ANGAN 2019, New Delhi hi, 9 Sept ptem ember er 2019 THIS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ANGAN 2019, New Delhi hi, 9 Sept ptem ember er 2019 THIS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jun 02, 2023 432 likes •967 views

ANGAN 2019, New Delhi hi, 9 Sept ptem ember er 2019 THIS PRESENTATION WAS SHARED BY Ms. Swati Puchalapalli Founder, Terra Viridis, Hyderabad FOR THE SESSION: Analytical Tools to Estimate Building Performance DURING ANGAN 2019 ANGAN

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ANGAN 2019, New Delhi hi, 9 Sept ptem ember er 2019

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ANGAN 2019, New Delhi hi, 9 Sept ptem ember er 2019

  • Ms. Swati Puchalapalli

Founder, Terra Viridis, Hyderabad

THIS PRESENTATION WAS SHARED BY FOR THE SESSION: “Analytical Tools to Estimate Building Performance” DURING ANGAN 2019

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10th September 2019

Thematic Track 11 – Analytical Tools to Estimate Building Performance BEE ANGAN Conference

Swati Puchalapalli Director, TerraViridis Director, VeraTatva

THE ROLE OF SIMULATION TOOLS IN HIGH PERFORMANCE DESIGN – A PRACTITIONER’S PERSPECTIVE

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High Performance Sustainable Design in India – A 1000+ Year History

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Vernacular Traditions evolved around Climate

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Focused on achieving Comfort with minimal active intervention

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Design Principles – Natural Ventilation

NATURAL VENTILATION

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Design Principles – Daylighting in the Buildings

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Manual Tools & Calculations

  • Climate analysis charts
  • Sunpath Diagrams
  • Shading Protractors
  • Daylight and Radiation overlays
  • SHGC calculator (for glazing)
  • Daylight Factor Calculations
  • Ventilation and stack effect calculators
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Computer Simulation Programs

  • Irradiation Analysis – DIVA, Ecotect, Grasshopper
  • Windflow Analysis – Openfoam, Winflow, CFD, Fluent…..
  • Microclimate Analysis – Envimet, UTCI….
  • Shading analysis – external shading analysis, solar radiation penetration

studies – Ecotect, Sketchup, Vasari…

  • Dynamic Thermal Analysis - natural ventilation, comfort conditions,

cooling load calculations, eQuest, Design Builder, Espr, TAS, IES….

  • Daylight Analysis - daylighting analysis, glare analysis, complex shading

and complex daylight enhancing design analysis – Radiance, Daysim, Diva….

Daylight Studies CFD Studies Glare Assessments Shading Studies Dynamic Thermal Modelling for Passive Design and Energy Modelling Master planning Studies

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Technology

  • Insulation
  • Efficient glazing
  • Phases change materials
  • Efficient HVAC systems
  • LED lighting
  • Solar PV…..
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  • 1. Learnings from Vernacular Design
  • 2. Passive Design Principles
  • 3. Climate Analysis
  • 4. Design Principles
  • 5. Manual Calculation Tools
  • 6. Simulations and Calculations

So much information… So many tools…

  • 7. Codes – ECBC, NBC, ASHRAE, CIBSE
  • 8. Rating System Guidelines – GRIHA, LEED, IGBC, WELL….
  • 9. Thermal Comfort Metrics – IMAC, ASHRAE, CIBSE, NBC
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ARE THEY REALLY USEFUL? WHAT CAN THEY HELP ACHIEVE?

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Days of ‘The Master Builder’ are gone!!

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IT’S A TEAM EFFORT.

Architecture and Masterplanning

Interiors

Structural Engineering Landscape Sustainability MEP and Fire Engineering Lighting Design

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Architecture and Masterplanning

Interiors

Structural, MEP, Fire and Lighting Engineering Landscape Sustainability

Sustainability overlaps with every other Team Member

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Simulation Tools Bridge the Gap – Numbers can Talk!

Masterplan

Concept Design

Building level

Schematic and Detailed Design

Construction

Construction and Commissioning

Post Occupancy

Post occupancy evaluation CLIMATE DATA SOLAR STUDIES WIND FLOW & OUTDOOR COMFORT DAYLIGHTING and SHADING THERMAL, ENERGY & VENTILATION STUDIES TOOLS USED Rhinoceros + Rhinoceros + Rhinoceros + Rhinoceros /Ecotect + Grasshopper +ladybug Grasshopper +ladybug, DIVA Autodesk flow design, Ladybug, OpenFoam Grasshopper +honeybee / Ecotect, DAYSIM EDSL TAS/eQuest/Design builder, OpenFoam CFD, EnviMet

  • Form
  • Orientation
  • Masterplanning Layouts
  • Landscaping
  • External Comfort studies
  • Internal space planning
  • Natural /Mixed Mode Ventilation Design
  • Façade design
  • Shading
  • Reducing Fabric Loads
  • Maximizing Usable Daylight
  • Glare Minimization
  • Building Materials
  • Internal Surface Properties
  • Artificial lighting integration into daylight
  • Low energy cooling system integration
  • HVAC and Electrical Sizing
  • Controls, Metering and Monitoring Protocols
  • Landscape design to enhance microclimate
  • Tender documents and Shop

Drawings Checking

  • On-site Coordination

Problem Solving

  • Pre commissioning of

passive systems TOOLS USED TOOLS USED TOOLS USED TOOLS USED

  • Setting real time

benchmarks

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Simulation Tools help in..

Vernacular Design Building Physics Principles Engineering Technology The design development from start to finish 1. Combining design with technology most effectively 2. Identifying problem areas and helping to solve them 3. Optimising the design

Project: Amaravati High Court Architects: Foster + Partners, AHC

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Simulation Tools help in..

Vernacular Design Building Physics Principles Engineering Technology The design of High Performance Buildings with ambitious energy consumption targets 30kWh/sqm/annum – Institutional Building 75kWh/sqm/Annum – Office Buildings And Achieve Net Zero Energy Targets

Project: Amaravati High Court Architects: Foster + Partners, AHC

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High Performance Without Considering Comfort….

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SENIOR CLASSROOM – THERMAL STUDY

Internal External Temperature 34.7° 36.7° Humidity 33% 27% Daylight 220 lx 8084 lx 12 PM External Wall Clearstory

Project: Aga Khan Academy Retrofit

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JUNIOR CLASSROOM – THERMAL STUDY

Internal External Temperature 34.3° 34.4° Humidity 40% 31% Daylight 315 lx 2600 lx Internal External Temperature 34.7° 36° Humidity 32% 23% Daylight 500 lx 4850 lx 10 AM 2.30 PM External Wall

Project: Aga Khan Academy Retrofit

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High Performance Without Considering Comfort….is a wasted Opportunity

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SIMULATION TOOLS THAT HELP WITH COMFORT ASSESSMENT

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Early Design Stage – Climate Analysis

Masterplan

Concept Design

Building level

Schematic and Detailed Design

Construction

Construction and Commissioning

Post Occupancy

Post occupancy evaluation CLIMATE DATA SOLAR STUDIES WIND FLOW & OUTDOOR COMFORT DAYLIGHTING and SHADING THERMAL, ENERGY & VENTILATION STUDIES TOOLS USED Rhinoceros + Rhinoceros + Rhinoceros + Rhinoceros /Ecotect + Grasshopper +ladybug Grasshopper +ladybug, DIVA Autodesk flow design, Ladybug, OpenFoam Grasshopper +honeybee / Ecotect, DAYSIM EDSL TAS/eQuest/Design builder, OpenFoam CFD, EnviMet

  • Form
  • Orientation
  • Masterplanning Layouts
  • Landscaping
  • External Comfort studies
  • Internal space planning
  • Natural /Mixed Mode Ventilation Design
  • Façade design
  • Shading
  • Reducing Fabric Loads
  • Maximizing Usable Daylight
  • Glare Minimization
  • Building Materials
  • Internal Surface Properties
  • Artificial lighting integration into daylight
  • Low energy cooling system integration
  • HVAC and Electrical Sizing
  • Controls, Metering and Monitoring Protocols
  • Landscape design to enhance microclimate
  • Tender documents and Shop

Drawings Checking

  • On-site Coordination

Problem Solving

  • Pre commissioning of

passive systems TOOLS USED TOOLS USED TOOLS USED TOOLS USED

  • Setting real time

benchmarks

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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

IMAC comfort lower limit IMAC Comfort Upper limit 25 per. Mov. Avg. (Dry Bulb degC) 25 per. Mov. Avg. (Relative humidity) Dry Blub Temp. (degC) Humidity(%)

Climate Analysis – Ambient conditions

/

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Most discomfort due to High Ambient Temperature

IMAC Comfort limit Monthly avg. dry bulb temperature

  • 86% of the year is comfortable
  • Max IMAC threshold temp. – 29.1c
  • Discomfort hours as per IMAC is for
  • ne month only when ambient

temperatures go above 32 deg C

IMAC Comfort Chart

Most comfortable – low ambient temperature with Humidity (less than 60%)

Dry Blub Temp. (degC) Humidity(%)

Most comfortable – low ambient temperature with Humidity (less than 60%)

Instances when temp > 30°C and Relative humidity >50% on a sunpath Dry bulb temperature annually on a sun path diagram

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Summer

Solar Radiation Distribution at Bengaluru

  • 1. Intensity of solar radiation is higher pre-noon compared to post noon.

However ambient temperature is higher post noon compared to pre noon.

  • 2. Intensity of solar radiation is high 9am to 4pm (From April to June)
  • 3. As it is very cloudy, the intensity of radiation is the least during monsoons

(July to Sep)

  • 4. The intensity increases again post monsoon from October to March.

However, the intensity is high from around 10 am to 3pm.

Monsoon Winter Summer Monsoon Winter

Solar control and shading requirement Based on the combination of solar intensity and ambient temperatures, effective solar shading is required from

  • 9am to 4pm in from Mid March to Mid September
  • 10am to 3pm from Mid September to Mid March

Wind flow at Bengaluru

Windflow is primarily from east and west in Bangalore and quite consistent through out the year.

  • During the SW monsoons, it is predominantly from the west.
  • During NE monsoon, the wind direction changes to East and wind speeds are fairly high
  • During the winter months, the direction shifts to E, however the wind speeds are fairly low.
  • In summers, the wind direction ranges from W, SW and E.

Orienting for wind and enhancing natural ventilation at Bengaluru Given the varying wind direction and consistent winds through out the year, the following strategies have to be employed to enhance natural ventilation

  • 1. Orient to catch both West, East as well as SW breezes.
  • 2. Provide for stack ventilation along with cross ventilation to help enhance natural ventilation through out the year

Climate Analysis – Solar Intensity and Wind

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Climate Analysis – PET Temperature

Hourly PET temperature Under direct sun (Max 46.6c) Hourly PET temperature Under Shaded outdoor Condition (Max 39.6 – Min 12c)

PET Body characteristic Input Conditions –

  • Age – 25 yr.
  • Weight – 60kg
  • Body position – Standing
  • Clothing insulation – summer cloths
  • Activity duration – 180 minutes
  • Metabolic rate – 1.6

Hot conditions(PET >38c)

PET Levels -

  • Category -4 (<14c) – Very Cold
  • Category -3 (14c-18c) –Cold
  • Category -2 (18c-22c) – Cool
  • Category -1 (22c-26c) – Slightly cool
  • Category 0 (26c-30c) – Comfortable

PET Levels -

  • Category 1 (30c-34c) – Slightly warm
  • Category 2 (34c-38c) – Warm
  • Category 3 (38c-42c) – Hot
  • Category 4 (>42) – Very Hot

Warm conditions(PET>34)

Observations

Physiologically Equivalent Temperature - Under Direct sun & shaded conditions

  • Under direct sun very hot conditions starts from Feb to June, while

intensity is higher in March to May.

  • Under Shaded Outdoor conditions From March to May prevails

warm conditions.

  • Maximizing shaded path ways along with soft scaping can reduce

mean radiant temperature at outdoor conditions.

  • During Mar-May humidity levels are lower (<30%) - Humidification

through water elements (fountains, waterbodies) can reduce ambient air temperature aiding comfort in outdoor conditions.

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Early Design Stage - Masterplanning

Masterplan

Concept Design

Building level

Schematic and Detailed Design

Construction

Construction and Commissioning

Post Occupancy

Post occupancy evaluation CLIMATE DATA SOLAR STUDIES WIND FLOW & OUTDOOR COMFORT DAYLIGHTING and SHADING THERMAL, ENERGY & VENTILATION STUDIES TOOLS USED Rhinoceros + Rhinoceros + Rhinoceros + Rhinoceros /Ecotect + Grasshopper +ladybug Grasshopper +ladybug, DIVA Autodesk flow design, Ladybug, OpenFoam Grasshopper +honeybee / Ecotect, DAYSIM EDSL TAS/eQuest/Design builder, OpenFoam CFD, EnviMet

  • Form
  • Orientation
  • Masterplanning Layouts
  • Landscaping
  • External Comfort studies
  • Internal space planning
  • Natural /Mixed Mode Ventilation Design
  • Façade design
  • Shading
  • Reducing Fabric Loads
  • Maximizing Usable Daylight
  • Glare Minimization
  • Building Materials
  • Internal Surface Properties
  • Artificial lighting integration into daylight
  • Low energy cooling system integration
  • HVAC and Electrical Sizing
  • Controls, Metering and Monitoring Protocols
  • Landscape design to enhance microclimate
  • Tender documents and Shop

Drawings Checking

  • On-site Coordination

Problem Solving

  • Pre commissioning of

passive systems TOOLS USED TOOLS USED TOOLS USED TOOLS USED

  • Setting real time

benchmarks

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Irradiation studies for Option 4B

Project: IIPE Architects: Architect Hafeez Contractor

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Ventilation studies For South West-Option 4B (1.8m)

Point of interest (a) Point of interest (b) Point of interest (b)

Project: IIPE Architects: Architect Hafeez Contractor

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PET Analysis

A1 North West Semi Shade

PET 92 % of year comfortable (<34) PET 80 % of year comfortable ( <34)

A1 South East Semi Shaded

N N

Project: IIPE Architects: Architect Hafeez Contractor

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UTCI of outdoor spaces 3 1 2 4

Exposed area without overshading Exposed area with some self-shading Shaded corridors (semi open space) Shaded entrance area

UTCI is an outdoor comfort metric that combines various factors like –dry bulb temp, wind speed, relative humidity and MRT, to arrive at a comfort index. A UTCI between 26 and 28 degrees Celcius indicates slight heat stress (comfortable for short periods of time). Between 28 and 32 degrees, UTCI indicates moderate heat stress (hot but not dangerous). Between 32 and 38 degrees, UTCI indicates strong heat stress (dangerous beyond short periods of time). Above 38, UTCI indicates very strong to extreme heat stress (very dangerous). Project: MAHE Architecture School Architects: Purple Ink Studio

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Detailed Design Stage

Masterplan

Concept Design

Building level

Schematic and Detailed Design

Construction

Construction and Commissioning

Post Occupancy

Post occupancy evaluation CLIMATE DATA SOLAR STUDIES WIND FLOW & OUTDOOR COMFORT DAYLIGHTING and SHADING THERMAL, ENERGY & VENTILATION STUDIES TOOLS USED Rhinoceros + Rhinoceros + Rhinoceros + Rhinoceros /Ecotect + Grasshopper +ladybug Grasshopper +ladybug, DIVA Autodesk flow design, Ladybug, OpenFoam Grasshopper +honeybee / Ecotect, DAYSIM EDSL TAS/eQuest/Design builder, OpenFoam CFD, EnviMet

  • Form
  • Orientation
  • Masterplanning Layouts
  • Landscaping
  • External Comfort studies
  • Internal space planning
  • Natural /Mixed Mode Ventilation Design
  • Façade design
  • Shading
  • Reducing Fabric Loads
  • Maximizing Usable Daylight
  • Glare Minimization
  • Building Materials
  • Internal Surface Properties
  • Artificial lighting integration into daylight
  • Low energy cooling system integration
  • HVAC and Electrical Sizing
  • Controls, Metering and Monitoring Protocols
  • Landscape design to enhance microclimate
  • Tender documents and Shop

Drawings Checking

  • On-site Coordination

Problem Solving

  • Pre commissioning of

passive systems TOOLS USED TOOLS USED TOOLS USED TOOLS USED

  • Setting real time

benchmarks

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Increasing beam-depth (75%) Increasing beam-depth (50%)

UDI between 100 and 2000 lux(Chief Justice court room)

Key plan_ 6th floor_location of court hall 100% glazing with shading (base case) 75% glazing with shading (base case) 50% glazing with shading (base case)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.75 1.5 2.25 3 3.75 4.5 5.25 6 6.75 7.5 8.25 9 9.75 10.5 11.25 12 12.75 13.5 14.25 15 15.75 16.5 17.25 18 18.75 UDI< 100 lux Distance from light well façade in m 100% 75% 50%

Chief Justice’s Court hall 1_ UDI between 100 and 2000 lux

Project: Amaravati High Court Architects: Foster + Partners, AHC

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Fish eye images for Daylight glare possibility

50% glazing case-Chief justice’s court (sixth floor) Daylight glare probability – 0.202 (DGP<0.34 is imperceptible glare) 75% glazing case- chief justice's court (sixth floor) Daylight glare probability – 0.24 (DGP<0.34 is imperceptible glare) 100% glazing case- Chief justice’s court-(sixth floor) Daylight glare probability – 0.27 (DGP<0.34 is imperceptible glare) Key plan_ 6th floor_location of court hall

Project: Amaravati High Court Architects: Foster + Partners, AHC

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North Shading is ideal when taken perpendicular to the surface, incase it is extended in line of skylight, dimension of shading increases to 610mm.

SKYLIGHT GEOMETRY

605mm 750mm 1200mm 600mm 600mm 450mm 1200mm

Project: Aga Khan Academy Architects: DCOOP

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STEREOGRAPHIC SUN PATH PROJECTION

North skylight is well shaded and sunlight infiltration is

  • bserved only after 5pm during summer months

South East skylight is well shaded and sunlight infiltration is

  • bserved only till 8.15 am during winter months

Project: Aga Khan Academy Architects: DCOOP

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67 80 81 81 80 80 84 87 87 90 91 90 88 88 91 91 92 92 91 90 93 93 92 92 91 92 92 93 93 93 93 92 91 91 90 89 48 45 55 56 63 66 74 78 79 78 79 80 81 91 91 92 92 92 91 89 93 93 93 92 93 93 93 92 91 91 91 91 91 92 93 93 93 91 91 90 90 89 36 49 48 52 57 63 72 75 78 78 79 85 90 90 90 91 91 91 92 93 93 93 93 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 91 91 91 92 91 91 92 91 91 90 90 89 46 43 45 50 53 54 73 76 78 79 80 89 89 89 89 90 91 91 90 91 91 93 93 93 93 93 91 91 91 91 91 91 92 91 91 91 92 91 91 90 89 88 36 41 43 46 67 76 71 74 79 80 90 91 91 92 92 92 89 89 90 90 90 94 93 93 93 93 94 93 92 92 91 91 91 91 91 90 92 92 91 90 89 87 31 49 40 48 64 74 72 81 82 86 89 91 92 92 92 92 90 89 90 90 92 92 92 92 94 94 94 94 92 90 91 90 90 90 93 93 92 92 91 90 88 92 47 47 37 38 78 75 84 80 82 84 82 84 89 91 91 89 89 89 91 91 91 91 91 94 94 94 93 93 93 92 90 90 90 93 93 92 92 91 92 92 92 91 38 32 32 68 75 79 83 78 79 80 81 83 84 92 92 91 89 89 92 91 91 93 93 94 94 93 93 93 93 93 92 92 93 92 93 92 93 92 91 91 91 91 28 29 46 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82 81 80 79 77 81 78 75 71 75 73 71 73 19 16 16 21 30 20 24 27 69 72 74 70 70 70 74 75 74 79 79 80 80 79 83 81 81 78 75 82 85 82 81 81 83 82 81 81 79 77 75 73 73 72 19 12 14 16 19 26 31 44 67 70 57 61 63 84 85 82 79 78 78 78 81 81 79 79 79 79 84 84 85 86 81 81 83 82 81 81 78 76 74 73 80 77 9 14 14 16 18 25 20 34 55 57 54 71 76 83 84 88 78 78 79 79 79 79 79 79 80 82 84 83 83 80 85 84 82 81 79 79 77 75 73 82 80 78 21 22 13 15 16 23 17 26 32 40 45 54 80 81 83 81 82 80 78 78 79 80 80 78 80 81 83 80 76 76 75 78 81 80 83 82 80 74 77 78 78 80 9 15 24 15 16 22 26 28 30 33 66 72 73 79 80 81 80 79 78 78 78 85 85 82 81 81 80 78 79 79 75 74 83 84 84 83 81 77 76 74 73 82 9 10 11 14 16 20 27 27 37 53 70 70 71 78 80 80 80 78 78 82 86 85 83 82 81 80 80 84 83 83 76 75 87 87 85 82 81 79 77 79 82 80 20 12 14 17 20 23 28 32 68 69 69 68 74 75 75 82 83 83 83 84 84 84 83 82 81 82 84 83 82 82 87 87 87 87 85 81 81 80 79 81 79 78 14 14 15 14 20 23 32 42 51 64 68 70 74 77 79 81 82 82 82 82 82 84 83 83 84 84 84 82 81 80 79 83 85 86 82 81 80 81 81 80 78 77 11 19 18 26 30 23 29 39 54 59 78 78 77 73 80 81 81 82 82 82 83 82 83 84 83 83 82 81 85 83 80 81 81 81 81 81 80 85 84 81 79 76 16 17 22 24 26 22 30 32 66 65 76 78 79 75 75 76 82 82 83 76 76 79 81 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 81 81 85 84 82 83 85 84 83 81 78 75 16 20 20 22 24 24 32 37 57 63 67 74 73 74 77 79 81 80 79 76 76 75 83 83 82 80 80 82 84 83 84 85 85 84 84 87 85 84 81 81 79 76 17 17 18 18 17 21 27 46 47 54 52 54 71 74 74 80 81 79 76 75 82 82 83 83 83 80 86 85 84 83 81 84 84 85 87 86 85 83 80 80 79 77 20 19 23 22 28 27 35 40 49 50 58 63 64 82 83 83 82 82 82 77 88 86 85 85 87 86 85 84 82 81 81 82 82 85 86 85 84 80 81 80 79 77 15 19 19 22 24 26 31 39 50 50 58 72 80 81 80 81 81 82 85 87 87 86 87 88 87 86 85 84 82 81 81 81 82 82 83 83 83 82 81 80 79 77 25 18 19 18 19 21 33 39 50 56 63 78 77 77 77 79 81 82 80 81 82 87 88 87 87 86 82 82 82 81 81 81 83 83 82 81 83 82 81 80 78 76 16 22 16 17 23 34 29 35 59 61 78 80 82 84 84 83 78 78 79 79 80 88 89 86 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72 72 72 72 72 80 79 83 85 84 80 76 77 76 75 73 77 76 75 77 76 74 70 66 77 76 25 25 28 35 15 24 31 35 34 41 46 53 70 73 75 79 77 73 69 74 73 72 70 79 82 81 88 85 82 76 75 79 78 76 71 77 72 75 78 75 75 73 19 17 21 14 23 16 21 26 33 36 37 40 56 61 72 73 73 74 80 79 74 67 64 77 81 84 87 86 86 81 77 77 77 78 76 76 77 77 76 73 59 56 23 17 19 28 36 17 17 20 30 32 41 44 50 54 64 68 78 79 78 75 78 76 76 74 73 80 85 82 77 79 81 79 74 71 68 67 68 71 66 60 54 49 15 12 12 18 20 19 38 33 27 32 44 47 58 58 78 79 74 69 69 77 71 70 66 69 68 84 83 84 76 75 79 76 68 66 64 63 65 63 61 60 57 52 16 10 11 15 17 24 33 28 35 37 39 45 62 69 70 72 61 60 65 71 67 66 58 64 68 76 76 76 79 70 61 61 63 63 64 64 62 59 60 57 52 37 13 19 13 15 15 17 17 24 31 32 45 45 56 65 65 68 55 58 67 63 59 56 54 52 73 73 47 70 75 68 65 57 63 62 72 68 59 57 64 59 38 35 9 10 12 11 13 13 14 17 25 32 40 40 50 51 43 44 63 62 61 60 63 58 48 47 64 55 42 62 75 64 47 52 53 64 70 68 57 59 60 53 40 37 10 10 11 12 16 19 21 21 22 21 36 42 45 44 41 49 57 56 56 59 59 58 60 61 59 50 48 46 55 58 61 59 57 58 65 61 51 48 54 47 37 34 7 9 13 11 12 12 17 22 17 22 31 38 30 28 56 58 34 42 51 51 48 51 54 54 54 50 46 47 48 49 62 56 51 50 61 60 42 44 48 46 41 37 6 7 7 9 11 14 15 15 12 13 29 28 26 35 48 39 30 30 49 46 41 41 59 54 48 47 46 43 48 48 59 58 54 55 56 47 34 32 47 44 38 34 5 7 7 8 12 10 19 17 22 25 24 20 33 35 45 44 58 59 42 56 43 41 52 37 46 43 34 36 43 34 47 48 48 46 44 42 44 42 41 39 33 30 6 5 7 7 11 11 13 19 12 20 14 16 23 16 29 38 48 34 28 48 39 29 41 33 50 34 35 37 55 30 39 37 59 50 39 58 37 37 50 45 27 26 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 16 11 11 19 15 29 24 16 28 28 38 28 42 34 46 44 17 46 36 41 28 35 36 30 39 53 42 34 52 54 33 28 37 24 22

DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY

DA@250: Average- 54.2% DA@200: Average- 71.7% DA@150: Average- 87.1%

Project: Aga Khan Academy Architects: DCOOP

slide-40
SLIDE 40

600MM SKYLIGHT OPENING- Acute Angle Panel options

CASE 1A

  • With translucent panels, daylight levels drop by more than 40% to

around 150 lux as compared to the above case.

  • Glare is also high due to the brightness of the translucent panels.

CASE 1B

350mm

  • verhang

800mm

  • verhang

600mm

  • verhang

Acoustic panels along this edge

600mm 2250mm

CASE 1A PLT white DGU

  • Clear DGU with 0.75 VLT is used
  • Position of Acoustic panel as per architect’s

drawing

  • This configuration of acoustic panels doe snto provide sufficient

shading from direct sun. It also results in high visual contrast in the line

  • f sight (as seen as red patches) that results in glare.
  • Daylight levels are adequate

350mm

  • verhang

800mm

  • verhang

600mm

  • verhang

Acoustic panels along this edge

600mm 2250mm

Translucent Panel CASE 1B

  • Translucent panel with 0.7 VLT is used
  • Position of Acoustic panel as per architect’s

drawing

Project: Aga Khan Academy Architects: DCOOP

slide-41
SLIDE 41

600MM SKYLIGHT OPENING- Obtuse Angle Panel option

CASE 2

  • This configuration of acoustic panels with clear DGU provides adequate

daylight as well as good glare control.

Recommendation

  • Increase the spacing between the roof monitors by reducing the

number. 350mm

  • verhang

800mm

  • verhang

600mm

  • verhang

600mm 2250mm

Acoustic panels along this edge PLT white DGU CASE 2

  • Position of Acoustic panel as per report 9
  • Clear DGU with 0.75 VLT is used

Project: Aga Khan Academy Architects: DCOOP

slide-42
SLIDE 42

Detailed Design Stage

Masterplan

Concept Design

Building level

Schematic and Detailed Design

Construction

Construction and Commissioning

Post Occupancy

Post occupancy evaluation CLIMATE DATA SOLAR STUDIES WIND FLOW & OUTDOOR COMFORT DAYLIGHTING and SHADING THERMAL, ENERGY & VENTILATION STUDIES TOOLS USED Rhinoceros + Rhinoceros + Rhinoceros + Rhinoceros /Ecotect + Grasshopper +ladybug Grasshopper +ladybug, DIVA Autodesk flow design, Ladybug, OpenFoam Grasshopper +honeybee / Ecotect, DAYSIM EDSL TAS/eQuest/Design builder, OpenFoam CFD, EnviMet

  • Form
  • Orientation
  • Masterplanning Layouts
  • Landscaping
  • External Comfort studies
  • Internal space planning
  • Natural /Mixed Mode Ventilation Design
  • Façade design
  • Shading
  • Reducing Fabric Loads
  • Maximizing Usable Daylight
  • Glare Minimization
  • Building Materials
  • Internal Surface Properties
  • Artificial lighting integration into daylight
  • Low energy cooling system integration
  • HVAC and Electrical Sizing
  • Controls, Metering and Monitoring Protocols
  • Landscape design to enhance microclimate
  • Tender documents and Shop

Drawings Checking

  • On-site Coordination

Problem Solving

  • Pre commissioning of

passive systems TOOLS USED TOOLS USED TOOLS USED TOOLS USED

  • Setting real time

benchmarks

slide-43
SLIDE 43

Project: Amaravati High Court Architects: Foster + Partners, AHC

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SLIDE 44

Such as understanding the impact of U-Value on cooling loads as well as comfort in a fully shaded space…..

  • 5%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 % Reduction – Annual Cooling Load U-Value, W/m2K

U-Value Sensitivity Graph - Fully Shaded Judge's Chambers

Fo- J.Chamber 13- I Fo- J.Chamber 16 - I Fo- J.Chamber 19 - I Fo- J.Chamber 20 - I Fo- J.Chamber 23 - I Fo- J.Chamber 26 - I

Project: Amaravati High Court Architects: Foster + Partners, AHC

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SLIDE 45

Such as understanding the impact of U-Value on comfort in a fully shaded space…..

24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Temperature C Hours

Court Complex 13 -Resultant Temperatures -Day 158

External Temperatures Single Glazing Double Glazing Planitherm Pristine White SKN 165 Dry Bulb Temperatures SKN 165+U-0.4(walls and roof) 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Temperature C Hours

Court Complex 13 -Radiant Temperatures -Day 158

External Temperatures Single Glazing Double Glazing Planitherm Pristine White SKN 165 Dry Bulb Temperatures SKN 165+U-0.4(walls and roof)

Project: Amaravati High Court Architects: Foster + Partners, AHC

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SLIDE 46

Irradiation studies-North Facing Balcony for all east and west facing Villa

Unshaded Area

Un- Shaded

(% of Time Annually)

Shaded

(% of Time Annually)

Hot to Very Hot

(>38°C)

17% 4%

Warm (34- 38°C)

6% 4%

Slight Warm (30- 34°C)

8% 7%

Cool to Comfo rtable (<30°C )

65% 85%

shaded Area

  • Based on the irradiation studies it is

recommended to shade the open terrace

  • n the North since the irradiation is higher

than 2064kwh/m2 throughout the year to allow the occupants to use the space. Project: Organo Antaram Architects: FHD Studios

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SLIDE 47

West Facing-First Floor Bedroom Typical Summer Week Results

W-Bedroom FF-1

Case-1

Window A 2.4 X 2.4 m Open from 7am to 10 Pm Window-B 0.6 X 1.5 m Open all day

W-Bedroom FF-1

Window-A 1.8 X 2.4 m Open from 7am to 10 Pm Window-B 0.6 X 1.8 m Open all day Window-B 0.6 X 1.5 m Open all day

Case-2

W-Bedroom FF-1

Window-A 1.8 X 2.4m Open from 7am to 10 Pm Window-B 0.6 X 1.8 m Open all day

Case-3

Window-B 0.6 X 1.8 m Open all day Window-B 0.6 X 1.5 m Open all day

  • 2000
  • 1000

1000 2000 3000 4000 20 25 30 35 40 45 24 48 72 96 120 144 Watts Temp °C Hours

Case-1

Bed Room FF_1 Solar Gain (W) Bed Room FF_1 External Conduction Opaque (W) Bed Room FF_1 External Conduction Glazing (W) External Temperature (°C) Bed Room FF_1 Dry Bulb (°C) Bed Room FF_1 Radiant Temp (°C) Bed Room FF_1 Resultant Temp (°C)

  • 2000
  • 1000

1000 2000 3000 4000 20 25 30 35 40 45 24 48 72 96 120 144 Watts Temp °C Hours

Case-2

Bed Room FF_1 Solar Gain (W) Bed Room FF_1 External Conduction Opaque (W) Bed Room FF_1 External Conduction Glazing (W) External Temperature (°C) Bed Room FF_1 Dry Bulb (°C) Bed Room FF_1 Radiant Temp (°C) Bed Room FF_1 Resultant Temp (°C)

  • 2000
  • 1000

1000 2000 3000 4000 20 25 30 35 40 45 24 48 72 96 120 144 Watts Temp °C Hours

Case-3

Bed Room FF_1 Solar Gain (W) Bed Room FF_1 External Conduction Opaque (W) Bed Room FF_1 External Conduction Glazing (W) External Temperature (°C) Bed Room FF_1 Dry Bulb (°C) Bed Room FF_1 Radiant Temp (°C) Bed Room FF_1 Resultant Temp (°C)

Project: Organo Antaram Architects: FHD Studios

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SLIDE 48

At 1.5mt from floor level

Option 1– Temperature in C

Due to low wind speed and weak eddies only 1c drop in temperature is

  • bserved.

The corridor though having less windspeed manages to have 2c temperature drop. 1c temperature drop is

  • bserved.

The inlet regions can feel too hot . 1c temperature drop is

  • bserved.

The corridor though having less windspeed manages to have 2c temperature drop.

Project: TCS Pune Architects: Edifice Architects

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SLIDE 49

It is also important to understand what simulations can’t help with in relation to Comfort

⁻ Privacy ⁻ Security ⁻ Dust ⁻ Noise pollution ⁻ Mosquitoes and flys ⁻ Spiders and spider webs ⁻ Pigeons ⁻ Rain (water tightness) ⁻ Accessibility of openings

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SLIDE 50

Performance criteria is defined Design generation Simulation Evaluation Optimisation

Design process uses Simulation and optimization as techniques to formulate a design problem and generate an optimum solution. This iterative performance optimization requires a responsive approach to design that anticipates design modification.

An Iterative Design Process

Every building is unique ‘Cookie Cutter’ solutions seldom work well

slide-51
SLIDE 51

Comfort is

  • Very subjective
  • Unpredictable sometimes

However, if not considered, it has the potential to ruin any design