Bioengineering as a tools for upcycling of wastes and residues in an - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Bioengineering as a tools for upcycling of wastes and residues in an - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 14, 2023 12 likes •275 views

Bioengineering as a tools for upcycling of wastes and residues in an bioeconomy approach Irini Angelidaki Sustainability? The Vision - Bioeconomy 270.000 households sort biowaste from 2017 Urban biowaste - Copenhagen Source sorted household

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Bioengineering as a tools for upcycling of wastes and residues in an bioeconomy approach Irini Angelidaki

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Sustainability?

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The Vision - Bioeconomy

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270.000 households sort biowaste from 2017

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Source sorted household waste Organic waste from industries

Urban biowaste - Copenhagen

Biopulping technology

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Pulper Separator

Raw pulp buffer tank Dewatering unit

Buffer tank for pulping water

Biopulp storage tank

Waste inlet Washing water buffer tank

Biopulping technology

Biopulp

Bioenrgy group

Biopulp

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Biopulp

2: BioSuccinic acid 3: Lactic acid 1: Single cell protein 4: Biomethane

Valorizing urban bio-waste from Copenhagen

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1) Single Cell Protein (SCP)

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Demand for edible protein

  • 100 g of edible protein per person per day
  • Protein mainly comes from plant protein (soya)
  • World agricultural soils are limited.
  • Other sources for protein? Microbial protein (SCP)?
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  • SCP refers to edible unicellular microorganisms which contain protein.
  • Protein can be extracted from pure or mixed cultures of algae, yeasts,

fungi or bacteria.

  • The biomass produced can substitute protein rich foods.
  • It is suitable for human consumption or as animal feeds.

Single cell Protein

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Single cell Protein production

Biogas Digestate

CHP plants

Electricity Heat

Cleaning and upgrading

Fuel Home cooking fuel Bio-fertilizer

Dewatering & pasteurization

Treatment Fermentatio n

Microbial protein Bio-fertilizer

Biogas

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Digestate

Centrifuge pasteurize system

Digestate treatment for SCP production

Liquid fraction used to cultivate SCP Electrochemical process Extracted ammonium supplemented with trace elements used to cultivate SCP

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Yield and amino acid profile of SCP

YCH4, Centr. = 1.34 g/g CH4 YCH4, Elec. = 1.29 g/g CH4 YCH4, pure CH4 = 1.14 g/g CH4 YCH4, Biogas = 1.36 g/g CH4 YCH4, Upg.Biogas = 1.5 g/g CH4

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2) BioSuccinic Acid

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Food Application Cosmetics Application Pharmaceutical Application Industrial Application Others 1,4-butanediol Succindiamide 1,4-Diaminobutane Succinonitrile Dibasic ester N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone -Butyrolactone 2-Pyrrolidone Tetrahydrofuran

Spot price for SA ranges from 2.8 to 8.5 €/kg

BioSuccinic Acid – Platform Chemical

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Actinobac Actinobac illus illus succinoge succinoge nes nes Arabinose Fructose, Fucose Galactose, Glucose Glycerol (Diesel production) Lactose Maltose, Mannitol, Mannose Sorbitol Sucrose (NS) Xylose Glycerol

Biogas Biogas

CH4 CO2 CH4

Gas containing CH4 (95 %(v/v)) Effluent containing succinic acid

Feedstock

Simultaneous biomethane and biosuccinic acid production

SA

7C6H12O6 + 6CO2 ->12C4H6O4 + 6H2O BioSuccinic Acid - The Technology

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3) Lactic Acid

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Lactic Acid Fermentation

Lactobacillus delbrueckii DSM 20074 – Homofermenter; Optical purity 100% D-lactate; Industrial LA microbe (50 oC); Good for low pH, high ethanol

Lactic acid – From BioPup

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  • Addition of Lactobacillus delbrueckii DSM 20074
  • Pastaurisation/sterilisation
  • pH adjustment
  • Enzymatic pretreatment of BioPulp
  • Lactic Acid Extraction

Lactic acid – From BioPulp

  • Lactic acid yield: with pH

adjustment without LD (0.66 lactate g/g sugars)

  • Adjusting the pH of the raw biopulp

can improve the production of lactic acid by 21%

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4) Biomethane

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Anaerobic reactor Electricity Heat Natural gas Digested substrate Organic substrate Biogas 50-70% CH4 30-50% CO2 CH4>95% Vehicle fuels

Biogas production and utilisation Biogas production and utilisation

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  • CO2 together with H2 could be used by hydrogenotrophic

methanogens for methane production. 4H2+ CO2 => CH4+2H2O

  • H2 could be obtained by electrolysis of water using the surplus

electricity from eg. wind mills, or photovoltaics.

Water electrolysis H2 CO2, CH4 Excess renewable Electricity Biogas reactor CH

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Biogas upgrading with H2

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Biomethane

Biopulp Biochemical methane potential Specific methane yield = 544 ml CH4/g VS At confidence intervals of 95 and 99% no significant difference was observed among two batches in terms of specific methane yield

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Assessement - Scenarios

Scenario 1 - Biogas production Scenario 2 - SCP production + biogas production Scenario 3 - Lactic acid production + Biogas production Scenario 4 - Succinic acid production + Biogas production Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4

119 m3 biogas

1 tonne Biopulp

66 m3 biogas 20 kg SCP 60 m3 biogas 26 kg LA 64 m3 biogas 13.3 kg SA

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Acknowledgements

 To all the excellent co-workers, students, collaborators that have contributed to my research