Card, Mini SD Card, MicroSD Card, Solid State Drive

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FILE SYSTEMS How computers organize information

ahc.uwyo.edu

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FILE SYSTEMS

The file system organizes and interprets the discrete digital information (files).

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Left to right:

  • Apple //e computer using DOS 3.3 (disk operating

system)

  • IBM PC using FAT (file allocation table) file system
  • Macintosh 512k using HFS (hierarchal file system)
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WORKING WITH PHYSICAL MEDIA

ahc.uwyo.edu

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OBTAINING HARDWARE

Source: amazon.com

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OBTAINING HARDWARE

Source: amazon.com

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OBTAINING HARDWARE

„eBay „Amazon „IT Departments „Thrift Stores „Always buy more than

  • ne!

Source: eBay search for “5.25 floppy drive”

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USING 5.25” FLOPPY DRIVES: FC5025

Left: FC5025 Software interface, listing compatible file systems Right: FC5025 hardware, connected to a 5.25” disk drive

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USING 5.25” FLOPPY DRIVES: KRYOFLUX

Left: KryoFlux hardware Right: KryoFlux software running in MacOS X

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WRITE-BLOCKERS FOR HARD DISKS AND FLASH DRIVES

Source: UltraDock

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STEPS FOR BASIC PRESERVATION

ahc.uwyo.edu

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Source: Erway, Demystifying Born Digital I

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Source: BitCurator/Porter Olson

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BORROWING FROM DIGITAL FORENSICS: WRITE-BLOCKERS

Clockwise: USB write-blocker, write-protect tab on a 3.5” disk, write-protect tab

  • n an SD card
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BITCURATOR

Suite of tools for migration, metadata creation Based on Ubuntu Linux Installs easily on most PCs or in VirtualBox Free download, frequently updated

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Source: Erway, Demystifying Born Digital I

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„Copy files from discs to their subfolders on

the desktop

„Create a forensic disk image using

Guymager

„Use the .e01 “Expert Witness” disk image

format

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CHECKSUMS (FILE HASHES)

  • Digital “fingerprint”
  • Calculates a value for each

file or disk image

  • If bits in a file change, the

checksum will show as invalid

Source: Wikimedia Commons

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  • Two common types of

checksums

  • MD5 and SHA
  • Technically insecure
  • Okay to use for archival

work in controlled environment

CHECKSUMS (FILE HASHES)

Source: Google Research & Cryptology Group Netherlands

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MACINTOSH DISKS

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MACINTOSH DISKS

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DESCRIPTION: WHAT TO INCLUDE

  • Unique Identifier
  • Disk Label
  • Date Ingested
  • Steps Taken
  • Disk image checksum

Source: XKCD

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REDUNDANCY: DIFFERING STORAGE LOCATIONS

  • Two differing storage locations
  • One for general use (access)
  • One for limited use (dark archive)
  • More backups are okay! (differing geographic areas)
  • Start with what you can afford and implement

(e.g. two external drives are okay; RAID drive; networked storage w/backups

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YOU HAVE NOW PRESERVED DIGITAL RECORDS!

  • Identified disk types and used appropriate hardware
  • Disk image captured

(from BitCurator, HFS Explorer, KryoFlux, or FC5025)

  • File contents saved in unmodified form

(used hardware or software write-blocker)

  • Checksums created (MD5 or SHA256)
  • Disk information saved in separate file

(date, label, preservation actions)

  • Two copies in different locations
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QUESTION AND ANSWER PERIOD

Tyler G. Cline Digital Archivist and Head of Digital Programs UW American Heritage Center

ahc.uwyo.edu

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USEFUL LINKS

„ OCLC Demystifying Born-Digital Series

http://www.oclc.org/research/publications/library/born-digital- reports.html

„ Oracle VirtualBox

https://virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

„ BitCurator

http://wiki.bitcurator.org

„ Tableau Forensic Write-Blockers

https://www2.guidancesoftware.com

„ FC5025 for 5 ¼” floppy disks

http://shop.deviceside.com

„ KruoFlux for 5 ¼” and 3 ½” floppy disks

http://webstore.kryoflux.com