BAMB WP3 and 5.1 Eliot Beeby Introduction Transformable building - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

UK residential housing stock and the implications for transformable buildings BAMB WP3 and 5.1 Eliot Beeby

Introduction

– Transformable building design context – Brief history of transformable buildings in UK – Existing UK residential building stock – Identification of major construction types in UK residential building stock – Material and technical characteristics – Spatial characteristics – Lessons from the existing stock – Next steps

www.adaptablefutures.com / Loughborough University

History of transformable building in the UK

Adapted from Schneider, T., & Till, J. (2007). Flexible housing. Architectural press.

Lawn Road Flats Point-block Alton Gardens The Adaptable House Steelhouse Eastfields Sutton Dwellings Alexandra Road Extendible houses Brockley Park Estate Adelaide Road Estate Honor Oak Park Recording Studio + Living The Transformable Apartment Westferry Studios Affordable Rural Housing Demonstration Project Cala Domus Greenwich Millennium Village (II) Abode Optima Homes Silvertown

• St. James Urban Village

Donnybrook Oakridge Village Consort Road Rochdale 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

1960s-early 1980s

Schneider, T., & Till, J. (2007). Flexible housing. Architectural press. The Adaptable House (1962) Eastfields (1968) Alexandra Road (1969-1978) Adelaide Road Estate (1979)

Late 1990s-today

Adapted from Schneider, T., & Till, J. (2007). Flexible housing. Architectural press. Affordable Rural Housing Demonstration Project (2000) Cala Domus (2000) Greenwich Millennium Village II (2001)

• St. James Urban Village (2005)

Why look at the existing stock?

House stock growth in the UK

2015 156,000

NHBC Foundation (2015) Homes through the decades: The making of modern housing.

Statistical overview - construction type

0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0 Pre-1850 1850-1899 1900-1918 1919-1944 1945-1964 1965-1980 1981-2002 2003-2013 All ages

% Building stock Age band

Metal frame In situ concrete Precast concrete Timber Frame Masonry Cavity Solid Masonry

Statistical overview - typology

0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0 Pre-1850 1850-1899 1900-1918 1919-1944 1945-1964 1965-1980 1981-2002 2003-2013 All ages

% Building stock Age band

Terraced Semi-detached Detached Bungalow Converted flat Purpose-built low-rise flat Purpose-built high- rise flat

Typical 1850-1899 terraced house

Google Streetview 2016

Material and technical characteristics – terraced house

Building Element Material description Connections Re-use/recycling potential

Foundation Rubble foundation Laid within ground Possible depending on whether it is possible to separate and sort steel and concrete cost-effectively Ground floor Timber joists with timber floor boards, occasionally slate flagged solid flooring Joists clear spanning between

• pposing walls or intermediate

sleeper walls, floor boards nailed onto joists Recyclable; possibly reusable depending on size, structural integrity - reclaimed timber is popular; slate flags possible re-use as hardcore Upper floor Timber joists with timber floor boards Joists bolted together, floor boards nailed on Recyclable; possibly reusable depending on size, structural integrity Lime plaster ceiling Plastered onto timber laths nailed to floor joists Can be recycled as aggregate, likely calcified so unsuitable for reuse External walls Double layer brickwork bonded with lime mortar, with pyramid footings at base Lime mortar bonded to bricks Lime mortar facilitates reuse more easily than cement mortar, but internal plastering must be removed; can be recycled as aggregate Internal walls Mainly brick single skin or

• ccasionally timber stud walls

Bonded to external walls and support upper floors Recyclable; possibly reusable depending on size, structural integrity Lime plaster Plastered onto brick or timber laths nailed to timber studs Can be recycled as aggregate, likely calcified so unsuitable for reuse Roof Slate tiles Nailed to battens Use as aggregate; possible to reclaim and reuse if care taken at removal Reinforced bituminous felt Nailed to battens Theoretically recyclable but rarely done Timber rafter roof with King post truss and purlins Bolted Recyclable; possibly reusable depending on size, structural integrity Mineral wool insulation (retrofitted) Sits within cavity If recovered relatively contaminant free, possible to recycle in closed loop system Lime plaster Plastered onto timber laths nailed to ceiling joists Can be recycled as aggregate, likely calcified so unsuitable for reuse Windows and doors Wooden frames Screwed/nailed into masonry Recyclable Double glazed window Fitted into frame Glazing is recyclable Wooden door frames Screwed Recyclable; demand for reclaimed timber products could facilitate reuse

Spatial characteristics – terraced house

UK building stock matrix

Lessons for reversible building design in UK

– Building designed with true flexibility in mind remain in the minority – Some existing homes have some flexible principles despite not necessarily having been designed with these principles in mind – Increasingly on the agenda, especially with the rise of MMC

Next steps

– Development of reversible building design tools – Reuse potential – Transformation capacity – Building Information Model (BIM)

Durmisevic, E. (2006)

References

– www.adaptablefutures.com – Adapted from Schneider, T., & Till, J. (2007). Flexible housing. Architectural press. – Durmisevic, E. (2006). Transformable building structures: design for dissassembly as a way to introduce sustainable engineering to building design & construction. TU Delft, Delft University of Technology. – NHBC Foundation (2015) Homes through the decades: The making of modern housing.