Aquatic Plants and Their Control In the South Chuck Cichra S - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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aquatic plants and their control in the south
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Aquatic Plants and Their Control In the South Chuck Cichra S - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 15, 2023 25 likes •546 views

Aquatic Plants and Their Control In the South Chuck Cichra S chool of Forest Resources & Conservation Program in Fisheries & Aquatic S ciences cecichra@ ufl.edu Overview of Talk Bryan has done an excellent j ob of

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Aquatic Plants and Their Control “In the South”

Chuck Cichra S chool of Forest Resources & Conservation Program in Fisheries & Aquatic S ciences cecichra@ ufl.edu

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Overview of Talk

  • Bryan has done an excellent j ob of summarizing

aquatic plant biology and control!

  • Nutrients / eutrophication / fertilization
  • When do plants become weeds (expectations)
  • Integrated plant management
  • Herbicide active ingredients vs trade names
  • Herbicide toxicities
  • Aquatic weeds in southern ponds
  • Managing livestock to reduce weed problems in

ponds

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All Plants Need Water, Light, and Nutrients

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Aquatic Plants are No Different

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Algae and Phytoplankton are Small Plants

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Amount of Chlorophyll (algae) in the Water is Closely Related to the Amount of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Water Data from 60 Florida Lakes

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Water clarity vs ‘Algae’

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Fertilization – Purposeful Addition

  • f Nutrients to the Water
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Fish blocknet data on 60 Florida lakes

50 100 150 200 250 Blocknet Total Fish (kg/ha) Trophic State (chlorophyll)

Oligotrophic Mesotrophic Eutrophic Hypereutrophic

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Clear to Green! Add fertilizer! “Shade out the macrophytes”

I personally don’t recommend fertilizing

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Given time, macrophytes will also increase in abundance!

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When do plants become weeds? Depends on our goals for the water body

  • ur expectations

“ Beauty is in the eye of the beholder!”

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Expectations of Ponds (plants - lots to none)

  • Water treatment

– Settling of particulates – Dissolved nutrient removal

  • Aesthetics
  • Wildlife habitat
  • Wetland

Mitigation

  • Fishing (20-30%)
  • Boating
  • Water hazards
  • Livestock

watering

  • Flood control
  • Irrigation
  • Swimming
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Let’s talk about Aquatic Weed Control – We’ve come a long way!

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Methods Used to Control Aquatic Weeds

Hand removal / Harvesting Grass carp Pond dyes Herbicides (Nutrient removal)

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DON’T WANT THIS!

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Most People Believe Toxins Cause Most Fish Kills

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Herbicides registered for aquatic use

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Aquatic Herbicide Toxicity (ppm)

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Turf and Ornamental Irrigation Restrictions - Read the Label!

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What are Some of the Common Weeds in the South?

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Planktonic Algae

  • Single cells
  • Suspended in water
  • “Green water”
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Filamentous Algae

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Floating Plants

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Duckweeds

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Watermeal

Proper ID!

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Mosquito fern

Fire Ant Control!

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Water Hyacinth

Look Nice: But!

1 Plant = 1 Acre in 1 Year!

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Water Lettuce

Possibly Exotic

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Emergent Plants

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Cattails

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Dollarweed

  • r

Penneywort (Hydrocotyl)

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Torpedograss (exotic)

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Opposite leaves Scaly flowers Root at nodes Hollow stems

Alligatorweed

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Alligatorweed

Biocontrol! Exotic

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Primrose Willow

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Floating-Leaved Plants

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Water Shield

(a.k.a. – Snot Bonnet )

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Fragrant Water Lilly

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Spatterdock / Cow Lilly / Bonnets

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Submergent Plants

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Southern Naiad

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Coontail

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Parrot Feather

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Bladderwort

Carnivorous!

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Hydrilla

Hydrilla

Exotic

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What herbicide is ‘best’ for control?

Endothall Diqu at 2,4-D Coppe r1 Fluri- done2 Glyph

  • sate

Ima- zapy r Tri- clopy r Carfentra

  • zone

Penox- sulam2 Imaza- mox Hydrogen peroxide Aquathol Hydrotho l Granul ar Liqui d FLOATING Duckweed * * G * F * E * * * * E * * Watermeal * * * * * * F * * * F G * * Water fern * * E * * * E * * * E E * * Mosquito fern * * E * * * E * * * E E * * Water hyacinth * * E * E F * G E E F E E * Water lettuce * * E * * F * F E * E E G * Frog's bit * * E * * * * * E F * E E * Alligatorweed * * * * F * * G E G * F E *

Also, submersed, emersed, and algae

Effectiveness of Herbicide Active Ingredients for Aquatic Weed Control

Source: Efficacy of Herbicide Active Ingredients Against Aquatic Weeds

  • K. Langeland, M. Netherland, and W. Haller (http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag262)
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Livestock and Ponds

Nutrient source Bank erosion Increase turbidity Create shallow areas

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What if the pond is needed to water livestock?

Fence the pond off from livestock and provide a small area for livestock to access the water – add gravel to slow erosion

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What if the pond is needed to water livestock?

Use stock tank with either gravity-fed or solar powered water-level control valve (fence pond)

Check your local US DA-NRCS

  • ffice for cost sharing
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Thank you!

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