Aqua Scooter Final Presentation Dylan Cannon, Darin Gilliam, Eli - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aqua Scooter

Final Presentation

Dylan Cannon, Darin Gilliam, Eli Palomares, Elizabeth Tyler, Jiyan Wang, Tyler Winston

December 2, 2014

Overview

• Objectives
• Problem Definition
• Engine Analysis
• Shell Analysis
• Final Considerations
• Conclusion
• References

2

Project Goal

Need

• Current Aqua Scooter model

does not meet EPA regulations.

Goal

• Design an improved Aqua

Scooter that exceeds EPA regulations.

3

Objectives

• Design an aesthetically pleasing Aqua Scooter, that complies with EPA

regulations.

• The new design should be lightweight and provide similar thrust.
• The system must be buoyant and relatively cheap to manufacture.
• Must be safe for a child to use.

4

Objectives

• Analyze and compare gasoline, propane, and butane 4-stroke engine

concepts.

• Quantify the ability for each fuel source to meet EPA regulations.
• Calculate the drag coefficients for the two final outer shell designs.
• Calculate thrust assuming a propeller that will generate a 5mph velocity.

5

Current Model

Two- Stroke Engine

• Used for typically greater

power to weight ratio.

• Mixed oil and fuel injected

into combustion chamber by carburetor.

Exhaust emissions

• Can’t meet current EPA

regulations.

• Unburned exhaust emissions

enter the atmosphere.

6

Constraints

• ½ gallon, plastic fuel tank
• Internal combustion powered
• Metal engine and muffler

housing

• Starter assembly is plastic

and metal

• Plastic prop protection
• Control handle included
• Throttle control
• Exhaust valve
• Must be 18 pounds or less
• Must provide at least 50

pounds thrust

7

Problem Definition

• Design a hydrodynamic, inexpensive, aesthetically pleasing

Aqua Scooter, with a marine engine that complies with EPA regulations.

8

[1]

Gantt Chart

9

Table 1: Gantt Chart and Deliverable schedule.

QFD

10

Table 2: QFD matrix relates customer needs and engineering requirements.

Customer Needs Engineering Requirements Engineering Targets Bench Marks

House of Quality

Weight Buoyancy Fuel Capacity Thrust Exhaust Emission Operating Life Warranty

11

Table 3: House of quality correlates engineering requirements.

Team Concepts

• Boomerang
• Octopus
• Magneto Hydrodynamic

Propulsion System

• Propane Injected 4-Stroke
• Duck Scooter
• Tank Housing
• 2 Propeller
• 4 Mix Engine
• Enclosed Housing
• Adjustable Jet
• Catalytic Converter and Coil
• Fuel Injected 2-Stroke

12

Decision Matrix

13 Requirements and Criteria

Aesthetically Pleasing

Minimal Probability

• f Error

Ease of Manufacture EPA

Requirements

Complexity

• f Design

Provides Thrust

Hydrodynamic

Efficient Lightweight Minimal Cost of Materials Total Weighted Factor Requirement Weighting 10% 10% 10% 20% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 100% Boomerang 7 6 5 7 5 8 8 6 7.5 6.65 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.4 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.75 Octopus 6 3 4 7 4 8 6 6 5 5.6 0.6 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 Magnetohydrodynamic propulsion 5 3 3 7 2.5 9 6 4 3 4.95 0.5 0.3 0.3 1.4 0.25 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 Propane injected 4 stroke 7 7 7 8 7 5.5 7 6 5 6.75 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.6 0.7 0.55 0.7 0.6 0.5 Duck Scooter 8 6 6 6 6 7.5 5.5 6 5 6.2 0.8 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.6 0.75 0.55 0.6 0.5 2 Propeller 8 6 6 7.5 5 8.5 7 5.5 6 6.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 1.5 0.5 0.85 0.7 0.55 0.6 4 Mix Engine 6.5 7 8 8.5 7 9 7 6 5 7.25 0.65 0.7 0.8 1.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 Enclosed Housing 7.5 8 6 7 5 9 7 6 5 6.75 0.75 0.8 0.6 1.4 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 Adjustable Jet 7 6 6 8 6 8 8 6 6.5 6.95 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.65 Catalytic Converter and Coil 6 5.5 5 8 5 7 6.5 7 5 6.3 0.6 0.55 0.5 1.6 0.5 0.7 0.65 0.7 0.5 Fuel Injected 2 Stroke 7 5.5 5 8 5 9 7 7.5 4 6.6 0.7 0.55 0.5 1.6 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.75 0.4 Tank Housing 7.5 5.5 6 6 5.75 9 7.5 7 5.5 6.575 0.75 0.55 0.6 1.2 0.575 0.9 0.75 0.7 0.55

Criteria

• Aesthetically Pleasing

10%

• Minimal Probability of Error

10%

• Ease of Manufacture

10%

• EPA Regulations

20%

• Complexity of Design

10%

• Provides Thrust

10%

• Hydrodynamically Efficient

10%

• Lightweight

10%

• Minimal Cost of Materials

10%

14

Top Two Ideas

• Boomerang with 4-stroke Propane Engine

with Adjustable Jet

• Two Propeller with 4-stroke 4-mix Engine with

Adjustable Jet

15

Concept Analysis

• Gasoline Analysis
• Propane Analysis
• Butane Analysis
• Shell Analysis

16

[12]

Gasoline Analysis

17 Dimensions Aqua Scooter 2-Stroke Engine (AS 650) 4-Stroke Engine (Honda GXH50) Length (mm) 530 225 Width (mm) 195 274 Height (mm) 320 353 Weight (lb) 16.53 12.1 Bore (mm) 40 41.8 Stroke (mm) 39 36 Displacement (cc) 49 49.4 Power (HP) 2 2.1 @ 7000rpm Thrust (kg) 22 22 Fuel Mixture Unleaded 87 Octane or Higher Fuel Tank Capacity (L) 2 1.89271 Price ($) (+/-) 970 420

[2] [1]

Propane and Butane Analysis

• Assumptions
• Calculated using Honda GXH50 converted to propane or butane.
• Running time of 3 hours.
• Not Adjusted for Efficiency.
• Results
• Calculated weight of propane is 12.52 ounces.
• Calculated weight of butane is 12.50 ounces.

18

Velocity Based on Thrust Calculations

Variable Values

• 𝑊

𝑓 = 2.235 𝑛 𝑡

• 𝑈 = 50𝑚𝑐𝑔 ∗

4.448𝑂 1 𝑚𝑐𝑔 = 222 [𝑂]

• 𝐵 = 0.0324 [𝑛2]
• 𝑒𝑗𝑏𝑛𝑓𝑢𝑓𝑠 = 8𝑗𝑜 = .2032𝑛

19

• 𝑈 =

𝑛𝑊

𝑓 −

𝑛𝑊

𝑝

• 𝑛 = 𝜍𝑊

𝑗𝐵

• 𝑈 = 2𝜍𝐵𝑊

𝑗 2

• 𝑈 = 𝜍𝑊

𝑗𝐵(𝑊 𝑓 − 𝑊 0)

Chemical Calculations

Propane Stoichiometry

• C3H8+5O2+18.8N2→3CO2+4H2O+18.8N2

Butane Stoichiometry

• C4H10+9O2+33.84N2→4CO2+10H2O+33.84N2

20

Air Fuel Ratio Calculations

AF Ratio for Propane

• 𝑁𝑏𝑗𝑠 = 28.97
• 𝑁𝑞𝑠𝑝𝑞𝑏𝑜𝑓 = 44.09
• 𝐵𝐺

𝑞𝑠𝑝𝑞𝑏𝑜𝑓 = 5 + 18.8 ∗ 28.97 44.09

• 𝐵𝐺

𝑞𝑠𝑝𝑞𝑏𝑜𝑓 = 15.66 𝑚𝑐 𝑏𝑗𝑠 𝑚𝑐 𝑞𝑠𝑝𝑞𝑏𝑜𝑓 ∶ 1

AF Ratio for Butane

• 𝑁𝑏𝑗𝑠 = 28.97
• 𝑁𝑐𝑣𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑓 = 58.12
• 𝐵𝐺𝑐𝑣𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑓 = 5 + 33.84 ∗

28.97 58.12

• 𝐵𝐺𝑐𝑣𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑓 = 21.36

𝑚𝑐 𝑏𝑗𝑠 𝑚𝑐 𝑐𝑣𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑓 : 1

21

AF Ratio for 87 Octane is 15:1

Shell Analysis

Drag Force

𝐺 = 0.5𝜍𝑊2𝐷𝑒𝐵 Where: 𝐺 = 𝐸𝑠𝑏𝑕 𝑔𝑝𝑠𝑑𝑓 𝑂 𝜍 = 𝐸𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑗𝑢𝑧 𝑙𝑕 𝑛3 𝑊 = 𝑊𝑓𝑚𝑝𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑧 𝑛 𝑡 𝐷𝑒 = 𝐸𝑠𝑏𝑕 𝐷𝑝𝑓𝑔𝑔𝑗𝑑𝑗𝑓𝑜𝑢 [unitless] 𝐵 = 𝐵𝑠𝑓𝑏 𝑝𝑠𝑢ℎ𝑝𝑕𝑝𝑜𝑏𝑚 𝑢𝑝 𝑔𝑚𝑝𝑥 [𝑛2]

22

[3]

Shell Analysis- Boomerang

• Assumptions
• 𝐷𝑒 = 0.5
• 𝐵 = 1106.3𝑗𝑜2 = 0.714𝑛2
• 𝜍 = 999

𝑙𝑕 𝑛3

• 𝑊

𝑓 = 2.235 𝑛 𝑡

• 𝐺 = 0.5𝜍𝑊2𝐷𝑒𝐵
• 𝐺 = 0.5 999

2.2352 (.5)(0.714)

• 𝐺 = 890.75 𝑂

23

• Drag Force

Shell Analysis- Triton

• Assumptions

24

• Drag Force
• 𝐺 = 0.5𝜍𝑊2𝐷𝑒𝐵
• 𝐺 = 0.5 999

2.2352 (.1)(0.3311)

• 𝐺 = 82. 6𝑂
• 𝐷𝑒 = 0.10
• 𝐵 = 513.20𝑗𝑜2 = 0.3311𝑛2
• 𝜍 = 999

𝑙𝑕 𝑛3

• 𝑊

𝑓 = 2.235 𝑛 𝑡

Power Calculation

• 𝑊

𝑓 = 2.235 𝑛 𝑡

• 𝒬𝑒 = 𝑮𝑒 ⋅ 𝒘

= 1

2 𝜍𝑤3𝐵𝐷𝑒

• 𝒬𝑒(𝑐𝑝𝑝𝑛𝑓𝑠𝑏𝑜𝑕) = 1990.82𝑋 = 2.669ℎ𝑞
• 𝒬𝑒(𝑈𝑠𝑗𝑢𝑝𝑜)

= 184.611𝑋 = 0.2475ℎ𝑞

25

Final Concept Considerations

• Conversion Kits
• 2-Stroke Engines
• 4-Stroke Engines
• Emission Testing
• Portable Devices
• On-Site Testing
• Testing Environment
• Cost of Materials

26

Conversion Kits: Butane and Propane

• Alt Fuel
• Regulators
• Fuel Line
• Attachment Line
• Intake Adaptor
• Bracket for Tank
• Propane Carbs
• Spud-In Conversion System
• Fuel Tube
• Regulator
• Vacuum Idle Needle

27

Husqvarna 2-Stroke Engine

• $169.00
• 9.7lbs Full Dry Weight
• 28cc Displacement
• 68.5 g/kWh

[16]

28

Tanaka Two-Stroke Engine

• $200.00
• 1.3HP
• 11lbs

[17]

29

Briggs & Stratton 4-Stroke

• $ 199.00
• 1-HP
• 40cc Displacement
• 8lbs Dry Weight

[18]

30

Honda GX-25 4-Stroke Engine

• $240.00
• 1-HP
• 25cc Displacement
• 6.8lbs Dry Weight

31

[19]

Emissions Testing

Portable Emissions

• Enerac-500-102
• $870.00

On Location Testing

• Carnot emission services 210-

928-1724

• Gary
• $5000.00
• Olson-Ecologic Engine Testing

Laboratories 714-774-3385.

• David Olson
• Currently Researching How to

Test

• Deer Valley Emissions Test
• 501West Deer Valley Road,

Phoenix, AZ 85027

32

Campus Testing Environment

• 150 Gallon Tank
• $175.00
• Check with Biology
• Trough Pool
• $104.00
• Used stores
• Craigslist

33

[1],[13]

Cost of Materials

Item Cost A Cost B % of Total % of Total Conversion Kits $ 250.00 $ 250.00 9.69% 5.92% Emission Testing $ 1,000.00 $ 867.00 48.43% 51.33% Testing Environment $ 175.00 $ 104.00 8.47% 6.16% 2-Stroke Engine $ 200.00 $ 169.00 9.69% 10.01% 4-Stroke Engine $ 240.00 $ 199.00 11.62% 11.78% Shipping of Engines $ 75.00 $ 75.00 3.63% 4.44% Shell Prototype $ 50.00 $ 50.00 2.42% 2.96% Oil $ 25.00 $ 25.00 1.21% 1.48% Butane Gas $ 50.00 $ 50.00 2.42% 2.96% Propane Gas $ 50.00 $ 50.00 2.42% 2.96% $ 2,065.00 $ 1,689.00 34

Conclusion

• Butane and Propane are viable options for

engine fuel

• ↓ 𝐷𝑒 ↓ 𝐺𝑒
• Testing Environments
• Trough
• 2-Stroke
• 4-Stroke
• Emissions Testing
• Cost of Materials

35

[11]

References

[1] L. Arnone, M. Janeck, M. Marcacci, R. Kirchberger, M. Pontoppidan and R. Busi, "Development of a direct injection two-stroke engine for scooters," in Small Engine Technology Conference and Exhibition, November 28, 2001 - November 30, 2001, . [2] B. Douville, P. Ouellette, A. Touchette and B. Ursu, "Performance and emissions of a two-stroke engine fueled using high-pressure direct injection of natural gas," in 1998 SAE International Congress and Exposition, February 23, 1998 - February 26, 1998, . [3] P. Duret, A. Ecomard and M. Audinet, "A new two-stroke engine with compressed-air assisted fuel injection for high efficiency low emissions applications," in International Congress and Exposition, February 29, 1988 -March 4, 1988, . [4] H. Huang, M. Jeng, N. Chang, Y. Peng, J. H. Wang and W. Chiang, "Improvement of exhaust emissions from a two-stroke engine by direct injection system," in International Congress and Exposition, March 1, 1993 -March 5, 1993, . [5] W. Mitianiec, "Direct injection of fuel mixture in a spark ignition two-stroke engine," in SAE 2002 World Congress, March 4, 2002 - March 7, 2002, . [6] K. Morikawa, H. Takimoto, T. Kaneko and T. Ogi, "A study of exhaust emission control for direct fuel injection two-stroke engine," in Small Engine Technology Conference and Exposition, September 28, 1999 -September 30, 1999, . [7] P. Rochelle and W. Perrard, "Fuel consumption and emission reduction of a small two-stroke engine through air-assisted fuel injection and delayed-charging," in International Congress and Exposition, March 1, 1999 -March 4, 1999,. [8] Stihl KM 130 R. Accessed 10 Oct 2014.Firewood Hoarders Club. http://firewoodhoardersclub.com/forums/index.php?threads/stihl-km-130- r-4-mix-engine.3850/ [9] A. Dave, Development of a Reed Valve Model for Engine Simulations for Two-Stroke Engines, 1st ed. , SAE International, 2004. [10] http://web.mit.edu/16.unified/www/FALL/thermodynamics/notes/node108.html [11]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvUih9Y2Nmw

36

References

[12] http://www.calor.co.uk/15kg-butane-gas-bottle.html [13] http://www.plastic-mart.com/category/41/plastic-stock-tanks-water-troughs [14] https://sites.google.com/a/altfuelconv.com/altfuel-llc/where-to-purchase [15] https://www.propanecarbs.com/small_engines.html [16] http://www.husqvarna.com/us/products/trimmers/128c/#specifications [17] http://www.tanakapowerequipment.com/main-navigation/products?d=329,341&p=878 [18] http://www.brandnewengines.com/21132- 0559.aspx?gclid=Cj0KEQiAneujBRDcvL6f5uybhdABEiQA_ojMgghvNjmKx_PmQjxv0TEOpBZfypPHOrP6kIOj3nKbrBIa AvjO8P8HAQ [19] http://engines.honda.com/models/model-detail/gx25 [20] http://megadepot.com/product/enerac-500-1co-emissions-monitoring-equipment-m500

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Any Questions?