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AMSU Bias Adjustments Larry McMillin Jiang Zhao Climate Research - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 08, 2023 •277 likes •1.06k views

AMSU Bias Adjustments Larry McMillin Jiang Zhao Climate Research and Applications Division National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service Washington, D.C. Larry.McMillin@noaa.gov L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA Why

  1. AMSU Bias Adjustments Larry McMillin Jiang Zhao Climate Research and Applications Division National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service Washington, D.C. Larry.McMillin@noaa.gov L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  2. Why Adjustments are necessary • Retrieval systems use the difference between measured radiance and those calculated from a known state to determine changes to the state to make the radiance values agree • Biases in the difference lead directly to biases in the retrieval • Two factors are required to know the bias – (1) The out of field response – (2) The out of field radiation sources • (1) is measured before launch, but (2) is generally unknown • All retrieval systems use some sort of empirical adjustment L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  3. Possible Error Sources • In general – A fraction of the radiation is removed – Some Radiation is added • Added radiation can be emitted from – The earth, but outside the main lobe – Space – The spacecraft • Emitted from the spacecraft • Reflected from the spacecraft • Electronics • Any solution should be general enough to include these L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  4. Procedures for Bias Adjustment • (1) Screen for cloud effects (local consistency with 4.0 for land and 3.75 for sea) • (2) Equalize the sample sizes – Find the spot with the smallest sample – For each profile, find the closest matching profile in all the other spots (use the minimum value of the maximum difference) • Calculate radiances • Subtract to get the measured – calculated difference • Predict the difference from – The radiance values – The spot number - doesn’t do anything now – The sine and cosine of the latitude (proxy for orbital position) L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  5. Prediction Models Tried • Constant value only • Constant plus channel itself as a single predictor • Constant plus all predictors • The first two were close in accuracy • The last was significantly more accurate L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  6. RMS summary for channels 5 - 14 • The following slides show the RMS summaries for channels 5 – 14 • The full regression is more accurate L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  7. Color Order --- channel 1 blue --- channel 2 green --- channel 3 red --- channel 4 cyan - not red --- channel 5 magenta - not green --- channel 6 yellow - not blue --- channel 7 gold --- channel 8 aqua --- channel 9 violet --- channel 10 olive green L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  8. RMS (k) for Land - 18 Predictors (Channels 5 – 14) L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  9. RMS (K) Land – Mean + Channel (channels 5 – 14) L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  10. RMS (K) Land – Mean Subtracted (channels 5 – 14) L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  11. RMS (K) for Sea – 18 Predictors (Channels 5 – 14) L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  12. RMS (K) Sea – Mean + Channel (channels 5 - 13) L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  13. RMS (K) Sea – Mean only + Channel (Channels 5 – 14) L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  14. RMS (K) Sea – Mean Only (Channels 5 – 14) L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  15. • The following slides show the RMS values by channel • 1 slide per channel • The colors show sample days – March cases are unique for the higher peaking channels • 1st 15 are land • 2 nd 15 are sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  16. Days in the sample • 1 - 01/02/2003 blue • 2 - 05/27/2003 green • 3 - 10/18/2003 red • 4 - 12/05/2003 cyan • 5 - 01/22/2004 magenta • 6 - 03/10/2004 yellow • 7 - 08/01/2004 gold • 8 - 09/18/2004 aqua L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  17. RMS (K) Channel 1 Land L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  18. RMS (K) Channel 2 Land L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  19. RMS (K) Channel 3 Land L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  20. RMS (K) Channel 4 Land L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  21. RMS (K) Channel 5 Land L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  22. RMS (K) Channel 6 Land L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  23. RMS (K) Channel 7 Land L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  24. RMS (K) Channel 8 Land L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  25. RMS (K) Channel 9 Land L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  26. RMS (K) Channel 10 Land L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  27. RMS (K) Channel 11 Land L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  28. RMS (K) Channel 12 Land L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  29. RMS (K) Channel 13 Land L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  30. RMS (K) Channel 14 Land L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  31. RMS (K) Channel 15 Land L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  32. RMS (K) Channel 1 Sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  33. RMS (K) Channel 2 Sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  34. RMS (K) Channel 3 Sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  35. RMS (K) Channel 4 Sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  36. RMS (K) Channel 5 Sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  37. RMS (K) Channel 6 Sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  38. RMS (K) Channel 7 Sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  39. RMS (K) Channel 8 Sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  40. RMS (K) Channel 9 Sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  41. RMS (K) Channel 10 Sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  42. RMS (K) Channel 11 Sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  43. RMS (K) Channel 12 Sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  44. RMS (K) Channel 13 Sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  45. RMS (K) Channel 14 Sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  46. RMS (K) Channel 15 Sea L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  47. • The next slide show the mean bias as a function of spot • The days are shown in color • One slide per channel • Land cases are shown first then sea • Note the spot to spot consistency near channel 8 – This is probably some sort of interference • Spot 30 values are much larger than spot 1 values for upper peaking channels L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  48. Unadjusted bias (K) land - channel 1 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  49. Unadjusted bias (K) land - channel 2 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  50. Unadjusted bias (K) land - channel 3 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  51. Unadjusted bias (K) land - channel 4 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  52. Unadjusted bias (K) land - channel 5 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  53. Unadjusted bias (K) land - channel 6 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  54. Unadjusted bias (K) land - channel 7 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  55. Unadjusted bias (K) land - channel 8 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  56. Unadjusted bias (K) land - channel 9 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  57. Unadjusted bias (K) land - channel 10 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  58. Unadjusted bias (K) land - channel 11 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  59. Unadjusted bias (K) land - channel 12 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  60. Unadjusted bias (K) land - channel 13 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  61. Unadjusted bias (K) land - channel 14 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  62. Unadjusted bias (K) land - channel 15 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  63. Unadjusted bias (K) sea - channel 1 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  64. Unadjusted bias (K) sea - channel 2 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  65. Unadjusted bias (K) sea - channel 3 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  66. Unadjusted bias (K) sea - channel 4 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  67. Unadjusted bias (K) sea - channel 5 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  68. Unadjusted bias (K) sea - channel 6 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  69. Unadjusted bias (K) sea - channel 7 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  70. Unadjusted bias (K) sea - channel 8 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  71. Unadjusted bias (K) sea - channel 9 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  72. Unadjusted bias (K) sea - channel 10 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  73. Unadjusted bias (K) sea - channel 11 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  74. Unadjusted bias (K) sea - channel 12 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  75. Unadjusted bias (K) sea - channel 13 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  76. Unadjusted bias (K) sea - channel 14 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  77. Unadjusted bias (K) sea - channel 15 L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  78. Conclusions • Empirical adjustments are required for AMSU – Efforts to characterize sources are needed but may not be enough • There are spot to spot biases for some channels – These are small – But large compared to the variability over the samples • Using a multiple channel prediction provides a significant gain in accuracy • Adjustments are consistent over months • The residuals for many sounding channels are within the error limits required for retrievals • Surface channels are hard to determine because knowledge of the surface effects limits accuracy L.M. McMillin NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

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