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Analyzing "Global Access to the Internet for All" Projects Sascha Rushing Chair for Network Architectures and Services Department for Computer Science Technische Universitt Mnchen January 14, 2016 Technische Universitt Mnchen

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Technische Universität München – Chair for Network Architectures and Services

Analyzing "Global Access to the Internet for All" Projects

Sascha Rushing

Chair for Network Architectures and Services Department for Computer Science Technische Universität München

January 14, 2016

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Outline

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Introduction 1) Motivation 2) Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) 3) GAIA (Global Access to the Internet for All)

2)

GAIA Proposals 1) Google – Project Loon 2) Facebook – internet.org 3) Community Networks 4) Microsoft – Whitespaces 5) Other Initiatives

3)

Contribution Proposals

4)

Conclusion

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

The Internet, a part of every day life

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Motivation

 Internet increases knowledge, education, health, economy and

many others

 Only around 1/3 have Internet access  Global Internet User Survey 2012: majority for Internet access as

basic human right

 Global Goals (United Nations): Internet access in least

developed countries by 2020

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

The World Online

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

The Problem

 Population scattered across huge areas

Low cost effectiveness for Internet Service Providers (ISP)

 Low average income / too high access cost

People cannot afford Internet access (also in developed countries)

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)

 Focuses on long term research concerning Internet protocols,

applications, architecture and technology

 Parallel organization of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)  Consists of various sub groups, currently 11  25 sub groups have concluded their activities in the past

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Global Access to the Internet for All (GAIA)

 Sub group of IRTF  Chartered on October 15th 2014  Triggered by The Internet Society’s Global Internet

User Survey 2012 1. Create visibility and interest 2. Create a shared vision 3. Foster collaborations 4. Document and share experiences 5. Decrease the cost of Internet access (10x) 6. Contribute to the IETF standardization efforts

Goals of GAIA

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Google – Project Loon

 Balloons function as wireless access points  Approximately 20 km altitude (Stratosphere)  Use stratified wind layers (8 – 32 km/h) to change position

Solar panel

Balloon envelope

Electronics

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Google – Project Loon

 Low air pressure  Low air temperatures  More direct UV light  Political issues

Challenges Advantages

 Above commercial airplane altitudes  Above weather phenomenon  No obstruction of sunlight

Solar power

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Google – Project Loon

 First tests using ISM bands (2.4 and 5.8 GHz)  Partnered with telecommunication companies  LTE-technology

Connection: Balloon – End User/Ground Station Connection: Balloon – Balloon

 Official algorithm disclosed  Probably similar to IEEE 802.11s, mesh networking standard

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Facebook – internet.org

 Divide-and-conquer approach  Different population densities need different solutions  Only satellites too expensive  Radio mast, drones,

LEO and GEO satellites

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Facebook – internet.org

 Similar approach to Google’s Project Loon  Drones called Aquilla as wireless access points  Approximately 20 km altitude  Connection via Free Space Optics (FSO) and radio waves

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Facebook – internet.org

 Comparable to fiber optic cables  Different mediums at use, air vs. glass  LEDs or lasers as transmitter

Free Space Optics Issues

 Geometric path loss  Obstruction by physical objects  Fog and clouds

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Facebook – internet.org

 Mixed reactions  Concern that internet.org is not neutral, not secure and basically

not the Internet

 Open letter of concern to Mark Zuckerberg, signed by many

rganizations including Digitale Gesellschaft and Förderverein

freie Netzwerke e.V./freifunk.net

Public responds

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Community Networks

 By citizens for citizens  Anyone can participate  Communities own open IP-based networks  Nodes linked via IEEE 802.11a/b/n or fiber cable  Guifi.net in Spain over

20,000 nodes

 Germany: freifunkt.net  In 209 cities and towns

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Community Networks (Internet-in-a-box)

 Each network has its own data and services  Network content is saved on mobile devices (Phones, Tables, …)  Data exchanged via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth connection  Persistent data vital and limited  Liberouters as public

exchange points

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Whitespaces

 Problem with the electromagnetic spectrum: licensing  Analog TV transmission needs ”gap” between channels = TV

whitespaces

 Used to establish Internet connection, referred to as Super-WiFi  Microsoft projects:

Africa
South America
Asia

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Other Initiatives

 Virtual Public Networks (VPuN)  Social Wi-Fi  A4AI  Traffic Optimization  Local Initiatives (AirJaldi, TUCAN3G)  Many more to come

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Contributing to GAIA at TUM

IP spoofing

 Forging source IP address in packets  Used for DoS attacks and authentication fraud  Chair publication: “Certifying Spoofing-Protection of Firewalls”  Google balloons and Facebook drones  Prevent spoofed packets from entering the mesh network

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Contributing to GAIA at TUM

Software based Packet Processing

 Using commodity instead of dedicated hardware  Tradeoff: Costs vs. Performance  Chair publication: “Performance Exploration of Software-based

Packet Processing Systems”

 Community Networking, Freifunk München  Packet processing package for OpenWrt

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Contributing to GAIA at TUM

Digital Certificates and Authentication

 TUM Secure E-Mail project  Thesis topics concerning digital certificate management  Certificate management system for local Community Networks  Increasing privacy and security in open and low connected

setups

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Contributing to GAIA at TUM

Community Networks

Authentication and Anonymity Traffic Measurement and Analysis

Project Loon and internet.org, mesh network arrangement

General topics

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Conclusion

 Internet access acknowledged as important  Part of the United Nations Global Goals  Global players, organizations and individuals working on

solutions

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Thank you

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Analyzing Global Access to the Internet for All Projects – Sascha Rushing

Image References

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Train, Access date: 28.09.2015, URL: http://www.pymnts.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Train-App.jpg

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Kids, Access date: 28.09.2015, URL: http://bishopstonmatters.co.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/4-kids- playing-with-tablet-web.gif

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Adults, Access date: 28.09.2015, URL: http://www.johnpaulino.com/documents/1276260/1277640/bigstockCoupleatPC.jpg/e3d27e7e-04de-4fee-8490- ebe5c9379a1d?t=1431025272768

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Seniors, Access date: 28.09.2015, URL: http://www.dcputnamconsulting.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/FAQ.jpg

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The World Online, Access date: 12.09.2015. URL: http://geonet.oii.ox.ac.uk/blog/the-world-online/

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Project Loon balloon, Access date: 28.09.2015 URL: https://timedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/google- balloon.jpg?quality=65&strip=color&w=1100

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Project Loon components, Access date 17.09.2015 URL: http://www.google.de/loon/how/

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Project Loon antenna, Access date 28.09.2015, URL: http://mybroadband.co.za/news/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Google-Project-Loon-012.jpg

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Internet.org Diagram, Access Date: 19.09.2015. URL: https://fbcdn-dragon-a.akamaihd.net/hphotosak-ash3/t39.2365- 6/851574_611544752265540_1262758947_n.pdf.

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Facebook drone, Access date: 22.09.2015. URL: http://www.technologyreview.com/news/539756/meet-facebooks- stratospheric-internet-drone/

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Guifi.net, Access date: 29.09.2015, URL: http://www.nonada.es/wp-content/uploads/guifi-net-mapa-espanya-txt.jpg

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Liberouter, Access date:17.09.2015. URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1P45t6wc9rzOHJEMHJ0ZjFxZnlkalpmX1N6N0tkNUtPQlpZ/view?pli=1

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Super Wi-Fi, Access date:24.09.2015. URL: http://research.microsoft.com/enus/projects/spectrum/technology.aspx