ART I F I CI AL I NT E L L I GE NCE -- the wa y ma c - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
art i f i ci al i nt e l l i ge nce
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

ART I F I CI AL I NT E L L I GE NCE -- the wa y ma c - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 20, 2023 519 likes •639 views

ART I F I CI AL I NT E L L I GE NCE -- the wa y ma c hine thinks Sta nle y L ia ng , PhD Ca ndida te , L a sso nde Sc ho o l o f E ng ine e ring , Yo rk Unive rsity He lix Sc ie nc e E ng a g e me nt Pro g ra ms 2018 2 AGE

slide-1
SLIDE 1

ART I F I CI AL I NT E L L I GE NCE

  • - the wa y ma c hine thinks

Sta nle y L ia ng , PhD Ca ndida te , L a sso nde Sc ho o l o f E ng ine e ring , Yo rk Unive rsity

He lix Sc ie nc e E ng a g e me nt Pro g ra ms 2018

slide-2
SLIDE 2

AGE OF AI , AGE OF MACHI NE

  • AI

b ring s a lo t o f pa ssio n in the 21 c e ntury

  • AI

po se s o ne o f the g re a te st thre a ts to huma n

  • I

t is the pa th to so me o f the b e st

  • ppo rtunitie s
  • We a re a t the ve ry b e g inning o f AI
  • Re se a rc h: pre dic tio n a b o ut we a the r

pa tte rns, pha rma c e utic a ls, me dic a l tre a tme nts

  • Busine ss: pre dic t c usto me r re q ue st a nd

b e ha vio r, virtua l a ssista nt, a uto ma te d driving

Sta nle y L ia ng , L a sso nde Sc ho o l o f E ng ine e ring , Yo rk Unive rsity, 2018 2

slide-3
SLIDE 3

WHAT I S ART I F I CI AL I NT E L L I GE NCE

  • T

he a b ility to le a rn a nd so lve pro b le ms

  • Artific ia l inte llig e nc e is inte llig e nc e de mo nstra te d b y

ma c hine s, in c o ntra st to the na tura l inte llig e nc e (NI ) displa ye d b y huma ns a nd o the r a nima ls

  • T

he sc ie nc e a nd e ng ine e ring o f ma king inte llig e nc e ma c hine s

  • Just a s the I

ndustria l Re vo lutio n fre e huma nity fro m physic a l drudg e ry, AI ha s the po te ntia l to fre e huma nity fro m me nta l drudg e ry

Jo hn Mc Ca rthy Andre w Ng

Sta nle y L ia ng , L a sso nde Sc ho o l o f E ng ine e ring , Yo rk Unive rsity 3

slide-4
SLIDE 4

A L I T T L E BI T HI ST ORY OF AI

  • Ge ne ra l pro b le m so lve r (1956) b y Alle n Ne we ll &

He rb e rt Simo n

  • T
  • so lve a ny pro b le m tha t c a n b y pre se nte d b y

ma th

  • Physic a l symb o l syste m Hypo the sis – symb o ls a re

the ke y o f inte llig e nc e , the wa y ho w yo u inte ra c t with the wo rld

  • Huma n re a so ning is simply c o nne c ting symb o ls
  • I

f ma c hine c a n b e tra ine d to unde rsta nd symb o ls, the y c o uld b e ha ve like huma n

Sta nle y L ia ng , L a sso nde Sc ho o l o f E ng ine e ring , Yo rk Unive rsity 4

slide-5
SLIDE 5

JOHN SE ARL E AND CHI NE SE ROOM ARGUME NT

  • A ma n no t kno wing Chine se is lo c ke d in a ro o m with a la rg e

b o o k with a lo t o f Chine se pa tte rn

  • A na tive Chine se spe a ke r puts the Chine se phra se a s

se q ue nc e o f c ha ra c te rs thro ug h the ma iling slo t into the ro o m

  • T

he ma n inside ma tc he s the pa tte rns with his b o o k a nd put the c o rre spo nding Chine se pa tte rns to o utput the m a s se q ue nc e o f Chine se c ha ra c te rs

  • T

he na tive Chine se spe a ke r o utside s will think he is ta lking with a na tive spe a ke r

  • I

n fa c t, the ma n inside c a nno t unde rsta nd Chine se a t a ll.

  • Simply ma tc hing symb o ls is no t a true AI
  • I

f the se q ue nc e is to o lo ng , the ma c hine c a nno t a ffo rd the ma tc hing s – c o mb ina to ria l e xplo sio n

Sta nle y L ia ng , L a sso nde Sc ho o l o f E ng ine e ring , Yo rk Unive rsity 5

slide-6
SLIDE 6

ART I F I CI AL I NT E L L I GE NCE

  • DE

F I NI T I ON

  • I

n 1950, Jo hn Mc Ca rthy he ld the first wo rksho p o n AI

  • Artific ia l inte llig e nc e a s a te c hno lo g y is a ny syste m

tha t e xhib its b e ha vio r tha t c o uld b e inte rpre te d a s huma n inte llig e nc e

  • AI

’ s supe r po we r

  • I

BM De e p Blue vs. Ga rry K a spa ro v

  • Go o g le De e pMind vs. Se do l L

e e

  • I

n fa c t, the c o mpute rs ha ve no ide a o f the se g a me s

  • L

e a rn the rule s b y suffic ie nt tra ining

  • Do pa tte rn ma tc hing
  • Huma n a nd ma c hine pe rfo rms the ir inte llig e nc e in

diffe re nt wa ys:

  • Co mpute r pro c e sse s fa ste r a nd ide ntify a nd ma tc h

mo re pa tte rns

Sta nle y L ia ng , L a sso nde Sc ho o l o f E ng ine e ring , Yo rk Unive rsity 6

slide-7
SLIDE 7

ST RONG AI VS WE AK AI

  • Stro ng AI

: Ma c hine displa ys a ll huma n-like b e ha vio r

  • K

no wn a s g e ne ra l inte llig e nc e

  • A b ro a d AI

c o ve rs a wide ra ng e o f ta sk

  • Ma tc he s g e ne ra l-le ve l inte llig e nc e

(me nta l sta te s, c o nsc io usne ss, e tc .)

  • Po ssib le g ive n inc re a sing ha rdwa re

a nd so ftwa re a dva nc e s

  • We a k AI

: c o nfine d to a ve ry na rro w ta sk

  • K

no wn a s na rro w AI

  • Mimic huma n b a se d o n the ir

pro g ra mming

  • Pro g ra mme d ma c hine s a c ting a s if

the y we re inte llig e nt – All c urre nt AI ’ s a re we a k AI

  • Ma c hine le a rning is the ma in pa th

fo r we a k AI

Sta nle y L ia ng , L a sso nde Sc ho o l o f E ng ine e ring , Yo rk Unive rsity 7

slide-8
SLIDE 8

T HE E VOL UT I ON OF AI

  • AI

sta rts with the symb o lic a ppro a c h like the Chine se Ro o m Pro b le m

  • E

xpe rt Syste m: a n e a rly fo rm o f AI : dia g no sis, c re dit c he c k, fill yo ur T a x re turn – lo ng list o f ma tc hing pa tte rns

  • c o mb ina to ria l e xplo sio n due to infinite pa tte rns e nds in

1980s

  • Pla nning AI

: sho rte n the lo ng list o f pa tte rn b y he uristic re a so ning : limit the se a rc h sc o pe

  • T

he symb o lic syste ms a nd pla nning AI c a n tra c e b a c k to the symb o lic syste m ide a s in the 1950s

Sta nle y L ia ng , L a sso nde Sc ho o l o f E ng ine e ring , Yo rk Unive rrsity 8

slide-9
SLIDE 9

COMMON APPL I CAT I ONS OF AI

  • Ro b o tic s: le t ma c hine wo rk o n physic a l ta sks
  • Use d to c re a te hig hly spe c ia lize d ma c hine s
  • L

imite d in the wo rk to b e a c c o mplishe d

  • Be st fo r re pe titive wo rk
  • AI

+ Ro b o tic s: wide n the sc o pe o f wo rk fo r the ro b o ts

  • Ro o mb a + AI

: le a rn the ma p o f the ro o ms b e fo re wo rking – a b ig da ta pro b le m

  • Na tura l la ng ua g e pro c e ssing : inte ra c t with ma c hine

using huma n la ng ua g e

  • Go o g le se a rc h, spa m de te c ting
  • ne e ds a la rg e la ng ua g e c o rpus
  • Unde rsta nding c o nte xt me a ning

Sta nle y L ia ng , L a sso nde Sc ho o l o f E ng ine e ring , Yo rk Unive rsity 9

slide-10
SLIDE 10

COMMON APPL I CAT I ONS OF AI

  • T

he I nte rne t o f T hing s (I

  • T

): the ne two rk o f physic a l de vic e s, ve hic le s, ho me a pplia nc e s a nd o the r ite ms e mb e dde d with e le c tro nic s, so ftwa re , se nso rs, a c tua to rs, a nd c o nne c tivity whic h e na b le s the se o b je c ts to c o nne c t a nd e xc ha ng e da ta – g e ne ra te s b ig da ta

  • Big Da ta & Da ta Sc ie nc e
  • Big Da ta : re pre se nts the info rma tio n a sse ts

c ha ra c te rize d b y suc h a hig h volume , ve loc ity a nd

var ie ty to re q uire spe c ific te c hno lo g y a nd

a na lytic a l me tho ds fo r its tra nsfo rma tio n into va lue

  • Da ta Sc ie nc e : a n inte rdisc iplina ry fie ld fo c us o n

e xtra c ting kno wle dg e o r insig hts fro m da ta in va rio us fo rms.

Sta nle y L ia ng , L a sso nde Sc ho o l o f E ng ine e ring , Yo rk Unive rrsity 10