Between voicing and aspiration Nina Ouddeken & Marc van - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Between voicing and aspiration Nina Ouddeken & Marc van - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Introduction Study Data Methods Between voicing and aspiration Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Workshop Maps and Grammar 17-18 September 2014 Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Between voicing and aspiration

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp

Meertens Instituut

Workshop Maps and Grammar 17-18 September 2014

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Introduction

◮ Dutch-German dialect continuum ◮ Voicing languages vs. aspiration languages ◮ Phonology meets phonetics ◮ Phonetically continuous, phonologically discrete

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Phonetics vs. phonology

◮ Phonetics: physical properties of sounds

◮ Formant frequencies ◮ Pitch

◮ Phonology: system behind sounds

◮ Phonological features ◮ Phonological classes ◮ Fortis vs. lenis: /p, t, k/ vs. /b, d/ Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Voice Onset Time (VOT)

◮ Moment of voicing onset relative to moment of plosive release

◮ Negative VOT (prevoicing) ◮ Short lag VOT ◮ Long lag VOT

◮ Voicing languages: negative VOT vs. short lag VOT ◮ Aspiration languages: short lag VOT vs. long lag VOT ◮ For both systems:

◮ Lenis plosives: < b, d > (spelling) ◮ Fortis plosives: < p, t, k > (spelling) Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Prevoicing

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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SLIDE 6

Introduction Study Data Methods

Voice Onset Time (VOT)

◮ Moment of voicing onset relative to moment of plosive release

◮ Negative VOT (prevoicing) ◮ Short lag VOT ◮ Long lag VOT

◮ Voicing languages: negative VOT vs. short lag VOT ◮ Aspiration languages: short lag VOT vs. long lag VOT ◮ For both systems:

◮ Lenis plosives: < b, d > (spelling) ◮ Fortis plosives: < p, t, k > (spelling) Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Short-lag VOT

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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SLIDE 8

Introduction Study Data Methods

Voice Onset Time (VOT)

◮ Moment of voicing onset relative to moment of plosive release

◮ Negative VOT (prevoicing) ◮ Short lag VOT ◮ Long lag VOT

◮ Voicing languages: negative VOT vs. short lag VOT ◮ Aspiration languages: short lag VOT vs. long lag VOT ◮ For both systems:

◮ Lenis plosives: < b, d > (spelling) ◮ Fortis plosives: < p, t, k > (spelling) Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Long-lag VOT

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Laryngeal Realism

◮ Laryngeal Realism: phonological difference between voicing

systems and aspiration systems

◮ Voicing systems: [voice] vs. [] ◮ Aspiration systems: [] vs. [spread glottis] Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Hypotheses

Phonology

◮ [voice] → [spread glottis] ◮ [voice] → [voice]/[spread glottis] → [spread glottis] ◮ [voice] → [∅] → [spread glottis]

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Hypotheses

Phonetics

◮ Gradual increase fortis and lenis ◮ Gradual increase fortis ◮ Gradual increase lenis ◮ Abrupt change

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Questions to be answered

◮ Phonetics determines phonological features ◮ Mismatch between phonology and phonetics ◮ Borrowing of phonological features ◮ Threshold VOT values for aspirated plosives

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Dutch data

◮ Goeman-Taeldeman-van Reenen-Project (GTRP) database ◮ 600 locations in the Netherlands and Flanders ◮ Transcriptions and audio files available ◮ Relative frequency of aspiration in transcriptions

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Initial /p/

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Initial /t/

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Initial /k/

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Locations

◮ Frequent aspiration in northeastern part of the Netherlands ◮ Contact with German dialects ◮ Two west-east regions chosen: Groningen-Friesland (north)

and Drenthe-Overijssel (south)

◮ Signs of both voicing and aspiration found

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Regions

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Measurements

◮ For each place: initial /p, t, k, b, d/ ◮ Stressed syllable ◮ No preceding vowel or nasal ◮ Identical items where possible ◮ Praat 5.3.80 ◮ Filtering if necessary

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Visualisation

◮ Gabmap ◮ Fortis: average VOT of /p, t, k/ ◮ Lenis: average VOT of /b, d/ ◮ Visualisation of north and south together: similar colours =

similar values

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Fortis

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Lenis

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Distance (VOT fortis - VOT lenis)

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Analysis

Standard tools offered by Gabmap do not seem relevant:

◮ Difference maps ◮ Multidimensional scaling ◮ Clustering

Problem: designed for analysing multiple variables

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Methods

◮ Gradual transition: no significant changes in VOT values

between neighbouring places (fortis, lenis, distance)

◮ Differences in mean VOT values ◮ Differences in median VOT values

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration

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Introduction Study Data Methods

Future work

◮ More data (Dutch and German) ◮ Mapping of phonological data ◮ Comparison of phonological and phonetic data

Nina Ouddeken & Marc van Oostendorp Meertens Instituut Between voicing and aspiration