Analyzing "Global Access to the Internet for All" Projects - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Analyzing "Global Access to the Internet for All" Projects Sascha Rushing Chair for Network Architectures and Services Department for Computer Science Technische Universität München January 14, 2016 Technische Universität München – Chair for Network Architectures and Services 1

Outline Introduction 1) 1) Motivation 2) Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) 3) GAIA (Global Access to the Internet for All) GAIA Proposals 2) 1) Google – Project Loon 2) Facebook – internet.org 3) Community Networks 4) Microsoft – Whitespaces 5) Other Initiatives Contribution Proposals 3) Conclusion 4) Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 2

The Internet, a part of every day life Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 3

Motivation  Internet increases knowledge, education, health, economy and many others  Only around 1/3 have Internet access  Global Internet User Survey 2012: majority for Internet access as basic human right  Global Goals (United Nations): Internet access in least developed countries by 2020 Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 4

The World Online Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 5

The Problem  Population scattered across huge areas Low cost effectiveness for Internet Service Providers (ISP)  Low average income / too high access cost People cannot afford Internet access (also in developed countries) Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 6

Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)  Focuses on long term research concerning Internet protocols, applications, architecture and technology  Parallel organization of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)  Consists of various sub groups, currently 11  25 sub groups have concluded their activities in the past Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 7

Global Access to the Internet for All (GAIA)  Sub group of IRTF  Chartered on October 15 th 2014  Triggered by The Internet Society’s Global Internet User Survey 2012 Goals of GAIA 1. Create visibility and interest 2. Create a shared vision 3. Foster collaborations 4. Document and share experiences 5. Decrease the cost of Internet access (10x) 6. Contribute to the IETF standardization efforts Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 8

Google – Project Loon  Balloons function as wireless access points  Approximately 20 km altitude (Stratosphere)  Use stratified wind layers (8 – 32 km/h) to change position Solar panel 1. Balloon envelope 2. Electronics 3. Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 9

Google – Project Loon Challenges  Low air pressure  Low air temperatures  More direct UV light  Political issues Advantages  Above commercial airplane altitudes  Above weather phenomenon  No obstruction of sunlight Solar power Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 10

Google – Project Loon Connection: Balloon – End User/Ground Station  First tests using ISM bands (2.4 and 5.8 GHz)  Partnered with telecommunication companies  LTE-technology Connection: Balloon – Balloon  Official algorithm disclosed  Probably similar to IEEE 802.11s, mesh networking standard Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 11

Facebook – internet.org  Divide-and-conquer approach  Different population densities need different solutions  Only satellites too expensive  Radio mast, drones, LEO and GEO satellites Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 12

Facebook – internet.org  Similar approach to Google’s Project Loon  Drones called Aquilla as wireless access points  Approximately 20 km altitude  Connection via Free Space Optics (FSO) and radio waves Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 13

Facebook – internet.org Free Space Optics  Comparable to fiber optic cables  Different mediums at use, air vs. glass  LEDs or lasers as transmitter Issues  Geometric path loss  Obstruction by physical objects  Fog and clouds Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 14

Facebook – internet.org Public responds  Mixed reactions  Concern that internet.org is not neutral, not secure and basically not the Internet  Open letter of concern to Mark Zuckerberg, signed by many organizations including Digitale Gesellschaft and Förderverein freie Netzwerke e.V./freifunk.net Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 15

Community Networks  By citizens for citizens  Anyone can participate  Communities own open IP-based networks  Nodes linked via IEEE 802.11a/b/n or fiber cable  Guifi.net in Spain over 20,000 nodes  Germany: freifunkt.net  In 209 cities and towns Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 16

Community Networks (Internet-in-a-box)  Each network has its own data and services  Network content is saved on mobile devices (Phones, Tables, …)  Data exchanged via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth connection  Persistent data vital and limited  Liberouters as public exchange points Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 17

Whitespaces  Problem with the electromagnetic spectrum: licensing  Analog TV transmission needs ”gap” between channels = TV whitespaces  Used to establish Internet connection, referred to as Super-WiFi  Microsoft projects:  Africa  South America  Asia Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 18

Other Initiatives  Virtual Public Networks (VPuN)  Social Wi-Fi  A4AI  Traffic Optimization  Local Initiatives (AirJaldi, TUCAN3G)  Many more to come Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 19

Contributing to GAIA at TUM IP spoofing  Forging source IP address in packets  Used for DoS attacks and authentication fraud  Chair publication: “Certifying Spoofing -Protection of Firewalls”  Google balloons and Facebook drones  Prevent spoofed packets from entering the mesh network Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 20

Contributing to GAIA at TUM Software based Packet Processing  Using commodity instead of dedicated hardware  Tradeoff: Costs vs. Performance  Chair publication: “ Performance Exploration of Software-based Packet Processing Systems ”  Community Networking, Freifunk München  Packet processing package for OpenWrt Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 21

Contributing to GAIA at TUM Digital Certificates and Authentication  TUM Secure E-Mail project  Thesis topics concerning digital certificate management  Certificate management system for local Community Networks  Increasing privacy and security in open and low connected setups Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 22

Contributing to GAIA at TUM General topics Authentication and Anonymity  Community Networks Traffic Measurement and Analysis  Project Loon and internet.org, mesh network arrangement Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 23

Conclusion  Internet access acknowledged as important  Part of the United Nations Global Goals  Global players, organizations and individuals working on solutions Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 24

Thank you Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing 25