Basic Computer Concepts 1 - By Mahesh Introduction: Syllabus - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Basic Computer Concepts 1 - By Mahesh Introduction: Syllabus Computer Fundamentals Basic parts of a computer T ypes of computer Memory windows Microsoft Office 2007 MS-Word MS-Excel MS-PowerPoint
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Microsoft Office 2007
Computer Fundamentals T ypes of computer Memory windows
MS-Word MS-Excel MS-PowerPoint
Introduction: Adobe Photoshop:
Basics Exercises
Basic parts of a computer
Syllabus
Manual Operations:
In General a human being can able to perform various operations manually known as M Manual l Operatio ions. ns.
Calculations Writing a Letter Posting a Letter
Disadvantages:
Time T aking Process Less Accuracy Less Efficiency No Security
How to Overcome:
COMP OMPUTER TER
What is computer?
ter is a ma man ma n made machine ne wh which accepts pts data ta, proc
esses it t and nd retu turn rns s ne new w inf nformati rmation
t.
Data Processing Information
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A computer has four functions:
In Inpu put
Pr Proc
ssing
Ou Output put
Stor
age
Accuracy Storage Capacity Versatility Diligence Speed
A computer is a very fast calculating device. It can perform millions of calculations in a few seconds
The computer has units of speed in microsecond, nanosecond, and even the picoseconds.
Accuracy means exactness/Correct
The calculations are 100% accurate.
Each and every calculation is performed with same accuracy
The computer will give accurate results based on the given data and instructions.
Capacity
Every computer has a storage section called Memory
Memory is a very important characteristic of computers.
It can store and retrieve(recall) large amount of data.
It can store any type of data such as text, images, audios and videos, etc.
ersatility
It means, a computer to handle various tasks such as typing, printing, playing music etc. at a time.
A computer can perform a number of different tasks at a time
The Computer can be used to solve the problems related to various fields.
Unlike human beings, a computer is free from tiredness and lack of concentration.
It can work continuously without any error.
It can do repeated work with same speed and accuracy.
Block diagram of computer
three main components. They are
Input unit Central processing unit (C. P. U ) Out Put Unit
Arithmetic & Logic Unit Control Unit Primary Memory C.P .U
Input Unit
Data & Instructions
Output Unit
Result Secondary Memory
Block Diagram of a Computer System
Input ut un unit C.P .P .U .U Out utput put un unit
Central Processing Unit Arithmet thmetic ic & Logic ic Unit (ALU) U) Memor mory y Unit Contr trol l Unit
Primary Memory ry Secon LED Monitor Cabinet Keyboard Mouse Power Button COMP OMPUTER TER
computer functions
into a computer from the input device. It is a collection
letters, numbers, images etc.
given instruction. It is totally internal process of the computer system.
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Computer system
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Software + User
computer.
intelligence to the computer.
computer.
Components of a computer system fall into two major categories: Hardware and Software.
Components of computer
COMPUTER SOFTWARE HARDWAARE
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Understanding S/w
needs clear –cut instructions to tell them
instructions are called program.
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What hat is is Sof
tware:
Software is a development process which converts the imaginaries into reality by writing comes set of programs.
Components of computer
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Components of computer
SOFTWARE Application software System Software
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Application Software
a presentation or handling inventory or managing the employee database.
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Application Software
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Application software
Application software Languages Packages Utilities
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Languages
computer languages.
amples ples: Pascal, Fortran, Cobol, C, C++, Java etc.,
classified into three types as: 1.Low level languages 2.High level languages 3.Middle level languages
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Languages
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Low level languages
wo low level languages
chine languages nguages: only two symbols are used in writing the programs using machine language. They are 0’s and 1’s. it is very difficult process to write programs.
Assembly mbly languages nguages: Assembly languages are formed with the combination of mne nemonic
contain simple English words like ADD, SUB, MUL
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combination of simple English sentences.
High level languages
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Middle level languages
language instructions. That’s why it is called middle level language.
Ex: C
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packages
a package .
certain functions such as word- processing.
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packages
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It is used to create, edit and format textual documents. Word processing software is widely used application package. It is mainly used to create documents such as letters, reports, and file cover sheets etc.
MS WORD
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Excel is an electronic spreadsheet. It is a spread sheet package helps to create , manipulate and analyze data arranged in rows and columns. MS excel
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It is a presentation tool helps to create eye- catching and effective presentations. Power point makes it easier to organize, illustrate and deliver your ideas professionally, whether you are conducting a meeting or presenting at a conference.
MS PowerPoint
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MS – Access can be used to store a large amount of data and to retrieve desired pieces of information. For example telephone numbers in telephone directory
raw material, employee’s records of an industry, student records of an examination board etc.
MS Access
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It is software application to create, maintain and control database. FoxPro
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A utility is a program that makes the computer easier to use.
running smoothly.
Backup, Disk compression etc.
utility
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utility
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Utilities
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Utilities
ntiv ivirus irus
detects and removes computer viruses.
virus, it is neutralized.
functioning of the computer system.
Boot
irus, us, Fil ile e Vir irus, us, Macro ro Vir irus, us, Tr Troj
an Hor
se, , Wor
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Utilities
k Cleaner er
have not been accessed/used since long.
huge amount of memory space.
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Utilities
kup Ut Utility ity
copy of the complete or partial data stored in a disk or CD on any
some other system failure occurs, the files can be restored using backup software.
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System software
loping fun unctiona ctionalities lities of Hardw dware are device ices. s.
: C and AL ALP
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System software
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acts as an INTERFACE between the user of a computer and computer hardware.
Operating systems
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ST
system allocates the resources to only open one application.
Operating system
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system resources allocates only one person but perform more than one work simultaneously .
Operating system
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MUS UST In Multi user single tasking, the operating system allocates the resources to multiple users.
System software
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MUMT
and slicing.
Operating system
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A translator is a program that converts the given programming language from
Different types of translators are:
TRANSLATORS
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Assem Assembler bler is a translator used to convert the assembly language program into machine code and vice versa. Compiler Compiler is a translator used to convert the entire program into machine code and vice versa. interpr interpreter eter is a translator used to convert s line by line of the program into machine code. And displays errors immediately, if occurred.
TRANSLATORS
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Understanding hardware
rdware: Hardware is physical parts of the computers. The parts are possible to touch and visible.
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hardware
PHYSICAL COMPONENTS Input units Output units I/O Units Keyboard Mouse Scanner CD/DVD Monitor Printer CD/DVD CD/DVD Touch screen
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input units
give the data is known as input units.
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Tab Shift Space Bar Arrow Keys Enter / Return Caps Lock Backspace
Keyboard basics
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Mouse Parts & Skills
Left button Scroll wheel Right button
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placed into a computer.
Scanner
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CD/DVD /DVD Dis iscs cs
store large multimedia files
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Output units
The un unit its s wh whic ich h are us used d to
extra tract ct the da data a is is kn know
n as ou
put un unit its. s.
U (M (Mon
itor)
where the results of a computer's tasks are displayed.
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A printer is designed to output information from a computer onto a piece of paper. There are three kinds of printers: dot matrix, laser, and inkjet.
Pri rinter nter
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Plotters are used to print large size of images such as maps, blue print of the structure etc.
PLOTTER
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Used to generate or reproduce voice, music, and other sounds.
Speakers
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Logical components
Logical components Primary Secondary ROM RAM Floppy
CD,DVD
HD
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PRIMARY MEMORY
memory” or “Internal Memory”.
directly accessed by the CPU.
primary memory.
– Random Access Memory (RAM) – Read Only Memory (ROM
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RAM and ROM
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ROM RAM AM ROM stands for Read Only Memory ROM Is permanent memory ROM is non- volatile memory ROM is system memory
RAM stands for Random Access Memory RAM is temporary memory RAM is volatile memory. RAM is user memory
Secondary memory
external memory or auxiliary storage) differs from main memory in that it is not directly accessible by the CPU.
data permanently.
even the computer is switched off.
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Floppy disk
It is similar to Magnetic Disk. Floppy disks are portable because we can remove them from a disk drive. Floppy comes in two sizes. They are 5.25 inch and 3.5 inch floppies.
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Hard disk
which we can store computer data.
provide faster accessing.
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Cache Memory
It is a very high speed semiconductor memory which can speed up CPU. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and main memory.
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