Safety Assurance Challenges for New & In-service Submarines. Roger Coles May 2019
Introduction ● High value assets in a hostile environments ● Acceptable Risk Level ● Design Build In-Service Assurance ● Owners Responsibility ● Assurance and Compliance ● Rule Based Assurance ● Goal Based Assurance Lloyd's Register
Basic Differences • Stealth Power • Submarines Stability • Closed Atmosphere • Defect Tolerance • Weight Watchers • System Integration Lloyd's Register
The Inter Connection and Dependency Operations - Goals - Functions – Roles - Systems Submarine Operations Supporting Navigation in Safety Roles Confined Waters Ex Structure Drainage Alongside Under Ice Main Propulsion Hydraulic Actuation Thrust Available Hydroplane/Steering Platform Systems Control Ops Control/Management Port Exit / Entry Main Hydraulic System Emergency Hydroplane/Steering Flood/Fire Main Ballast Blow Power Snort Induction System Surface/Stability/Control Power Supply Surface Transit Safety Function Dive Submarine Ex Structure Loss of Propulsion Auxiliary Ballast Blow Ballast Tk Integrity SW & FW Services St-By/Buoyancy/Atmos MOVE Systems Support Anchor Pressure Hull Reserve of Surface Submarine Loss of Steering Propulsion & Manoeuvring Buoyancy Buoyancy System Control Loads & Main Ballast Control Battery Services Blow Back-up Energy source Boat Transfers Pressure Hull HP Air Supply WT Integrity Supply/Atmosphere Diesel Generator Emgy Power Source PH & Structural Bhd Safety Goals Trim-Bilge-Ballast Withstand Dive Pressures Buoyancy/Stability Control Ventilation Sys Minimise Hazards Atmosphere Provide Acceptable With Catastrophic SW Systems Level of Stability Trim-Compensation Consequence WT Integrity Ability To Surface & Depth & Pitch Control Remain On Surface Navigate Environment Capable Of Being At Sea When Dived Air Purification System Controlled Or Surfaced Atmosphere
Build Quality • Consequence of failure drive higher build quality • Supplied product is the foundation of build quality • Quality cannot be INSPECTED into a product • Quality can be BUILT into the product • SQEP Independent verification provides Assurance • Verification supported by well defined solutions • Solutions that reflect product risk category • Product & Build Quality key to through life reliability & availability Lloyd's Register
Ship Rule Base Assurance ● Developed over many years ● Ship Rules demanded by industry to protect assets ● Built on a vast knowledge & experience base ● Provide a well established & robust compliance framework ● Ship Rules work across the shipping industry ● Readily adopted by naval ships • Share common features & compliance demands • Exist in large numbers so good knowledge & experience base • Resource pressure on standards Lloyd's Register
Submarine Rule Base Assurance? ● Submarines a small sector ● Submarines value as a weapon is its unknown capability ● Secrecy dilemma: Absence of shared knowledge to support regulation but sharing knowledge undermines secrecy & security ● Submarine differ from ships • Rule set constraints • Ship Rules tend to ‘catch all’ minimum safety levels • Ship Rule would require clarifications & modifications to • Rule compliance assumes responsibility for safety levels • Rule Sets are a reactive process be effective • Adopt the practices & resources developed for Rule sets • Cannot write a rule for every eventuality • Prescriptive rules only address known risks • Requires significant in-house expertise • Prescriptive rules restrict innovative design, materials and • Submarine industry is a small sector with limited expert methods resource Lloyd's Register
Can we use Ship Standards ● Compliance with prescriptive standards doesn’t address every safety risk ● Ship standards set minimum safety requirements ● Whole boat transverse issues apply to every design level ● Higher quality requirements driven by higher risk ● Components and System Design Level considerations • Modifications or additions is an acknowledgement a rule does not address the requirements • Suitable if fully comply with design, transverse issues and quality requirements • A cost effective solutions for the designer & builder Lloyd's Register
Regulation for a Goal Based Approach Why do we need the Naval Submarine Code (NSubC)? ● The Naval Submarine Code a goal based Designed to provided an equivalence to framework. commercial regulation by providing over arching safety framework. ● With processes for defining technical areas for application to any submarine. International IMO NSubC ● The Code derived from the Naval Ship Code. Convention ● LR is a founding member of INSA Flag States Naval Authorities Regulation Material State Classification Assurance Lloyd's Register
Goal Based Assurance Model Overall Safety Navy Goal Safety Management System Regulatory Framework Impact on Primary Concept of Operations Area Safety Goal Concerns System requirements Aim Design Risks to be mitigated Functional Objectives Goal in each area Intent Objectives Qualitatively Defined Identify & Justify Technical Standards Requirements to Performance Requirements applied to Performance Requirements & meet Objectives ConOpS Design Solutions Standards Plan Ship systems Atmosphere Navigation Structures Identify Materials Electrical Technical File Engines Transv . Escape Control Responsibilities Piping Gears Risk Fire Build Assurance Verification Activities Justification & Guidance Submarine Assurance Certificate Lloyd's Register
Goal Based Design to Build Assurance Model Owner Concept of Operation Statement Naval Design Authority Administration Design Requirements Design Compliance Intent Design Authority Design Authority Design Solutions Design Specification Design Justification Design Build Assurance Authority/Recognised Recognised Organisation Organisation Design Verification Recognised Justified Technical Standards Organisation Risk Category Requirements Lloyd's Register
Assurance Framework Mapped to Components System System Pump Materials Materials System System Pressure Hull Valve Materials System Materials Rules for Materials Pressure Vessel Rules for Materials Compressor Pressure and Piping System Pressure and Piping System System components Rules for Materials Pressure and Piping Systems Rules for Materials • components Approved Works • • General Testing Procedures • Pressure and Piping Systems Performance Requirements • Copper Alloys • • • Construction and Installation • Testing Procedures • Performance Requirements General • General Performance Requirements • Corrosion Prevention • Trim and Compensating • • Rolled steel plate sections • • • Testing Procedures • Construction and Installation Testing Procedures Construction and Performance Requirements System • • • and bars • • Sea Water Cooling Systems Compressed Air & Gas Steel Castings Installation Copper Alloys Construction and Installation • System Testing, Integration • • Steel forgings • • Steel Pipes & Tubes Systems Compressed Air and gas Sea water cooling systems and Trials • Approval of welding • systems • Control supervision and Control supervision and • consumables Control supervision and monitoring monitoring • monitoring • System Testing, Integration System Testing, Integration Transverse and Trials and Trials Component Whole Boat Component Transverse Component Regulations • Transverse Pressure and Piping System Pressure and Piping System Regulations • Survivability components Whole Boat Pressure and Piping System Whole Boat Components • Component Product Verification Components • Categorisation • Whole Boat Performance Requirements • Transverse • Assessment • • Pressure and Piping System Transverse Performance Requirements • Materials • Survivability • • • Performance Requirements • components Transverse Risk Assessment • Copper and copper alloy piping • • Product Verification Functions Assessment • • • components Survivability Survivability Materials • • Valves Categorisation • • • • Materials • Performance Requirements Product Verification Product Verification Watertight integrity Carbon and low alloy steel • Testing • • • Copper and copper alloy • Assessment Categorisation Categorisation piping and components • piping and components • Materials Pressure Vessels Functions • • Pumps • Carbon and alloy steel Functions Functions Testing components Propulsion and manoeuvring Propulsion and Manoeuvring Propulsion and Manoeuvring • Pipe supports • Pressure vessels • Propulsion • Propulsion • Manoeuvring Lloyd's Register
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