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Nov 17, 2023 264 likes •1.68k views

2011 Code Update Based on the International Building, Fire, Plumbing and Mechanical Codes BEYOND 2011 BEYOND 2011 ISPE San Francisco/Bay Area ISPE San Francisco/Bay Area 2011 Code Update 2011 Code Update Reinhard Hanselka, PhD, REA

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SLIDE 1

2011 Code Update Based on the International Building, Fire, Plumbing and Mechanical Codes

BEYOND 2011 BEYOND 2011

ISPE San Francisco/Bay Area ISPE San Francisco/Bay Area 2011 Code Update 2011 Code Update Reinhard Hanselka, PhD, REA Reinhard Hanselka, PhD, REA

Evergreen Engineering

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SLIDE 2

2

1981 1981

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SLIDE 3

3

1990 1990

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SLIDE 4

INTERNATIONAL CODES INTERNATIONAL CODES

2010 2010

4

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SLIDE 5

LOCAL AMENDMENTS LOCAL AMENDMENTS

  • Hazardous Materials – Chapters 27, 37,

39, 43, 44

  • Flammable Liquids – Chapters 34, 35, 36,

38, 41

  • Toxic Gas Ordinance (TGO)

5

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SLIDE 6

LOCAL ISSUES LOCAL ISSUES

  • Special issues:
  • Inventory Reporting

Internet Availability www.unidocs.org

  • Backflow Testing
  • Power Systems
  • Emergency & Stand-by

6

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SLIDE 7

VENTILATION VENTILATION

  • Key Mitigator – For Most

Hazardous Conditions

  • Capture Velocity –

– Vapor Pressure

  • Consistent with ACGIH

7

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SLIDE 8

BATTERY BATTERY ROOM ROOM EXPLOSION EXPLOSION

8

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SLIDE 9

Power Systems Power Systems

  • NFPA 1 - Chapter 52
  • CFC - Section 604
  • NFPA 110 and NFPA 111

9

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SLIDE 10

Power Systems Power Systems

  • Mitigation of
  • H2 Accumulation
  • Chemical Spills
  • Electrical Shock
  • Thermal Runaway
  • Fire
  • Seismic event

10

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SLIDE 11

Power Systems Power Systems

  • CFC Section 604

– Smoke Control Systems - S power – Group A voice alarm - E Power – Exit signs and Egress Illum.- E Power – Elevators – S Power – Egress platform lifts – S Power

11

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SLIDE 12

Power Systems Power Systems

– Horizontal Sliding Doors – S Power – H-5 Facilities- E Power – Membrane Structures – E Power for Exit Systems Inflation Systems S Power

12

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SLIDE 13

Power Systems Power Systems

– Hazardous materials S or E Power per 2704.7 and 2705.1.5 – Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials E Power – Organic Peroxides- S power – Pyrophorics – E Power

13

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SLIDE 14

Power Systems Power Systems

  • Covered Mall Buildings – S Power
  • High Rise per 604.2.15.1 to .3

– 2 hr room – 2 hr Fuel supply or CH4 – Adequate Elec. Capacity – All emergency equipment and at least

  • ne elevator

– Egress Lighting and special circuits- E Power

14

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SLIDE 15

Power Systems

  • Underground Buildings
  • S Power for – Smoke Cont.,

Ventilation, Fire Pumps, Elevators 60 sec. pick up time

  • E Power for – Emergency Voice and

Fire Alarm systems, auto Fire Detection,

  • Elev. Lighting, egress lights

15

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SLIDE 16

Power Systems

  • Elevators

– Manual transfer of S Power to each elevator – Sequential Ops. – Machinery Room +

16

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SLIDE 17

Power Systems

  • Maintenance

– NFPA 110 and 111 – Per Schedule + written record – Switch maintenance – Operational Testing

  • Transfer switch testing
  • Supervision by trained individual

17

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SLIDE 18

CBC CBC

  • Effective Use of the CBC

“Code Applications”

18

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SLIDE 19

CBC CBC – – CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 2

  • Definitions:
  • Family
  • Grade
  • Non-Combustibility
  • Unreasonable Hardship

19

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SLIDE 20

CBC CBC -

  • CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 4 CONTROL AREAS CONTROL AREAS

  • New Concept
  • 23 Control Areas?
  • IBC 414.2.2

20

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SLIDE 21

CBC CBC-

  • CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 3 “ “L L” ” Occupancy Occupancy

1 Hour Separations Lower Allowable Quantities Not an “H”

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SLIDE 22

LABORATORIES LABORATORIES

  • > 400 Sq. ft.

– 2 exits – “Exit Access” – With 75 ft. of Exit – Door swing in direction of travel if Hazardous Materials are present

  • Special Hardware
  • Laboratory TGO Guidelines

22

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SLIDE 23

FL FL-

  • 1B USE OPEN

1B USE OPEN

  • Max. Qty.

Per Control Area = 30 Gallons FLOOR

  • Max. Qty.

Per Floor 10 3 9 6 8 6 7 6 6 15 5 15 4 15 3 60 2 75% 75% 135 1 100% 100% 100% 100% 240 30 Basement Level - 1 75% 75% 135 Basement Level - 2 60 120 UFC TOTAL 696 30 IFC 2000 30 30 12.50% 12.50% 5% 5% 12.50% 12.50% 5% 5% 12.50% 12.50% = 60 Gallons 50% 50% 50% 50% 75% 75% 5% 5% 5%

23

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SLIDE 24

CBC 302.1.1.1 CBC 302.1.1.1

  • Occupancy Separation

– Required per Table 302.3.3 – Partition shall extend from the floor to the underside of the:

– floor/ceiling assembly

roof/ceiling assembly

– floor or roof deck above.

24

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SLIDE 25

CBC CBC -

  • CHAPTER 12

CHAPTER 12

  • Interior environment
  • Special regulation
  • Ventilation
  • Recirculation

25

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SLIDE 26

CBC CBC -

  • CHAPTER 16

CHAPTER 16

Seismic

  • I = 1.0, 1.25, 1.5
  • To current code!
  • ASCE 7

26

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SLIDE 27

2010 CMC 2010 CMC Based on UMC by IAPMO

27

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SLIDE 28

CMC CMC -

  • CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 1

  • Maintenance – As Constructed
  • Moved Equipment = New
  • Unsafe Equipment!

28

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SLIDE 29

CMC CMC-

  • CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 2

  • Standards of quality
  • Approved qualified welder

– ASME- AWS-DVS

  • Refrigerants

– Recycled – Recovered – Reclaimed

29

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SLIDE 30

CMC CMC -

  • CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 5

  • Product Conveying –25% LEL
  • Equipment – Motors & Fans

30

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SLIDE 31

CMC CMC -

  • CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 6

  • Duct Systems

– Quality Standards

  • Metal Duct
  • Installation
  • Flame Spread
  • Galvanized Sheet Metal
  • Signal System - Fire, Smoke, etc…
  • Smoke Control

31

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SLIDE 32

CMC CMC -

  • CHAPTER 11

CHAPTER 11

  • Refrigeration no IFC Chapt.

– Safety Classification – Purity – New, Recovered & Reclaimed – Emergency Ventilation Control

  • Discharge @1/2 IDLH

– NH3, C3H8

32

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SLIDE 33

CMC CMC -

  • CHAPTER 11

CHAPTER 11

  • High Probability
  • Low Probability
  • Machinery Room –
  • Monitoring at 25 % LEL or PEL

33

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SLIDE 34

CMC CMC-

  • CHAPTER 12

CHAPTER 12

  • Hydronics

– Steam & Water – Material – Fabrication – Testing

  • >100 psi or >50 psi over operating pressure

34

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SLIDE 35

CMC only CMC only -

  • CHAPTER 14

CHAPTER 14

  • Special Piping and Storage Systems

– (Formerly Process Piping)

  • Inspection:

– >100 psi – >1.5 x Max Oper. Pressure

35

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SLIDE 36

SERVICE LIFE SERVICE LIFE

2008 Code Update

ASME BPE

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Comparison OF Strength Characteristics Of Metal And Plastics From 20 oC to 110 oC

  • Minimum Breaking

Strain For One Year’s Service Life

  • Temperature in oC
  • Kp/cm2 = 14.22 psi

(Kp = Kilogram of Force)

36

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SLIDE 37

PIPE RACK PIPE RACK

37

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SLIDE 38

CMC only CMC only -

  • CHAPTER 14

CHAPTER 14

  • HPP Fluids

– In Accordance with Fire Code – Excess Flow Control – All Welded – Gas Detection

38

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SLIDE 39

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 1

  • Supplemental Rules & Regs

– Chief is required to make regulations available to the Public

  • Alternate Methods
  • Threshold Quantities
  • Existing Conditions
  • Unsafe Building
  • Stop Uses

39

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CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 2

  • Definitions
  • Inert Gas
  • B and F Occupancies Expanded

40

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SLIDE 41

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3

  • General Fire Protection
  • Combustible Waste & Debris

10 FEET Min.

  • Approved Open Flames
  • Vacant Premise Security
  • Conditions Hazardous to Fire Fighters

41

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SLIDE 42

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 4 Emergency Plan

42

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CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 5

Fire Service Features

  • Facility ID
  • Access Gates Approved
  • Fire Command Center

43

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SLIDE 44

CFC CFC -

  • CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 6

Building Services & Systems

  • Battery Systems
  • Emergency & Stand-By Power
  • Electrical Wiring
  • Refrigeration Systems

44

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SLIDE 45

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 7

Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction

  • Fire Walls
  • Fire Barriers
  • Fire Rated Partitions

45

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SLIDE 46

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 8

Interior Finish – Decorative Materials

  • ASTM E84 & UL 723
  • NFPA 286
  • Combustible Decorative Materials

46

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SLIDE 47

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 9

Fire Protection Systems

  • All Public Schools
  • Annual Inspection
  • Fume Hoods Fire Protected NFPA

45 and NFPA 1

  • Sprinklers / Water Reactives
  • Explosion Control

47

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SLIDE 48

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 10

Means of Egress

  • 4in. Protrusions
  • Areas of Refuge
  • Door swing in direction of travel
  • Sliding Doors OK non H
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SLIDE 49

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 14 CHAPTER 14

Fire Safety During Construction, Alteration and Demolition

– Access Roads – Fire Protection – Stand Pipes – 4 Stories – Heating Devices

49

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SLIDE 50

San Jose Mercury News San Jose Mercury News A fire broke out Monday afternoon, August 19, at Santana Row, a $750,000,000 retail and residential complex under construction in west San Jose. Flying embers set several homes and apartments to the south on fire, displacing over a hundred residents. A total of 11 alarms responded to all related fires. More than a dozen neighboring fire departments assisted San Jose in controlling the blaze…

50

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SLIDE 51

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 22 CHAPTER 22

Repair Garages

  • Flammable Gas Requirements

– H2, CH4, C3H8

  • Ventilation
  • Gas Detection
  • Detector Annunciation
  • H2 Regulations

51

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SLIDE 52

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 22 CHAPTER 22 Fuel Dispensing

STATIC CHARGE IGNITION STATIC CHARGE IGNITION

52

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SLIDE 53

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 24 CHAPTER 24

Tents & Membrane Structures

  • Applies to 10+ people
  • Temporary & Permanent
  • Cooking Rules

53

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SLIDE 54

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 26 CHAPTER 26

  • Welding & Hot Work

– Cutting, Welding, Open Torch, Brazing, Glass Blowing & Similar Operations – 30 Minute fire watch when combustibles are present – Permit required – Hot Work Inspector

54

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SLIDE 55

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 26 CHAPTER 26

  • 20 ft. separation + 15 psi limit
  • New Cylinder Regulations
  • Cart Separations

55

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SLIDE 56

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 27 CHAPTER 27

Hazardous Material

  • HMIS & HMMP
  • Physical Hazard Change
  • Control Area Rating Exception
  • Elevator Carts

10 stories +

56

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SLIDE 57

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 27 CHAPTER 27

  • Emergency Ventilation Switch

NOT required

  • System Design for Dispensing

57

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SLIDE 58

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 30 CHAPTER 30

Compressed Gasses

  • NFPA 99 – 2005

– Color Coding – O2 – Green – N2O – Light Blue

  • Chrome Plated Cylinder – Tagged & Labeled
  • Tube Trailers
  • Isolated & Declassified Med. Gas Storage

58

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SLIDE 59

CFC CFC – – ARTICLE 32 ARTICLE 32

  • Cryogenic Fluids- NFPA 55

– Foundation & Support – Temperature Effects – Pressure Relief Devices

  • Clearly Labeled
  • Shutoffs

– ANSI/ASME A 13.1- 1996

59

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SLIDE 60

Pickup truck on which the cylinder was being transported

60

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SLIDE 61

Cylinder exploded at 12:40 PM while transport vehicle was parked on busy interstate highway

Vehicle Location Cylinder Trajectory

61

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SLIDE 62

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 34 CHAPTER 34

  • Flammable & Combustible Liquids

– Special Fire Protection – Maintenance to Current Code – Spill Control – All Quantities – Secondary Containment – All Quantities

62

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SLIDE 63

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 34 CHAPTER 34

  • Flammable & Combustible Liquids

(cont.)

– Backflow Valves into Tanks – Manual Control Valve at Approved Location – Welded Concealed Joints – Support for Tanks and Pipe – 2hrs.

63

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SLIDE 64

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 34 CHAPTER 34

  • Design & Fabrication – Standards
  • Low Melt / Approve Ground

– 1981 º F

  • Ventilation Piping Requirements

– Emergency & Normal

64

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SLIDE 65

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 34 CHAPTER 34

  • Foams – When Reguired
  • Pallets
  • NFPA 30

65

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SLIDE 66

PROTECTED ABOVEGROUND TANKS

66

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SLIDE 67

PROTECTED ABOVEGROUND TANKS

67

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SLIDE 68

FLAMMABLE LIQUID CABINET

68

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SLIDE 69

FLAMMABLE LIQUID CABINET after FIRE

69

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SLIDE 70

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 35 CHAPTER 35

Flammable Gases & Cryogenic Fluids

  • H2 Rules & Metal Hydrides
  • ESO
  • Pressure Relief Devices

70

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SLIDE 71

PRESSURE/VACUUM RELIEF VENTS

71

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SLIDE 72

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 37 CHAPTER 37

Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials

  • Leak Detection 5 min Interval
  • 5 Min. Intervals
  • Listed and Approved Valves
  • Instead of Scrubbers
  • O3 Generators

72

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SLIDE 73

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 38 CHAPTER 38 LPG - tntc

73

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SLIDE 74

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

Chemical LEL UEL Optimal Acetone 2.5% 15% 5.0% Acetylene 2.5% 83% 8.0% Ammonia 15% 28% 17% Gasoline 1.4% 7.6% 1.6% Hydrogen 4.0% 75% 8.0% Methane 5.0% 15% 9.0% Toluene 1.2% 7.1% 2.5%

74

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SLIDE 75

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

75

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SLIDE 76

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 27 CHAPTER 27

  • Hazardous Materials

– Applies to all materials at any quantity – Approved Designs – Road Map…

76

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SLIDE 77

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 27 CHAPTER 27

  • Hazardous Materials (cont.)

– Equipment and Machinery Listed or Approved – Defective Equipment Removed from Service

77

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SLIDE 78

SEPARATION

78

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SLIDE 79

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 27 CHAPTER 27

  • Design and Construction

– Piping , tubing, valves, fittings and related components used for hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the following:

  • Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related

components shall be designed and fabricated from materials compatible with the material and…

  • Seismic

79

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SLIDE 80

PIPING EXPANSION LOOP ASME B 31.3

80

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SLIDE 81

SPECIAL ALLOYS

  • Monel
  • Nickel
  • Hastelloy

– B – C – D

81

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SLIDE 82

EMERGENCY CONTROLS

82

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SLIDE 83

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 27, 37 CHAPTER 27, 37

  • Storage

– Liquid Cabinet Details – Seismic Secure Shelves – Treatment System Exceptions

  • Gas Tight Valve Caps
  • Secured Handles
  • Coffins – Training Req.

83

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SLIDE 84

PNEUMATIC CYLINDER VALVE

84

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SLIDE 85

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 40 CHAPTER 40

Oxidizing Gases & Cryogenics

  • LOX
  • Home Health Care
  • 15 Feet From Buildings
  • Incompatibles

85

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SLIDE 86

DENTIST OFFICE FIRE CYLINDER STORAGE LOCATION

86

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SLIDE 87

CYLINDER REMNANTS

87

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SLIDE 88

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 41 CHAPTER 41

  • Pyrophoric Gases
  • Secondary Containment Provisions
  • Unstable Reactives 2= Flammable

–SiH4 – Special Regulations

88

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SLIDE 89

CFC CFC – – CHAPTER 46 CHAPTER 46

Combustible Requirements for Existing Buildings

– Extensive Regulations – Egress – Revolving Door Speed

89

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SLIDE 90

CFC CFC

  • Appendix

Fire Flow Classification

LC 50 for Mixtures

Hazard Ranking Cryogenics Weight & Volume

90

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SLIDE 91

BIOTECH BIOTECH

  • Biosafety in Microbiological and

Biomedical Laboratories

  • “B” , “H” or “L” - Occupancy
  • Biosafety Levels – 1,2,3,4

91

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SLIDE 92

FUME HOODS FUME HOODS

Laboratory fume hoods may be closed systems Bio-Safety hoods may also be closed systems w hen exhausted

  • utside the building

92

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SLIDE 93

CONCERNS CONCERNS

  • GLPc
  • Increase in HPLC use
  • High throughput HPLC’s

93

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REGULATORY REGULATORY CONCERNS CONCERNS

Blast, fire injures three at UC Irvine science lab IRVINE, Calif. (AP) -- Three people were injured, years of research were lost and as much as $10 million in damage was inflicted by a fire in the University of California, Irvine's physical science building. The fire erupted Monday afternoon on the second floor of the six-story building, said Orange County Fire Authority spokesman Dennis Shell. Authorities told the Orange County Register the disaster began about 3:45 p.m. as graduate student Cy Fujimoto purified benzene under a hooded ventilation system on a second floor lab…

94

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SLIDE 95

GRAVITY DRAIN SYSTEMS

GRAVITY DRAIN

95

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SLIDE 96

ADDITIONAL REGULATROY ADDITIONAL REGULATROY CONCERNS CONCERNS

  • Fire Sprinklers in Hoods

Fire Sprinklers in Hoods

  • Fire Sprinklers in Ducts.

Fire Sprinklers in Ducts.

  • Cold Room Storage

Cold Room Storage

  • Biohazards

Biohazards

96

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SLIDE 97

FUME HOODS FUME HOODS SPRINKLERS SPRINKLERS

  • NFPA 45-Laboratory fume hoods

where flammable materials are dispensed shall be protected by an automatic fire-extinguishing system.

  • NFPA 1 – Extinguishing Systems for

Laboratory Fume Hoods and Spray

  • Booths. 60.4.10.1.3

97

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SLIDE 98

FUME HOOD FIRE

98

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SLIDE 99

FLAMMABLE CONCERNS FLAMMABLE CONCERNS

  • Provide sufficient ventilation to

maintain concentration < 25% LEL

  • Limit volume of solvent to

maintain concentration < 25% LEL

99

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SLIDE 100

FLAMMABLE FLAMMABLE CONCENTRATION CONCENTRATION

  • Example: 4

Example: 4 ’ ’ Fume Hood Fume Hood w ith 18 w ith 18 ” ” Sash Height Sash Height

Area: 2.5’ X 4’ = 10 sq.ft. Exhaust Rate: 1.5’ X 4’ X 100 fpm = 600 cfm

Solvent Evaporation Rate (g/min)

  • Min. Exhuast

(cfm)

  • Max. Volume

(ml) Acetone 260 544 NL Diethyl Ether 508 1140 489 Isopropyl Alcohol 46 120 NL

100

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SLIDE 101

COLD ROOM HAZARDS COLD ROOM HAZARDS

101

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SLIDE 102

Pharmacies [CA] Pharmacies [CA]

  • A pharmacy shall have a designated area

for preparation of sterile products which is ventilated in a manner so as not to interfere with laminar air flow

  • Bio-hood required for preparing parenteral

cytotoxic agents

– Class II, Type A or B laminar hood – Bag in – Bag out filter – Plenums must be negative pressure and leak tight

102

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SLIDE 103

ASME BPE ASME BPE

  • Bio-Process Engineering (BPE)

– The ASME BPE Standard establishes criteria for design, materials, construction, inspection, and testing of vessels, piping, and related accessories such as pumps, valves, and fittings for use in the biopharmaceutical industry, including:

  • sterility and cleanability
  • dimensions and tolerances
  • surface finish requirements, and
  • Seals
  • Safety applies to L Occupancies
  • Safety

103

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SLIDE 104

ASME A112.20.1 (2004) ASME A112.20.1 (2004)

  • Qualification of installers for high-

purity piping systems.

104

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SLIDE 105

AWS AWS-

  • DVS

DVS

  • Welding Standards International
  • AWS B2.4

105

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SLIDE 106

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITIES QUANTITIES

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

Solid

Liquid Gas

Solid

Liquid Gas

Solid

Liquid

Lbs. (Cu.Ft.)

  • Gal. (Lbs.)

Cu.Ft.

Lbs. (Cu.Ft.)

Gal. (Lbs.) Cu.Ft.

Lbs. (Cu.Ft.) Gal. (Lbs.)

I-A 2 or 3 30

e,f

30

e,f

10

f

I-B & I-C 2 or 3 120

e,f

120

e,f

30

e,f

Combination (I-A, I-B, I-C) 2 or 3 120

e,f, l

120

e,f, l

30

f,l

Flammable Liquid

c

High Hazard Protection Level Material Storedb Use-Closedb Class

Table 60.2.2.1 Maximum Allowable Quantity of Hazardous Materials per Control Areaa Material Classification

Use-Openb Physical Hazards

CFC: Has Separate Line Items CFC = 60 Gal. CFC = 15 gal. CFC = 60 Gal.

106

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SLIDE 107

CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 5

  • General Height and Area Limitations

– The height and area for buildings shall not exceed the limits in Table 503. – Limits based on:

  • Type of Construction
  • Occupancy

107

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SLIDE 108

AREA LIMITATIONS AREA LIMITATIONS

II-A II-B III-A III-B V-A V-B B 193% 169% 213% 123% 74% 58% F1 160% 81% 48% 41% 41% NC F2 95% 80% 48% 40% 41% 52% H2 244% 66% 197% 52% 49% NC H3 55% 9% 2% 1%

  • 50%
  • 71%

H4 189% 105% 123% 105% 81% 52% H5 193% 169% 123% 123% 81% 41%

108

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SLIDE 109

CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 10 MEANS OF EGRESS MEANS OF EGRESS

109

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SLIDE 110

MEANS OF EGRESS (MOE) MEANS OF EGRESS (MOE)

  • Every building, or portion of a

building thereof, shall be provided with a means of egress.

  • The means of egress shall be:

– Continuous – Unobstructed – Undiminished

110

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SLIDE 111

OBSTRUCTIONS OBSTRUCTIONS

111

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SLIDE 112

SECTION 1003 SECTION 1003 GENERAL MOE GENERAL MOE

  • The means of egress system consists
  • f three separate and distinct

elements:

– Exit access – Exit – Exit discharge

112

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SLIDE 113

EXIT ACCESS EXIT ACCESS

  • That portion of a MOE system that

leads from any occupied portion of a building or structure to an exit.

  • Exit Access includes:

– Rooms – Aisles & Hallways – Corridors

113

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SLIDE 114

EXIT EXIT

  • That portion of the MOE system that

provides a protected path of egress between the exit access and the exit discharge.

  • Exits include:

– Exterior exit doors at ground level – Other elements separated by fire-rated construction and openings:

  • Exit Enclosures and Exit Passageways
  • Exit Stairs & Exit Ramps
  • Horizontal Exits

114

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SLIDE 115

LABORATORY LABORATORY CONTROL AREAS ?? CONTROL AREAS ??

115

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SLIDE 116

LABORATROY LABORATROY INCIDENTS INCIDENTS

Recently, it was discovered that a perchloric acid fume hood was heavily contaminated with potentially explosive perchloric acid salts.

116

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SLIDE 117

LABORATROY LABORATROY INCIDENTS INCIDENTS

Recently, a steel lecture bottle located within a hood in a laboratory ruptured with explosive force. The explosion

  • ccurred at night

and no one was present in the laboratory at the time

  • f the incident. There

was, however, significant damage to the lab hood

117

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SLIDE 118

LABORATROY LABORATROY INCIDENTS INCIDENTS

At the University of X in the hazardous waste facility, a 55 gallon drum containing 30 gallons of mixed organic solvents exploded, launching upward into the ceiling. A significant fire

  • ensured. Luckily no one was hurt. The mixed
  • rganic solvents in the drum had been

consolidated from solvent waste containers from laboratories throughout the campus.

118

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SLIDE 119

LABORATROY LABORATROY INCIDENTS INCIDENTS

A corrosive storage cabinet under a chemical hood in a University undergraduate laboratory was the site of an early morning explosion. Luckily, no one was standing in front of the hood when the explosion occurred.

119

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SLIDE 120

LABORATROY LABORATROY INCIDENTS INCIDENTS

BLAST, FIRE INJURES THREE AT UC IRVINE SCIENCE LAB IRVINE, Calif. (AP) -- Three people were injured, years of research were lost and as much as $10 million in damage was inflicted by a fire in the University of California, Irvine's physical science building. The fire erupted Monday afternoon on the second floor of the six-story building, said an Orange County Fire Authority spokesman. Authorities told the Orange County Register the disaster began about 3:45 p.m. as a graduate student purified benzene under a hooded ventilation system

  • n a second floor lab…

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LABORATORY FIRES LABORATORY FIRES

A fire occurred when a flask containing an organic solvent cracked and leaked onto a stir plate causing ignition. The fire was extinguished by a sprinkler within the fume hood. Without the sprinkler the incident would have propagated

  • utside the hood and caused significant damage to the

laboratory…

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LABORATORY FIRES LABORATORY FIRES

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LABORATORY FIRES LABORATORY FIRES

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LABORATORY FIRES LABORATORY FIRES

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LABORATORY FIRES LABORATORY FIRES

1/11/02 – University of California at Santa Cruz A three-alarm fire Friday on the fourth floor of Sinsheimer Laboratories injured no one but gutted two large research labs, damaged other areas of the building, and closed several other buildings in the Science Hill area of campus…

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2007 California Code

Based on 2006 IBC and IFC

1

100% 100% 100% 100%

  • ICC permits multiple control areas per floor.
  • Number of control areas are prorated by floor (2nd floor limited to 3 control areas).

2 1

100% 100% 75% 75% 100% 100% 75%

ABOVE GRADE PLANE

  • Exempt amounts are prorated by floor (3rd floor limited to 50% of 1st floor).

3 2 1

50% 50% 100% 100% 75% 75% 100% 100% 75%

ABOVE GRADE PLANE

  • Vertical separations 1-hour floors 1,2,3 and 2-hour above 3rd

6 5 4 3 2 1

12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 50% 50% 100% 100% 75% 75% 100% 100% 75%

ABOVE GRADE PLANE

  • Horizontal separations 2-hour horizontal

– Except: 1-hour horizontal separations below 4th floor in sprinklered 1-hour buildings

9

5% 5%

8

5% 5%

7

5% 5%

6 5 4 3 2 1

12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 50% 50% 100% 100% 75% 75% 100% 100% 75%

ABOVE GRADE PLANE

  • 10th story and above limited to 1 control area at 5% of exempt amounts.

10 9

5% 5%

8

5% 5%

7

5% 5%

6 5 4 3 2 1

12.50% 12.50% 5% 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 50% 50% 100% 100% 75% 75% 100% 100% 75%

ABOVE GRADE PLANE

  • Basements subject to similar prorating for control area (including flammables)

10 9

5% 5%

8

5% 5%

7

5% 5%

6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2

12.50% 12.50% 5% 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 75% 75% 75% 100% 100% 75% 75% 100% 100% 75%

ABOVE GRADE PLANE BELOW GRADE PLANE

  • No hazardous materials permitted below 2nd level below grade plane.

10 9

5% 5%

8

5% 5%

7

5% 5%

6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3

12.50% 12.50% 5% NOT PERMITTED STORY BASEMENT 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 75% 75% 75% 100% 100% 75% 75% 100% 100% 75%

ABOVE GRADE PLANE BELOW GRADE PLANE

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Practical Difficulties Practical Difficulties

  • Maximum allowable quantity, e.g.

“exempt amount” prorated per floor.

– Class 1B Flammable Liquids above 3rd floor limited to:

  • 7 ½ Gallons in use per control area1
  • 30 Gallons total per control area2
  • Practically limits PI’s to 2 to 4 per control

area3

  • Maximum 2 control areas

1 Sprinklered building, open use 2 Sprinklered building, may be doubled when stored in fire-rated cabinet. 3 Based on average of 8 gallons flammable liquids per PI.

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Practical Difficulties Practical Difficulties

  • Requires 2-hour fire resistant floor

rating.

– Exception:

  • 3 stories or less in height, and
  • Full automatic fire protection system, and
  • Type IIA, IIIA, VA, e.g. 1-hour Construction
  • 2-hour fire resistant

construction must extend to supporting structural elements to grade

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L L-

  • Occupancy

Occupancy – –Jan.1 2009 Jan.1 2009

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L L-

  • Occupancy

Occupancy

  • Substitutes “Laboratory Suite” for

Control Area Concept

– Laboratory suite may encompass ancillary support areas, including

  • ffices, storage areas, etc.

– Requires only 1 hour vertical and horizontal separations.

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2007 California Code

L-Occupancy

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

100% 100% 100% STORY 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50%

  • Number of “Lab Suites” per floor are unlimited.
  • Maximum Allowable Quantities are prorated by floor – however not as restrictive

and control area concept.

  • Floors 1 – 3

– 100% of base exempt amount* compared to 75% and 50% for 2nd and 3rd floors, respectively, per ICC.

  • Floor 4 – 6

– 75% of base exempt amount* compared to 12.5% per ICC.

  • Floor 7 and more

– 50% of base exempt amount* compared to 5% per ICC.

  • Allowable increases for sprinklers are not permitted.
  • A 2-hour vertical separation is required on 5th floor and above.

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  • Max. Qty.

Per Control Area = 30 Gallons FLOOR

  • Max. Qty.

Per Floor

  • Qty. with

4 Lab Suites Per Floor 10 3 50% 50% 50% 50% 60 9 6 50% 50% 50% 50% 60 8 6 50% 50% 50% 50% 60 7 6 50% 50% 50% 50% 60 6 15 75% 75% 75% 75% 90 5 15 75% 75% 75% 75% 90 4 15 75% 75% 75% 75% 90 3 60 100% 100% 100% 100% 120 2 75% 75% 135 100% 100% 100% 100% 120 1 100% 100% 100% 100% 240 100% 100% 100% 100% 120 30 Basement Level - 1 75% 75% 135 100% 100% 100% 100% 120 Basement Level - 2 60 75% 75% 75% 75% 90 120 UFC TOTAL 696 1080 30 IFC 2006 30 30 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 5% 5% 12.50% 12.50% 5% 5% 5% 5% L-Occupancy = 30 Gallons = 60 Gallons 50% 50% 50% 50% 75% 75% 5%

FL-1B USE OPEN

TOTALS 4TH FLOOR LIMITS

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FL-1B OPEN-USE COMPARISON

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SLIDE 134

L L-

  • Occupancy

Occupancy

  • Original SFM version submitted to

BSC limited the scope to “post secondary institutions”

  • Based on input the SFM revised

wording to omit reference to “post secondary institutions”.

  • However, CBC Section 111 applies
  • nly to facilities regulated by SFM

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L L-

  • Occupancy

Occupancy

  • Since CBC Section 111 limits

application of L-Occupancy provisions to SFM regulated facilities, applicability to non-SFM regulated facilities must be made through local amendments.

  • In haste to adopt the L-Occupancy

numerous provisions were incorporated that are obsolete or in conflict with ICC.

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L L-

  • Occupancy

Occupancy

  • January, 2007

– SFM established Ad-hoc committee to develop of L-Occupancy

  • July, 2007

– Changes proposed by SFM Ad-hoc local amendments to 2007 CBC.

  • 2008

– Changes proposed by SFM Ad-hoc for 2008 supplement to 2007 CBC. 2009 – CA BSC Adopts “L” - 2010

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L L-

  • Occupancy

Occupancy

  • Egress:

– Changes would require 2 exits or exit access doors for areas > 500 sq.ft. – Travel Distance limited to 200 ft. and within Lab Suite 100 ft.

  • Construction:
  • Provide any construction type

commensurate with the type of building being constructed.

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L L-

  • Occupancy

Occupancy

  • Maximum allowable quantities:

– Proposed changes would reference CBC tables

  • Story Sub-Division

– Proposed changes would require 2- hour fire resistance barrier 5th floor and above.

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L L-

  • Occupancy

Occupancy

  • Lab Suite Boundary

– Proposed changes would permit lab suites to span floors

  • Clarify

– Emergency power requirements – Ventilation requirements – “Liquid Tight” floors – Lab suite separations

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CONCLUSION CONCLUSION

  • Get involved with your local AHJ
  • Get Involved with ICC Code

Development

  • The greatest barrier to learning the

truth is to be convinced you already know it.

140