and its affecting our lives in many different ways Adaptation & - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

…and it’s affecting our lives in many different ways

Adaptation & Mitigation

Smart City Energy Storage Hyperloop Hydrogen Train Micro-Irrigation Algea Biofuel

CAGR 2018-2024 Stationary Energy Storage ($10B) 38% • Smart Buildings ($62B) 34% • Solar Energy ($633B) 24% • • Smart Transportation ($285B) 23% • Electric Vehicles ($464B) 22% Li-Ion Batteries ($80B) 17% Smart Agriculture ($21B) 14% • Wind Energy ($170B) 13% • Energy Efficient Devices ($1T) 4.3% 12% 22.3% • Hydrogen ($206B) 6% Water Treatment ($664B) 4%

When? To beginning of humankind To end of humankind 200 years ? ~1800 AD What shape will have that transition?

7% 17% 27% 37%

Power Generation Mix NEO 2018 power generation mix Historical world power generation mix 100% Other 90% Solar 80% 70% Nuclear 64% renewables by 2050 Wind 60% & 48% solar and wind Oil 50% Hydro Gas 40% 30% Coal 20% 29% fossil fuels by 10% 2050 0% 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Source: Bloomberg NEF; IEA

PV - Installed Capacity (MW) Source: IEA

• Large variety of PV cells type : crystalline, multijunction, • While efficiency grows, costs continue to decline thin-film, organic, etc. • Cumulative production x 2 → Price -24% • Growing cell efficiencies for all types

Solar cells into roof tiles • • Solar cells into building’s facades • •

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A network of integrated microgrids By 2040, 11B smart appliances are expected to be Provide 185 GW of system flexibility and save deployed in the smart grid worldwide $270B in electricity infrastructure. Generators: energy from small generators and solar panels Storage: energy generated at off-peak times can reduce overall demand on the grid could be stored in batteries for later use Processors: execute special Demand management: use protection can be shift to off-peak schemes in times to save money Sensors: detect disturbances and can microseconds signal for areas to be isolated Smart appliances: can shut off in response to frequency fluctuations

Energy Management Phasor Distribution Grid Systems Measurement Units Management Advanced Metering Transmission Renewable Infrastructure Enhancement Generation Smart Appliances Integration

Trend Objectives • Reduction of Cobalt Content ( ~ 20% to ~ 6%) • Reduce cost • Improvement of anode graphite structure • Increase energy density (addition of silicon) to improve charging rates • Improve charging rates • Development of gel-like electrolyte material • Improve battery safety Sources: IEA analysis based on Meeus (2018); Nationale Plattform Elektromobilitat (2016); NEDO (2018); Howell (2016); Pillot (2017).

• • • • • • • Source: Cenex

Shipping Aviation Rail

Li-Ion Batteries Pumped-Hydro Compressed Air Flywheels

Energy & Power Density Lifespan Discharge Time Overall Cost

Agriculture Industrial Municipalities/ Households

Source: focusingfuture.com

W ater I nnovation

1 kg of Rice 1 kg of Chocolate 1 kg of Beef 1 L of Biofuel

Drilling, Seeding and Spraying Fertigation Water management Livestock Monitoring Aerial Crop Monitoring

Precision Farming • High precision positioning systems • Sensors and remote sensing • Integrated electronic communications Livestock Monitoring • Understand feeding and drinking habbits • Help fend off disease or infections • Protects Animals

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Smart Cities & Buildings Solar & Wind Energy Efficiency 20-25% average growth Smart Transportation Smart Agriculture Smart Grid Energy Storage Water & Wastewater Treatment →

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