Beyond Climate: Incorporating Novel Factors into Seed Transfer - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Beyond Climate: Incorporating Novel Factors into Seed Transfer - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Beyond Climate: Incorporating Novel Factors into Seed Transfer Guidelines Alexis Gibson, Cara Nelson, Lila Fishman, Susan Rinehart Seed Transfer Zones Geographic genetic variation Map genetic variation on landscape Adapted to local

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Beyond Climate: Incorporating Novel Factors into Seed Transfer Guidelines

Alexis Gibson, Cara Nelson, Lila Fishman, Susan Rinehart

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St Clair et al. 2014

Seed Transfer Zones

  • Geographic genetic variation
  • Map genetic variation on

landscape

  • Adapted to local conditions
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Potential Limitations

  • 1. Are the most important environmental

factors included?

  • 2. Are there other genetic factors that

impact fitness?

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Potential Limitations

  • 1. Are the most important environmental

factors included?

  • Soils
  • Water availability, nutrients, pH, minerals
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Potential Limitations

  • 1. Are the most important environmental

factors included?

  • Soils
  • Water availability, nutrients, pH, minerals
  • Extreme and moderate differences (e.g.

Wright, Stanton, Scherson 2006; Macel et al. 2007)

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Potential Limitations

  • 1. Are the most important environmental

factors included?

  • Soils
  • Water availability, nutrients, pH, minerals
  • Extreme and moderate differences
  • Data quantity and quality
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Data Availability

  • Bromus carinatus (Johnson et al. 2010)
  • Seven of eight soil variables related to

variation in traits

  • ~30% populations missing data
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Mountain Brome

  • Wide range and use
  • Combine climate and soil variables
  • New availability of soils data
  • Statewide soil data (NASIS)
  • NRCS database (SSURGO)
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Mountain Brome

  • 60 populations
  • 11 National Forests in Montana and Idaho
  • 2 years common garden
  • R2 and AIC model selection
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Vigor Size Survival Water Use

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Vigor

Climate + Soils

Precipitation as snow Available water content Organic Carbon Soil temperature regime

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Vigor Survival Water Use

Climate

End of growing season Annual precipitation Mean coldest month temperature

Climate + Soils

Size

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Vigor Survival Water Use

Soils

Available water content Clay content

Soils

Soil order

Climate + Soils Climate

Size

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CLIMATE + SOILS MODELS

  • 6 ecotypes
  • 2 main
  • Mid vigor, small plants
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CLIMATE + SOILS MODELS

  • 6 ecotypes
  • 2 main
  • Mid vigor, small plants

CLIMATE ONLY

  • 2 ecotypes
  • 1 main
  • High vigor, small plants
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Soils Matter

  • Increase variation explained by the

model

  • Water use efficiency
  • R2: 9% → 20%
  • Less extreme for other traits
  • 4 – 7%
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Potential Limitations

  • 1. Are the most important environmental

factors included?

  • 2. Are there other genetic factors that

impact fitness?

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Potential Limitations

  • 2. Are there other genetic factors that

impact fitness?

  • Polyploidy
  • 13% species have multiple cytotypes (Severns

et al. 2006)

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DIPLOID (2x)

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DIPLOID (2x) TRIPLOID (3x) TETRAPLOID (4x)

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Potential Limitations

  • 2. Are there other genetic factors that

impact fitness?

  • Polyploidy
  • 13% species have multiple cytotypes (Severns

et al. 2006)

  • Cytotypes may not segregate by habitat (e.g.

Baack 2004)

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Potential Limitations

  • 2. Are there other genetic factors that

impact fitness?

  • Polyploidy
  • 13% species have multiple cytotypes (Severns

et al. 2006)

  • Cytotypes may not segregate by habitat (e.g.

Baack 2004)

  • Fitness and population viability
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Adapted from Burton and Husband 2000

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Bluebunch Wheatgrass

  • Most populations diploid (2x)
  • Tetraploid (4x) in northern range (Larson 2004)
  • Gibson, Fishman, and Nelson. 2016. Restoration

Ecology.

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2x 4x Mixed

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2x 4x Mixed

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Mixing it Up

  • Environment does not divide cytotype
  • Seed transfer zones will not prevent mixing

(Severns et al. 2013)

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Conclusions

  • Soils during transfer zone development
  • Impact on number, type, and distribution of

ecotypes expected

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Conclusions

  • Soils during transfer zone development
  • Polyploidy considered pre-development
  • Better information on presence of cytotypes
  • Location of cytotpes
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Conclusions

  • Soils during transfer zone development
  • Polyploidy considered pre-development
  • Cytotypes considered post-transfer zone

development

  • Rare species and isolated populations
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“Make it look like natural selection.”

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The preceding presentation was delivered at the This and additional presentations available at http://nativeseed.info

2017 National Native Seed Conference

Washington, D.C. February 13-16, 2017