Before and After Study on Renewable Energy Installation in Rural - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
before and after study on renewable energy installation
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Before and After Study on Renewable Energy Installation in Rural - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 30, 2023 579 likes •1.05k views

Before and After Study on Renewable Energy Installation in Rural Community Hideaki Ohgaki, Satoru Kobayashi, Kyoto University Hooman Farzaneh, Kyushu University Nasrudin Abd Rahim, Hang Seng Che, Tan Chia Kwang, University of Malaya Mohd Amran

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Hideaki Ohgaki, Satoru Kobayashi, Kyoto University

Hooman Farzaneh, Kyushu University Nasrudin Abd Rahim, Hang Seng Che, Tan Chia Kwang, University of Malaya Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi, Universiti Putra Malaysia Wallace Shung Hui Wong, Lai Chean Hung, Swinburne University of Technology Long Bun, Institute Technology of Cambodia Hla Toe, Bago University Wint Wint Kyaw, Technological University, Hmawbi

Before and After Study on Renewable Energy Installation in Rural Community

slide-2
SLIDE 2
  • About 1 billion people live without modern electricity (UN,

2017) ⇒National Rural Development Policy RE, especially Solar home systems (SHSs) in remote villages However,

  • a fair number of the rural electrification projects have been
  • bserved to be unsustainable (e.g., Urmee T, 2016)
  • little evidence of direct impact on income generation or

economic growth from RE (World Bank, 2008, Mishra T, 2016)

Introduc uction n

2

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Objec ectives es

Study on the impacts in villagers’ Quality of Life (QOL) “before and after” their electrification (under the support of JATIP, 2016-)

  • Following the same household
  • Direct comparison with a small statistics

Final goal

  • Find suitable system (hardware and software) of rural

electrification =>Assessment to Rural Development Policy

3

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Methodology : : before-after survey ey

Wisconsin QOL indicators

4

slide-5
SLIDE 5

5

Q2 : : S SATISFACT CTION LEVEL EVEL

Q2.1 Very dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Moderately satisfied Very satisfied How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the way you spend your time? ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ Not at all important Slightly important Moderately important Very important Extremely important How important? ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ Very dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Moderately satisfied Very satisfied How satisfied or dissatisfied are you when you are alone? ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ Not at all important Slightly important Moderately important Very important Extremely important How important? ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ Very dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Moderately satisfied Very satisfied How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your housing? ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ Not at all important Slightly important Moderately important Very important Extremely important How important? ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ Very dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Moderately satisfied Very satisfied

5

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Where we a are s study dying ng?

Sarawak, Malaysia (2016-)

6 Electrification ratio : 100% population (2016) WDI Some villages, especially in Borneo island, still stay in off-grid condition. Electrification ratio : 50% population (2016) WDI Electrification ratio : 57% population (2016) WDI

Near Phnom Penh, Cambodia (2017-) Magway, Myanmar (2017-)

SHS, Grid extension SHS (solar lantern), Grid extension Hybrid mini-grid, Grid extension

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Si Sites es su survey: Sa Sarawak

Menangkin Tabong Batan Ai Jenggin Kampung Sungai Merah

7

major tribe in rural Sarawak: Iban

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Kampu pung Sungai Merah

  • 1. 5 households with 30 villagers
  • 2. Farming and fishing
  • 3. Low income
  • 3. Willing to pay for electricity

Agrees to collect 30 RM/m/house for battery replacement

8

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Installed SHS i HS in Kampu pung Sungai Merah

Item Unit Specifications PV Panel 305W, Vmpp = 37.8 V, Impp = 8.34A, Voc = 45V, Isc = 8.85 A Battery AGM sealed lead-acid battery, 12V, 150Ah Inverter Stand-alone type, 200W, Input: 12/24 V, 20/10 Amax Output; 230V 50Hz Solar charge controller PWM-type 12/24 V, 20/10 A ~6,000 USD / 5 systems

9

5 SHS systems have been installed in Feb. 2017.

UM and JASTIP budget

slide-10
SLIDE 10

10

  • Feb. 2017
slide-11
SLIDE 11

Af After i r installation (Kampung ung Sg.

  • Sg. Merah, 2018

2018)

Personal Safety

1 2 3 4 5 6 Very dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Moderate ely satisfied Very satisfied

General Satisfaction Level

After Before 1 2 3 4 5 6 Very dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Moderate ely satisfied Very satisfied After Before

14

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Relation with the others average 500 RM

1 2 3 4 5 6 Very dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Moderately satisfied Very satisfied

Income Satisfaction Level

After Before 1 2 3 4 5 6 Very dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Moderately satisfied Very satisfied After Before

15

slide-13
SLIDE 13

13

  • 4
  • 2

2 4 Satisfaction Occupation Psychological Well-being Symptoms outlook Physical Health Social Relations Money Daily activity Goal Attainment

Before and After

Average of sub questions from (After – Before) 5 level scale “very satisfied” : 5 “very disappointed” : 1

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Menan angki kin (before g grid c connect ection, 2 2016)

Grid power has been extended in 2017. Interview was done in July 2018.

14

slide-15
SLIDE 15

15

After er ( (2018) 1 ) 11 h hou

  • usehold

lds i intervie iewed

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Result

16 10 20 30 40 50 Very Satisfied Modelately Satisfied Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied Modelately Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied

Overall Satisfaction

Before After

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Very Satisfied Modelately Satisfied Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied Modelately Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied

Income Satisfuction

Before After

slide-17
SLIDE 17

17

Income

Decrease Same Somewhat Increase

  • 4
  • 2

2 4

Satisfaction Occupation Psychological Well- being Symptoms outlook Physical Health Social Relations Money Daily activity Goal Attainment

Before and After

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Interview summary: Kpg. Sg. Merah

Interview with 5 households, (April 2016, July 2018) 1. Installed 5 SHSs (October, 2017) 2. After the installation of SHSs, positive : Social relations and Money condition negative (slightly) : Physical Health(?) 4. Saving fuel cost: 94 RM/m (in average, ~23 USD) 5. Purchased TV, cell phone, refrigerator (doesn’t work…)

18

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Interview summary : Menangkin

Interview with 11 households, (April 2016, July 2018) 1. Grind Extension (2017) 2. After the grid extension, positive : Outlook, Money condition negative : Significance in Satisfaction level 4. Income : ~150 RM/m => ~70 RM/m 5. Complain: Too low power limit for “free of charge”

=> Too expensive

19

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Myanmar c case se : Oak ak Pho V Villag age e mi mini-grid pr d projec ject

  • Village was built 2007 with school (elementary, branch of middle school), temple
  • ~400 Houses, population ~ 2,000
  • Road construction : 2012
  • Mini-grid installation : 2017.07

Interviewed 1 village, 25 villagers

21

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Installed system

  • 20 kW(solar) + 30 kW(Diesel) (Backup System)
  • 260 Wp Polycrystalline Solar Panel : 80
  • MPPT Charge Controller : 4
  • Pure Sine Wave Inverter 6 kW : 6
  • Generator (30 KVA 415 V 3P4W 50 Hz : 1
  • Deep Cycle Lead Acid Battery, 48V 2000AH : 1
  • Main distribution line
  • Installed 2017, 07
  • Budget : about 200k USD, 60% government, 20% community, 20% company

(Talent and Technology Co., Ltd)

21

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Installed system cont.

  • 10W Street light, 220VAC 50Hz : 18
  • Service wire For Water Pump, school, monetary : 4
  • Smart card type single phase prepaid meter, 220V, 50Hz, 1(6)A
  • Power limit
  • 1100 Watt : 10 + 158, 2200 Watt : 10, 3300 Watt : 4, 4400 Watt : 2, 6600 Watt : 2
  • Ins

nstalled 120 120 HHs ( HHs (no not a all ho house uses) s)

  • Price :

e : 50 500 (0. 0.37 US USD) M MMK/kWh

22

slide-23
SLIDE 23

20 kW Solar Plant Power House

24

slide-24
SLIDE 24

30 kW Diesel Generator Controller, Inverter, Battery

25

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Distribution Line Prepaid Meter, Switch CB

26

slide-26
SLIDE 26

Interview sessions in Oak Pho

26

  • 2017/11/12: 18 households (include 3 without mini-grid)
  • 2018/10/20: 35 households (include 5 without mini-grid)
  • 2018 without mini-grid data is used as “Before” installation
  • Age from 24 to 76, male/female ~50/50
  • >90% low level education
slide-27
SLIDE 27
slide-28
SLIDE 28

Education level

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 No Primary/Junior High School Monastary School High School University

slide-29
SLIDE 29

Satisfaction level, Oak Pho

29

  • all villagers are satisfied with their lives and very happy with the mini-grid system

(even out from the service)

2 4 6 8 10 12

Very Satisfied Modelately Satisfied Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied Modelately Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied

Satisfaction level

Before After

5 10 15 20 25

Very Satisfied Modelately Satisfied Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied Modelately Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied

Personal Security

Before After

slide-30
SLIDE 30

Income

30

  • Positive 16%、Negative 17%
  • Monthly income (average): 58,000 => 115,000 Kyat (37 =>73 USD)
  • Electricity charge: 4 USD/m (av.)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Very Satisfied Modelately Satisfied Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied Modelately Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied

Income Satisfuction

Before After

Income

Decrease Same Somewhat Increase

slide-31
SLIDE 31

Oak P Pho ho Results ts

Positive effect

  • Satisfaction level, Psychological well-being,

Income

  • Although, their average income become almost double

(73 USD/m), they do not feel so.

  • Due to an expensive electricity charge, they only

purchase 4 USD/m (15 kwh + free of charge base ??).

Negative effect

  • So far, no significant negative effects

The installation has just been finished…

31

29

  • 1
  • 0.5

0.5 1

Satisfaction Occupation Psychological Well-being Symptoms

  • utlook

Physical Health Social Relations Money Daily activity Goal Attainment

Before and After

slide-32
SLIDE 32

Summa mmary

  • The mini-grid system gives positive effect in General

Satisfaction level and Income condition, especially Personal security.

  • However, the price of electricity is very high, most of villagers

use only few hours in a day.

  • Rich houses can use more power and get more income.
  • Most of them earn to use more power, but have no plan for business use.
  • Since the system includes street light installation, even

villagers without grid connection feel very happy with the system.

32

slide-33
SLIDE 33

Background Information

Prey Thom, Reaksmey Samaki Commune, Aoral, Kampong Speu Province, Cambodia

  • Village consisted of 6 block, total around 435 families with 2,097 of

population (> 1,118 females).

  • All those Households got solar lanterns around 2014 (~3 years past)
  • Donor : Panasonic CSR
  • Local collaborative organization : Life With Dignity (LWD)
  • Maintain and instruction
slide-34
SLIDE 34

Installed s solar r lantern rn s system in Prey Thom

Item Specifications PV Panel 50 W (?) Solar Lantern ?W LED

Battery USB outlet ???? 2 ports 2(or 3) solar lantern system installed per house

34

slide-35
SLIDE 35
  • Some photos
slide-36
SLIDE 36

Some villagers installed additional PV panel(s)

slide-37
SLIDE 37

Result (background information)

  • 59 villagers (families)
  • Age : 20-40: 25, >40: 34, male: 11, female: 48
  • Education: None: 25, Primary: 32, junior or hi-school :2
  • Occupation: Farming: 34, Paid work: 4, Housewife: 21
slide-38
SLIDE 38

General Satisfaction Level

5 10 15 20 25 30

Very dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Moderately satisfied Very satisfied

Satisfaction Level

5 10 15 20 25 30

Very dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Moderately satisfied Very satisfied

Satisfaction Level

Previous Now

40% satisfied 54% satisfied

slide-39
SLIDE 39

Personal Security

5 10 15 20 25 30

Very dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Moderately satisfied Very satisfied

Personal Safety

Previous Now

Very satisfied: decreased Moderately satisfied: increased 71% satisfied (seems improved)

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Very dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Moderately satisfied Very satisfied

Personal Safety

slide-40
SLIDE 40

Satisfaction of solar lantern and requirement

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Very dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Moderately satisfied Very satisfied

Satisfaction in Solar Lantern

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

More power quality No Replace

Requirement

92% satisfied

slide-41
SLIDE 41

Income

5 10 15 20 25 30

No, the same as before No, decrease Somewhat yes Definitely yes

Income Change

Income Average: 81.9 USD/month

5 10 15 20 25

Very dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Neither satisfied or dissatisfied Moderately satisfied Very satisfied

Income 25% satisfied: very low level… 39% positive

slide-42
SLIDE 42

Daily Pattern and willing for investment

Change the living partern?

Never Yes

Not so much changed by solar lantern, because they had some kind of lights (i.e. battery charging system) .

Willing to pay for new investment (USD/month)

<1 >=1,<5 >=5,<10 >=10

They want more power, but no money and willing.

slide-43
SLIDE 43

Interview result : solar lantern

  • The general satisfaction level became improved (14% up)

than before.

  • The personal safety level also became better.
  • Their incomes slightly increased, but still low satisfaction

level

  • Villagers satisfied solar lantern system and wishing to

increase PV power

  • We observed several houses put additional PV panel or changed
  • riginal panel to large ones.
  • A few solar lantern system have been broken.
slide-44
SLIDE 44

Summa mmary

44

32

  • Solar Lantern gave a slight positive impact but most of villagers do n
  • t satisfied their living condition.
  • SHS gives positive impact on social relations and saves fuel cost.
  • mini-grid system gives positive impact significantly.
  • Expensive electricity cost by a grid extension gives negative impact

s on Satisfaction level and Income We observed short term effect: SHS shows better cost performance and satisfaction…

Should observe long term impacts (education, business activity, health condition)

slide-45
SLIDE 45

45