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Applying Ontology in Network Analysis EWG-DSS Research Collaboration Network EWG-DSS Collab-Net V.2 EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012 Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network Applying Ontology in Network Analysis

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Applying Ontology in Network Analysis

EWG-DSS Research Collaboration Network EWG-DSS Collab-Net V.2

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

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Applying Ontology in Network Analysis

(EWG-DSS Collab-Net V.2: A Case-Study) “Ontology bridging Knowledge Management and Decision Making”

Fátima Fátima C.C. C.C. Dargam Dargam f.dargam@simtechnology.com SimTech Simulation Technology / ILTC Graz, Austria / Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Antonio C.S. Antonio C.S. Branco Branco, , Alexandre Alexandre Rademakerc Rademakerc, , Renato Renato Rocha Souza Rocha Souza antonio.branco@fgv.br, alexandre.rademaker@fgv.br, rsouza.fgv@gmail.com Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) - EMAp • Escola de Matemática Aplicada Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

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EWG-DSS Collab-Net

  A project that evaluates a collaboration

A project that evaluates a collaboration research network among the members of research network among the members of the EURO Working Group on Decision the EURO Working Group on Decision Support Systems. Support Systems.

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

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EWG-DSS-Collab-Net V.2

Specifies refined models of:

the publication relationship structure: “author-title-journal_conference-multiple_keywords- multiple_topics”

the collaboration relationship structure: (including workshop/conference publications, informal work meetings, event co-organisations, scientific committees/boards, book/journal editorials, etc. )

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

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EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

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Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

Main aim: Main aim:

  to specify an ontology model to be used within the

to specify an ontology model to be used within the collaboration research network EWG collaboration research network EWG-

  • DSS

DSS-

  • Collab

Collab-

  • Net.

Net.

  with the ontology model a common vocabulary of

with the ontology model a common vocabulary of classifications relative to the main areas of the classifications relative to the main areas of the publications can be defined and matched with the publications can be defined and matched with the existing key existing key-

  • words, co

words, co-

  • authorship, etc …

authorship, etc …

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

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SLIDE 6

EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

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Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

What about Ontology? What about Ontology?

 

An ontology is an An ontology is an explicit specification explicit specification of a

  • f a conceptualization

conceptualization. .

 

An ontology model can be described by defining its An ontology model can be described by defining its set of set of representational terms representational terms within a particular formal way within a particular formal way. .

 

For For knowledge knowledge-

  • based systems

based systems, what “exists” is exactly that which , what “exists” is exactly that which can be represented: the can be represented: the Universe of Discourse Universe of Discourse. .

 

In an ontology, definitions associate the names of entities in t In an ontology, definitions associate the names of entities in the he universe of discourse universe of discourse (e.g., classes, relations, functions, or other (e.g., classes, relations, functions, or other

  • bjects)
  • bjects) with human

with human-

  • readable text describing what the names are

readable text describing what the names are meant to denote, and formal axioms that constrain the interpreta meant to denote, and formal axioms that constrain the interpretation tion and well and well-

  • formed use of those terms.

formed use of those terms.

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

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SLIDE 7

EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net V.2

Net V.2

7

Data Input Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network Data Validation Data Structure M odel Network Repository Network Analysis Visualisation Web-Interface Dissemination

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

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Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net

Net

from (Linden, 2012) – Domain Information – v.1

EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

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EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net Domain

Net Domain

from (Linden, 2012) – data structure – v.1

EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

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EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net Domain

Net Domain

from (Linden, 2012) – data structure – v.1

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

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EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net V.2

Net V.2 Data Model Data Model

EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

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RDF RDF (Resource Description Framework Resource Description Framework): :

RDF is a method for expressing knowledge in a decentralized world and is the foundation of the Semantic Web, in which computer applications make use of distributed, structured information spread throughout the Web. RDF decomposes any type of knowledge into small pieces, with some rules about the semantics, or meaning, of those pieces. RDF is a particularly useful technology when you want to mesh together distributed information.

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

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EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net V.2

Net V.2 RDF Data Model RDF Data Model

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RDF can be defined in three simple rules: RDF can be defined in three simple rules:

1.

A fact is expressed as a triple of the form (Subject, Predicate, Object). It's like a little English sentence.

Subjects, predicates, and objects are names for entities, whether concrete or abstract, in the real world.

Names are either 1) global and refer to the same entity in any RDF document in which they appear, or 2) local, and the entity it refers to cannot be directly referred to outside of the RDF document.

1.

Objects can also be text values, called literal values.

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

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EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net V.2

Net V.2 RDF Data Model RDF Data Model

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Example of a RDF Model as a Graph: Example of a RDF Model as a Graph:

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

RDF as a Graph

  • Source: (http:/ / rdfabout.com/ quickintro.xpd)
  • Let taubz: abbreviate

http:/ / razor.occams.info/ index.html

  • Let ex: abbreviate http:/ / example.org/
  • In RDF, the nodes are names and

the edges (arrows) are statements.

  • The name at the start node of the

arrow is the statement's subject, the name at the end node of the arrow is the statement's object, and the name that labels the arrow is the predicate. Example: taubz:my_apartment ex:has (http://example.org/has) taubz:my_computer

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EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net V.2

Net V.2 Ontologies Ontologies

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 

Ontologies Ontologies to be considered in the Data Model: to be considered in the Data Model:

BIBO BIBO (Bibliographic Ontology) (Bibliographic Ontology) ; ; FOAF FOAF (“Friend of a Friend” Ontology) (“Friend of a Friend” Ontology); ; OWL OWL (OWL Web Ontology Language ) (OWL Web Ontology Language ); ; SKOS SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System) (Simple Knowledge Organization System); ; … …

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

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EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net V.2

Net V.2 Bibo Bibo Ontology Ontology

www.biblioontology.com www.biblioontology.com

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Bibliographic Ontology Bibliographic Ontology

 

Bibo Bibo describes bibliographic things on the Semantic Web in RDF RDF.

It is mainly used as a citation ontology citation ontology and as a document document classification ontology classification ontology. It can also be used as a common a common ground for converting other bibliographic data sources ground for converting other bibliographic data sources.

It provides main concepts and properties for describing citations and bibliographic references (i.e. quotes, books, articles, etc) on the Semantic Web.

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

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EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net V.2

Net V.2 Bibo Bibo Ontology Ontology

www.biblioontology.com www.biblioontology.com

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Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

Ontology: Ontology: bibo bibo http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/ http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator: bibo:bdarcus Bruce Bruce D'Arcus D'Arcus http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator: bibo:fgiasson Frederick Frederick Giasson Giasson versionInfo: "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/1.3/" All Resources All Resources (189): (189): Classes (69) {AcademicArticle; AudioDocument; Book; Journal; …} Object Properties (52) {authorList; citedBy; editor; reviewOf; …} Data Properties (54) {abstract; chapter; edition; identifier; …} Individuals (14) {degrees/ms; degrees/phd; status/accepted; status/legal…}

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EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net V.2

Net V.2 FOAF Ontology FOAF Ontology

http://www.foaf http://www.foaf-

  • project.org/

project.org/ http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

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The FOAF ("Friend of a Friend Friend of a Friend") is a Semantic Web Semantic Web project described as a "practical experiment" in the application of RDF (Resource Description Framework Resource Description Framework) Data Model and Semantic Web technologies to social networking. FOAF is a project devoted to linking people and information FOAF is a project devoted to linking people and information using the Web. using the Web. FOAF integrates three kinds of network: FOAF integrates three kinds of network:

 

social networks social networks of human collaboration, friendship and association;

representational networks that describe a simplified view of a cartoon universe in factual terms;

 

information networks information networks that use web-based linking to share independently published descriptions of this inter-connected world.

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

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EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net V.2

Net V.2 FOAF Ontology FOAF Ontology

http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

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FOAF Classes and Properties: FOAF Classes and Properties:

Classes: Classes: | Agent | Document | Group | Image | LabelProperty | OnlineAccount | OnlineChatAccount | OnlineEcommerceAccount | OnlineGamingAccount | Organization | Person | PersonalProfileDocument | Project | Properties: Properties: | account | accountName | accountServiceHomepage | age | aimChatID | based_near | birthday | currentProject | depiction |depicts | dnaChecksum | familyName | family_name | firstName | focus | fundedBy | geekcode | gender | givenName | givenname | holdsAccount | homepage | icqChatID | img | interest | isPrimaryTopicOf | jabberID | knows | lastName | logo | made | maker | mbox | mbox_sha1sum | member | membershipClass | msnChatID | myersBriggs | name | nick | openid | page | pastProject | phone | plan | primaryTopic | publications | schoolHomepage | sha1 | skypeID | status | surname | theme | thumbnail | tipjar | title | topic | topic_interest | weblog | workInfoHomepage | workplaceHomepage | yahooChatID |

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

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EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net V.2

Net V.2 OWL Ontology OWL Ontology

http://www.w3.org/TR/owl http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-

  • ref/

ref/

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OWL Web Ontology Language OWL Web Ontology Language

 

The OWL is intended to provide a language that can be The OWL is intended to provide a language that can be used to describe the classes and relations between them used to describe the classes and relations between them that are inherent in Web documents and applications. that are inherent in Web documents and applications.

 

OWL is a semantic markup language for publishing and OWL is a semantic markup language for publishing and sharing sharing ontologies

  • ntologies on the World Wide Web.
  • n the World Wide Web.

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created the Web-Ontology Working Group as part of their Semantic Web Activity in 2001, with co-chairs James Hendler and Guus

  • Schreiber. OWL

OWL became a formal W3C recommendation on February, 2004.

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

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EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net V.2

Net V.2 SKOS Ontology SKOS Ontology

http://www.w3.org/TR/swbp http://www.w3.org/TR/swbp-

  • skos

skos-

  • core

core-

  • guide

guide

EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

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SKOS SKOS -

  • Simple Knowledge Organization System

Simple Knowledge Organization System

 

SKOS SKOS is a formal language and schema designed to represent such structured information domains as thesauri thesauri, classification classification schemes, taxonomies, subject schemes, taxonomies, subject-

  • heading systems, controlled

heading systems, controlled vocabularies vocabularies, etc. It is a W3C W3C initiative more fully defined in its SKOS Core SKOS Core Guide.

Using SKOS, concepts concepts can be :

identified, labeled in natural languages, assigned notations, documented,

linked to other concepts and organized into informal hierarchies and association networks,

aggregated into concept schemes,

grouped into labeled and/or ordered collections, and mapped to concepts in other schemes.

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

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EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net V.2

Net V.2 SKOS Ontology SKOS Ontology

http://www.w3.org/TR/swbp http://www.w3.org/TR/swbp-

  • skos

skos-

  • core

core-

  • guide

guide

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SKOS Core SKOS Core

SKOS Core defines the classes and properties based on a concept concept-

  • centric view of the vocabulary

centric view of the vocabulary.

Each SKOS concept SKOS concept is defined as an RDF RDF data model resource.

Each concept can have RDF properties attached to it.

 

Concepts can be organized in hierarchies using Concepts can be organized in hierarchies using broader broader-

  • narrower

narrower relationships relationships, or linked by non , or linked by non-

  • hierarchical (associative)

hierarchical (associative) relationships. relationships.

Concepts can be gathered in concept schemes, to provide consistent and structured sets of concepts, representing whole or part of a controlled vocabulary.

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

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Ontology Model Ontology Model & Data Validation & Data Validation

The Data Model including The Data Model including Ontologies Ontologies will cater will cater for the validation of the publications input for the validation of the publications input data. data.

Knowledge areas

Keywords

Authors’ information

Normalization

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

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Data Model Example

from FGV Project (Rademaker, 2012)

  • RDF Data Model Example with Ontologies to be followed
  • Source: (Rademaker, 2012)

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

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Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

EWG EWG-

  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net

Net

EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

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Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

Conclusions : Conclusions :

  The

The ontology model

  • ntology model of the EWG
  • f the EWG-
  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net V.2 will

Net V.2 will allow us to refine the allow us to refine the publication relationship structure publication relationship structure, , as well as the as well as the collaboration relationship structure collaboration relationship structure of the

  • f the

EWG EWG-

  • DSS Network.

DSS Network. Benefits: Benefits:

  It represents

It represents better structured processes better structured processes to take to take maximum advantage of knowledge. maximum advantage of knowledge.

  The

The ontologies

  • ntologies can be leveraged to help improve

can be leveraged to help improve knowledge management and knowledge management and allow for better decisions allow for better decisions. .

  EWG

EWG-

  • DSS:

DSS: better promotion of continued and further better promotion of continued and further research collaboration among the members of the group research collaboration among the members of the group and co and co-

  • authors.

authors.

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

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SLIDE 26

Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012

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Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network

Final Remarks : Final Remarks :

  With the

With the ontology model

  • ntology model of the EWG
  • f the EWG-
  • DSS

DSS Collab Collab-

  • Net

Net V.2, we catch up with new technologies. V.2, we catch up with new technologies.

  We keep our

We keep our initial project goals initial project goals to provide solutions to provide solutions that the contemporary society demands. that the contemporary society demands.

  KM

KM – – ontologies

  • ntologies -
  • DM

DM   Successful Results Successful Results the right way to go! the right way to go!

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Thanks Thanks for your attention! for your attention!

EURO XXV - Vilnius, July 2012 Applying Ontology in the Analysis of a Research Collaboration Network