Asking the Right Que stions to Make Data Dr ive n De c isions on - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Asking the Right Que stions to Make Data Dr ive n De c isions on Staffing and De ployme nt E xc lusive Pr o vide r o f Public Safe ty T e c hnic al Se r vic e s fo r Inte r natio nal City/ Co unty Manage me nt Asso c iatio n 1 L e o
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E xc lusive Pr
e c hnic al Se r vic e s fo r Inte r natio nal City/ Co unty Manage me nt Asso c iatio n
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Ce nte r fo r Public Safe ty Manage me nt, L L C
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– Willie Sutto n
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should fir st c onside r the obvious;
law stipulate s that ABC should be applie d "whe r e the mone y is," me aning whe r e the highe st c osts ar e inc ur r e d and, thus, the highe st pote ntial of
all c ost r e duc tion is.
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ypic al Re que st is MORE r e sour c e s PL E ASE !
– L
imite d analyse s of wor kloads, pe r for manc e , and value of MORE ?
e gate data on total c alls misle ading
for manc e NOT line ar func tion of total c alls:
– An inc r
e ase of 50% may r e quir e little or no additional r e sour c e s
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Polic e Patr
Data Driven
Policies & Procedures Resource Allocation
Response Time Reduction Targeted Crime Reduction Process Management Continuous Improvement Leverage Resources Flexible and Creative Math Model
Feedback Loop
Citizen Expectation Citizen Complaints Citizen Satisfaction Citizen Fear Community Deterioration
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Se rvic e (CF S) vs. Workloa d – CF
S is a quantity – a numbe r
– Wor
kload is the c umulative time to handle CF S
the stre e t? By Se a son, Da y of We e k, Hour of da y?
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glar y – we se nd two offic e r s to handle c all. T he y ar e the r e for 1 hour e ac h.
Se r vic e = 1
kload = 2 Hour s (2 x 1 hour s)
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e sponse time is only impor tant
ior ity c alls?
e c alls dispatc he d and r e c or de d by pr ior ity?
e sponse time me asur e d by time of day, day of we e k and se ason?
bad data?
ac k long r e sponse time s for high pr ior ity c alls and find out why?
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kload var iations by se ason, day of we e k, hour
e same numbe r
ar
ar e ly good ide a
e pr
e as suc h as shift c hange ide ntifie d?
t time s, sc he dule s & CBAs limit de ployme nt fle xibility and alignme nt?
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Polic e - City of 275,000 3 star t time s/ 10- hour
lapping shifts
0200 to 0700 0700 to 1600 1600 to 2100 2100 to 0200 August 2002 29 33 33 62 Januar y 2003 32 34 32 64
Da ily Ave ra g e Ca ll Ra te August 34% highe r
than Januar y
Pr
ior ity 1 & 2: 50% mor e c alls pe r hour in August
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Misa lig ne d Pa trol F
3 sta rt- time s/ 10- hour shifts
20 40 60 80 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Time of Day Patrol Units
Deployed Busy at Calls
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Alig ne d Pa trol F
5 sta rt- time s/ 10- hour shifts
20 40 60 80 100 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Time of Day Patrol Units
Deployed Busy at Calls
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Shift L e ngth E xpe r ime nt
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L imitations:
shifts.
proc e ss.
imite d to 3 De pa rtme nts
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Positive s:
xc e lle nt bio da ta te sting
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10- hour shifts ha ve se lf re porte d a dva nta g e s
s wor king 10- hour shifts got mor e sle e p pe r night (ove r half an hour ) than those on 8- hour shifts and had a signific antly highe r quality of wor k life (se lf r e por te d).
shifts wor ke d the le ast amount of
time of the thr e e gr
r e sulting in c ost savings.
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T he be ne fits of 10- hour shifts ma y not e xte nd to 12- hour shifts
shifts got mor e sle e p than those on 8- hour shifts; not tr ue for 12- hour shifts.
shifts had a highe r r e por te d quality of wor k life than those on 8- hour shifts; 12- hour shifts did not.
shifts wor ke d a le sse r amount of
time than those on 8- hour shifts; the y still wor ke d mor e than those on 10- hour shifts.
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any of our me asur e s of pe r for manc e , safe ty, wor k- family c onflic t or he alth
for manc e and safe ty me asur e s (inte r pe r sonal inte r ac tions, shooting skills, r isky dr iving be havior s, r e ac tion time , fatigue , and se lf- initiate d de par tme ntal ac tivity) we r e not impac te d by shift le ngth.
he gr
with r e gar d to wor k- family c onflic t.
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Dur ing the six- month pe r iod in whic h offic e r s we r e assigne d to the e xpe r ime ntal c onditions, did not de te c t diffe r e nc e s ac r
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day is ofte n a pr
due to
lap
day give s maximum assignme nt fle xibility but c an affe c t c ontinuity of supe r vision and te am e ffor t
day with 4 platoons and 42- hour we e k ave r age (36 / 48) may be be st alte r native e spe c ially in smalle r age nc ie s.
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Week # SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT 1 Day Team A B B A A B B Nite Team C D D C C D D 2 Day Team B A A B B A A Nite Team D C C D D C C 3 Day Team A B B A A B B Nite Team C D D C C D D 4 Day Team B A A B B A A Nite Team D C C D D C C
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12- Hour Sc he dule Be ne fits
e pe ats e ve r y 4 we e ks.
ac h te am ge ts F r iday, Satur day and Sunday off e ve r y othe r we e k.
e ams wor k 36 hour s one we e k and the n 48 hour s the following we e k, ave r aging 42 hour s pe r we e k. T his is within F L SA r e quir e me nts and the e xtr a hour s c an be paid at str aight time .
he se e xtr a 2 hour s pe r we e k c ontr ibute the e quivale nt of one additional offic e r for e ve r y 21
s.
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10- Hour Sc he dule : We e kdays
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Hours Number of Police Officers PO-Initiated Workloads C/O-Initiated Workloads Total Workloads Deployed Police Officers
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10- Hour Sc he dule : We e ke nds
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Hours Number of Police Officers PO-Initiated Workloads C/O-Initiated Workloads Total Workloads Deployed Police Officers
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c ommitte d (fre e ) time
unc tion of work sc he dule
importa nt tha n how muc h the y ha ve !
“Offic e r s pe r 1,000 and othe r ur ban myths” by Joe Br ann
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Wor kload vs. E ve nts
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22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 60 50 40 30 20 10 Hour Personnel
Ex t ra Pat rol Bas ic Pat rol U nenc um bered Work A dm inis t rat iv e Work Self- I nit iat ed Work O t her- I nit iat ed Work
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De ployme nt a nd Ma in Workloa d, We e kda ys, Summe r
Hour 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 20 15 10 5 Personnel
Patrol Directed patrol work Out- of- service work Police- initiated work Other- initiated work
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Wor kload Pe r c e ntage by Hour , We e kdays, Summe r
22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 100 80 60 40 20
Hour Percentage
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Wor kload vs. De ployme nt – We e kdays, Summe r
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De ployme nt a nd Ma in Workloa d, We e ke nds, Summe r
Hour 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 20 15 10 5 Personnel
Patrol Directed patrol work Out- of- service work Police- initiated work Other- initiated work
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Wor kload Pe r c e ntage by Hour , We e ke nds, Summe r
22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 100 80 60 40 20
Hour Percentage
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Wor kload v. De ployme nt – We e ke nds, Summe r
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De ployme nt and Main Wor kload, We e kdays, Winte r
Hour 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 20 15 10 5 Personnel
Patrol Directed patrol work Out- of- service work Police- initiated work Other- initiated work
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Wor kload Pe r c e ntage by Hour , We e kdays, Winte r
22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 100 80 60 40 20
Hour Percentage
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Wor kload v. De ployme nt – We e kdays, Winte r
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De ployme nt and Main Wor kload, We e ke nds, Winte r
Hour 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 20 15 10 5 Personnel
Patrol Directed patrol work Out- of- service work Police- initiated work Other- initiated work
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Wor kload Pe r c e ntage by Hour , We e ke nds, Winte r
22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 100 80 60 40 20
Hour Percentage
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Wor kload v. De ployme nt – We e ke nds, Winte r
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F lint - De ployme nt a nd Ma in Workloa d, We e kda ys, Summe r
Hour 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Personnel
Added patrol Patrol Out-of-service work Police-initiated work Other-initiated work
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F lint - Wor kload Pe r c e ntage by Hour , We e kdays, Summe r
22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 100 80 60 40 20
Hour Percentage
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F lint - Workloa d vs. De ployme nt – We e kda ys – Summe r
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F lint - De ployme nt a nd Ma in Workloa d, We e ke nds, Summe r
Hour 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Personnel
Added patrol Patrol Out-of-service work Police-initiated work Other-initiated work
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F lint - Workloa d Pe rc e nta g e by Hour, We e ke nds, Summe r
22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 100 80 60 40 20
Hour Percentage
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F lint - Workloa d v. De ployme nt – We e ke nds – Summe r
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Average Deployed Police Officers VS Workload in Weekend, Aug. 2007 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Hour Man Hours PO-Initiated Workloads C/O-Initiated Workloads Total Workloads Deployed Police Officers
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22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 12 10 8 6 4 2 Hour Work- hours
Total patrol Basic patrol Total work Other- initiated work Police- initiated work
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22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 10 8 6 4 2
Hour Work- hours
Total patrol Basic patrol Total work Other- initiated work Police- initiated work
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A Ce nte r for Public Safe ty Manage me nt White Pape r
tme nt staffing: How many offic e r s do you r e ally ne e d?
CPSM
for Public Safe ty Manage me nt
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e all ac tivity time s r e c or de d inc luding stops & ar r e sts?
e Daily logs r e vie we d by supe r visor s?
inal Re c or d r e fle c ts final c all disposition?
ie nte d Polic ing ?
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kload type and var iations r e por te d: daily and se asonally & supe r visor s know this infor mation?
e r e sponse time s r e c or de d by c all pr ior ity & do supe r visor s know this infor mation?
e a c ompar ative analysis of pe r for manc e ac r
s?
ie ld Inte r r
I) infor mation r e c or de d pr
ly and r e adily ac c e ssible ?
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e vac ation days c ontr
e unusually long on- sc e ne time s note d?
e unusually long r e sponse time s r e vie we d?
m
dinanc e and is it e nfor c e d?
y ac c or ding to wor kloads by time of day and se ason of ye ar ?
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age Numbe r
T r a f f i c S u s p i c i
s I n v e s t i g a t i
s G e n e r a l C r i m e A r r e s t J u v e n i l e D i r e c t e d p a t r
A g e n c y A s s i s t T
a l 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
Unit s
Police initiated Other initiated
1.6 1.3 2.1 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.6 1.8 1.4
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e a de fe r r e d CF S manage me nt syste m (DPR)?
e the r e AE Ds in patr
e polic e simultane ously dispatc he d to c ar diac c alls??
PRs?
e por t wr iting e le c tr
s wr ite r e por ts fr
e the r e In- c ar AV syste ms? Body Came r as? How is r e c or d c aptur e d and stor e d?
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ime be twe e n c alls not just r andom patr
– Inte llige nc e data suppor
t foc use d patr
– Ac tivitie s r
e vie we d r e gular ly
ac t r e gular ly with de te c tive division and spe c ial ope r ations units e .g. atte nd r
ac ts with othe r c ity age nc ie s?
e the r e str ate gie s for loc ations with lar ge numbe r s
e pe at c alls?
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doe s your de pa rtme nt pa rtic ipa te in?
– Re side ntia l a nd c omme rc ia l se c urity? – Auto the ft pre ve ntion? – Pe rsona l sa fe ty? – Bloc k wa tc he rs? – Anything ?
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By unit, by inve stig a tor?
c onduc te d?
inve stig a tors a nd pa trol offic e rs?
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c e ?
suits?
motionally Distur be d pe r sons?
mploye e Assistanc e Pr
ams?
isone r pr
ty pr
ds inte gr ate d?
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fo r po lic e de pa rtme nts.
de c isio ns.
ultima te ly de te rmine s to ta l sta ffing .
e ffic ie nc ie s (DPR, multiple unit dispa tc hing , e tc .) c a n b e mo re e ffe c tive tha n se e king a dditio na l sta ff.