[PPT] - Aligning Law and Action a conceptual and computational inquiry P PowerPoint Presentation

SLIDE 1

Aligning Law and Action

a conceptual and computational inquiry G i

v

a n n i S i l e n

L

e i b n i z C e n t e r f

r

L a w – F a c u l t y

f

L a w U n i v e r s i t y

f

A m s t e r d a m P h . D . T h e s i s D e f e n s e – 8 D e c e m b e r 2 1 6

SLIDE 2

Problem context

F

a s t p a c e

f

i n n

v

a t i

n

– T e c h n

l
g

i c a l – S

c

i a l

I

n t e g r a t i

n

– E c

n
m

i c – I n s t i t u t i

n

a l

SLIDE 3

Problem context, consequences

I n p r a c t i c e , t h e s a m e e x p e c t a t i

n

s w e h a v e t

w

a r d s a n A T M . . a n e n g i n e e r i n g p r

b

l e m ? → I n c r e a s e d e x p e c t a t i

n

s t

w

a r d s a d m i n i s t r a t i v e

r

g a n i z a t i

n

s :

e

ffj c i e n c y , i n t e r m s

f

r e s

u

r c e s s p e n t ,

e

ffj c a c y , i n t e r m s

f

i m p a c t ,

a

g i l i t y , i n t e r m s

f

: – r a p i d i t y

f

r e s p

n

s e ( r e s p

n

s i v e n e s s )

SLIDE 4

Problem context, consequences

→ I n c r e a s e d e x p e c t a t i

n

s t

w

a r d s a d m i n i s t r a t i v e

r

g a n i z a t i

n

s :

e

ffj c i e n c y , i n t e r m s

f

r e s

u

r c e s s p e n t ,

e

ffj c a c y , i n t e r m s

f

i m p a c t ,

a

g i l i t y , i n t e r m s

f

: – r a p i d i t y

f

r e s p

n

s e t

f

a i l u r e s ( r e s p

n

s i v e n e s s ) – e a s i n e s s

f

a d a p t a t i

n

( a d a p t a b i l i t y )

SLIDE 5

Initial research question

H
w

t

e

s t a b l i s h a c

n

s t r u c t i v e c

m

p u t a t i

n

a l l e g a l t h e

r

y w h i c h s u p p

r

t s a d m i n i s t r a t i v e

r

g a n i z a t i

n

s i n a c h i e v i n g b e t t e r r e s p

n

s i v e n e s s a n d a d a p t a b i l i t y ?

SLIDE 6 s

u

r c e s

f

l a w s

c

i a l s y s t e m s e r v i c e s Wh a t t h e l a w s t a t e s . . H

w

p e

p

l e b e h a v e . . H

w

p u b l i c a d m i n i s t r a t i

n

s i m p l e m e n t s t h e l a w . .

a r e t h r e e m a t t e r s

n

l y l

s

e l y c

u

p l e d

Three frictioning “realities”

SLIDE 7

Three representational domains

s

u

r c e s

f

l a w s

c

i a l s y s t e m s e r v i c e s s t

r

i e s , e x p e r i e n c e s l e g a l n

r

m s b u s i n e s s p r

c

e s s m

d

e l s l e g a l c a s e s

SLIDE 8

Three representational domains

s

u

r c e s

f

l a w s

c

i a l s y s t e m s e r v i c e s s t

r

i e s , e x p e r i e n c e s b u s i n e s s p r

c

e s s m

d

e l s

f r i c t i

n

s i d e n t i fj e d b y a l i g n m e n t c h e c k i n g

l e g a l c a s e s l e g a l n

r

m s

SLIDE 9

Common representational ground?

s

u

r c e s

f

l a w s

c

i a l s y s t e m s e r v i c e s s t

r

i e s , e x p e r i e n c e s b u s i n e s s p r

c

e s s m

d

e l s

?

l e g a l c a s e s l e g a l n

r

m s

SLIDE 10 s

u

r c e s

f

l a w s

c

i a l s y s t e m s e r v i c e s s t

r

i e s , e x p e r i e n c e s b u s i n e s s p r

c

e s s m

d

e l s i n t e n t i

n

a l c h a r a c t e r i z a t i

n

s

f

s i t u a t e d a c t i

n

s s p e c i fj c a t i

n

s

f

a c t i

n

s l e g a l n

r

m s i n s t i t u t i

n

a l c h a r a c t e r i z a t i

n

s

f

a b s t r a c t

r

s i t u a t e d a c t i

n

s c

m

m

n

g r

u

n d :

a c t i

n

s . . r

l

e s !

l e g a l c a s e s

SLIDE 11 s

u

r c e s

f

l a w s

c

i a l s y s t e m s e r v i c e s s t

r

i e s , e x p e r i e n c e s b u s i n e s s p r

c

e s s m

d

e l s l e g a l c a s e s l e g a l n

r

m s a g e n t

r
l

e m

d

e l s

n a r r a t i v e r

l

e s i n s t i t u t i

n

a l r

l

e s

p

e r a t i

n

a l r

l

e s f u n c t i

n

a l r

l

e s s

c

i a l r

l

e s

SLIDE 12 s

u

r c e s

f

l a w s e r v i c e s s

c

i a l s y s t e m s t

r

i e s , e x p e r i e n c e s b u s i n e s s p r

c

e s s m

d

e l s l e g a l c a s e s l e g a l n

r

m s a g e n t

r
l

e m

d

e l s

n a r r a t i v e r

l

e s i n s t i t u t i

n

a l r

l

e s

p

e r a t i

n

a l r

l

e s f u n c t i

n

a l r

l

e s s

c

i a l r

l

e s

agent-role:

a b s t r a c t i

n
f

i n d i v i d u a l s c

r

d i n a t i

n
f

r

l

e s a g e n t

r
l

e m

d

e l s

SLIDE 13

What's in an agent-role model?

SLIDE 14

Normative positions

SLIDE 15

Institutional positions

I

n a f

r

m a l i n s t i t u t i

n

, e a c h a c t

r

i s b

u

n d t

t

h e r a c t

r

s a c c

r

d i n g t

c

e r t a i n l e g a l r e l a t i

n

s h i p s , a s s

c

i a t e d t

l

e g a l p

s

i t i

n

s .

H
h

f e l d [ 1 9 1 7 ] i n t r

d

u c e d a v i s u a l

r

g a n i z a t i

n
f

f u n d a m e n t a l l e g a l p

s

i t i

n

s e n c

u

n t e r e d i n a d j u d i c a t i

n

s .

SLIDE 16

First Hohfeldian square

C L A I M R I G H T D U T Y c

r

r e l a t i v e

p

p

s

i t e

p

p

s

i t e N O

C

L A I M N O

R

I G H T P R I V I L E G E L I B E R T Y N O

D

U T Y b e n e fj c i a r y p e r s p e c t i v e a d d r e s s e e p e r s p e c t i v e W. N . H

h

f e l d . F u n d a m e n t a l l e g a l c

n

c e p t i

n

s a s a p p l i e d i n j u d i c i a l r e a s

n

i n g . T h e Y a l e L a w J

u

r n a l , 1 9 1 7 .

SLIDE 17

Second Hohfeldian square

P O WE R A B I L I T Y L I A B I L I T Y S U B J E C T I O N c

r

r e l a t i v e

p

p

s

i t e

p

p

s

i t e D I S A B I L I T Y I MMU N I T Y p e r f

r

m e r p e r s p e c t i v e r e c i p i e n t p e r s p e c t i v e L i n d h a l ' s f

r

m a l a n a l y s i s ( 1 9 7 7 ) s h

w

e d t h a t l i b e r t y a n d i m m u n i t y r e l a t i

n

s h i p s a r e a s y m m e t r i c a l i n t h e f r a m e w

r

k

SLIDE 18

Similar asymmetries

T h e s e a s y m m e t r i e s c a n b e e x p l a i n e d b y r e f e r r i n g t

t

h e s t a n d a r d a x i

m

s

f

d e

n

t i c l

g

i c , h e r e r e p r e s e n t e d

n

a p

r

t i

n
f

t h e A r i s t

t

e l i a n s q u a r e . i m p l i e s negates

SLIDE 19

A E I O

A L L S O ME N O N E S O ME N O T ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? c

n

t r a r y i m p l i e s i m p l i e s

The (existential) Aristotelian Square

SLIDE 20

SLIDE 21

A E I O

A L L N O N E S O ME N O T S O ME

Y U

A L L

r

N O N E S O ME a n d S O ME N O T “ ≡ S O ME ”

SLIDE 22

A E I O

A L L N O N E S O ME N O T S O ME

Y U

A L L

r

N O N E S O ME a n d S O ME N O T “ ≡ S O ME ”

SLIDE 23

A E Y

f

r

b A

+

b

l A “ p e r m ” A = f a c u l t y A

Deontic triangle of contrariety

p

s

i t i v e p

l

a r i t y n e g a t i v e p

l

a r i t y n

p
l

a r i t y

SLIDE 24 D U T Y C L A I M N O

C

L A I M L I B E R T Y b e n e fj c i a r y p e r s p e c t i v e a d d r e s s e e p e r s p e c t i v e

SLIDE 25 N O

C

L A I M L I B E R T Y D U T Y C L A I M b e n e fj c i a r y p e r s p e c t i v e a d d r e s s e e p e r s p e c t i v e

SLIDE 26 D U T Y C L A I M N O

C

L A I M L I B E R T Y b e n e fj c i a r y p e r s p e c t i v e a d d r e s s e e p e r s p e c t i v e

SLIDE 27

A E Y

f

r

b “ p e r m ” = f a c u l t y D U T Y C L A I M N O

C

L A I M L I B E R T Y b e n e fj c i a r y p e r s p e c t i v e a d d r e s s e e p e r s p e c t i v e

+

b

l

SLIDE 28

A E Y

f

r

b

b

l “ p e r m ” = f a c u l t y D U T Y C L A I M N O

C

L A I M L I B E R T Y b e n e fj c i a r y p e r s p e c t i v e a d d r e s s e e p e r s p e c t i v e

+

r

i g h t t

p

r

t

e c t i

n

a g a i n s t r i g h t t

p

e r f

r

m a n c e

First Hohfeldian Prism

SLIDE 29 L I A B I L I T Y P O WE R D I S A B I L I T Y I MMU N I T Y p e r f

r

m e r p e r s p e c t i v e r e c i p i e n t p e r s p e c t i v e

SLIDE 30 P O WE R D I S A B I L I T Y p e r f

r

m e r p e r s p e c t i v e L I A B I L I T Y I MMU N I T Y r e c i p i e n t p e r s p e c t i v e

SLIDE 31 D I S A B I L I T Y p e r f

r

m e r p e r s p e c t i v e I MMU N I T Y r e c i p i e n t p e r s p e c t i v e L I A B I L I T Y P O WE R

SLIDE 32

E Y

“ p e r m ” , f a c u l t y t

f
l

l

w

a l

n

g

+

L

I A B I L I T Y P O WE R D I S A B I L I T Y I MMU N I T Y f

r

b t

f
l

l

w

a l

n

g

b

l t

f
l

l

w

a l

n

g p e r f

r

m e r p e r s p e c t i v e r e c i p i e n t p e r s p e c t i v e

+

A

Second Hohfeldian Prism

( p

s

i t i v e ) p

w

e r n e g a t i v e p

w

e r ?

SLIDE 33 T h e D u t c h D e c l a r a t i

n
f

I n d e p e n d e n c e A c t

f

A b j u r a t i

n

( 1 5 8 1 )

Negative liability – confirmation

“Know all men by these presents [..] we have unanimously and deliberately declared [..] that the King of Spain has forfeited, ipso jure, all hereditary right to the sovereignty of those countries, and are determined from henceforward not to acknowledge his sovereignty or jurisdiction [..], nor suffer others to do it.”

SLIDE 34

Agentive positions

SLIDE 35

From institutional to agentive

i

n t u i t i

n

: c

r

r e l a t i v e n e s s

f

l e g a l r e l a t i

n

s h i p s h

l

d i n g b e t w e e n t w

p

a r t i e s c a n b e p u t i n r e l a t i

n

w i t h t h e c

r

r e l a t i v e n e s s

f

t h e a g e n t w i t h h i s

w

n e n v i r

n

m e n t i n v e s t i g a t i n g a k i n d

f

“ c

n

t r a c t f

r

l i v i n g ”

SLIDE 36

Why is this important?

I

t p r

v

i d e s a r i c h e r e x p r e s s i v i t y t h a n u s u a l i n t e n t i

n

a l m

d

e l s .

I

t s h

w

s i s a d e e p c

n

n e c t i

n

b e t w e e n p r a c t i c a l r e a s

n

i n g a n d n

r

m a t i v e r e a s

n

i n g c a t e g

r

i e s : L a w i s e m b e d d e d w i t h a t h e

r

y

f

m i n d .

SLIDE 37

Cognitive grounding

→ M a p p i n g

f

g e n e r a l r e a s

n

i n g q u e s t i

n

s :

F

r

m

c

m

m i t m e n t t

a

c t i

n

– Wh a t i s t

b

e d

n

e ?

F

r

m

c

m

m i t m e n t t

m
n

i t

r

i n g – Wh a t i s t

b

e p a i d a t t e n t i

n

t

?

SLIDE 38

“It is obligatory to finish the thesis in four years.” “It is forbidden that four years are spent without finishing the thesis.”

A r e t h e y t h e s a m e ?

SLIDE 39

“It is obligatory to finish the thesis in four years.”

~ o b l ( t h e s i s ¬ 4 y p a s s e d ) ∨

“It is forbidden that four years are spent without finishing the thesis.”

~ f

r

b ( ¬ t h e s i s 4 y p a s s e d ) ∧

b

l ( A ) f

r

b ( ¬ A ) ↔ D e

n

t i c l

g

i c w

u

l d s a y y e s .

SLIDE 40

“It is obligatory to finish the thesis in four years.” “It is forbidden that four years are spent without finishing the thesis.”

B u t i n p r i n c i p l e t h e y a c t i v a t e d i fg e r e n t p a t t e r n s ( A C Q U I R E v s P R E V E N T ) → d i fg e r e n t s u s c e p t i b i l i t i e s !

SLIDE 41

Returning on agility

SLIDE 42 s e r v i c e s a g e n t

r
l

e m

d

e l s s

u

r c e s

f

l a w s

c

i a l s y s t e m s t

r

i e s , e x p e r i e n c e s b u s i n e s s p r

c

e s s m

d

e l s l e g a l c a s e s

p u n c t u a l

c a s e s

f

n

n
c
m

p l i a n c e w r

n

g s e r v i c e e x e c u t i

n

a d a p t i v e

n

r

m a t i v e c h a n g e s

c

i a l c h a n g e

L

k

i n g f

r

f r i c t i

n

s . . .

l e g a l n

r

m s

SLIDE 43 S e r v i c e m

d

e l

Checking alignment between models

N

r

m a t i v e m

d

e l a r e t h e y “ c

m

p a t i b l e ” ? ( a f t e r e x e c u t i

n

: y e s ! )

SLIDE 44 S e r v i c e m

d

e l

Checking alignment between models

a r e t h e y “ c

m

p a t i b l e ” ? N

r

m a t i v e m

d

e l ( a f t e r e x e c u t i

n

: y e s ! ) → a l t e r n a t i v e i n t e r p r e t a t i

n

s c a n b e a c c

u

n t e d N O T E :

n

r

m a t i v e m

d

e l i s s u e d a f t e r i n t e r p r e t a t i

n

D e c i d i n g t h e fj n a l i n t e r p r e t a t i

n

i s a m a t t e r

f

j u s t i fj c a t i

n

, a n d t h e n a r g u m e n t a t i

n

. . .

SLIDE 45 S e r v i c e m

d

e l

Checking alignment between models

a r e t h e y “ c

m

p a t i b l e ” ? N

r

m a t i v e m

d

e l ( a f t e r e x e c u t i

n

: y e s ! ) → a l t e r n a t i v e i n t e r p r e t a t i

n

s c a n b e a c c

u

n t e d N O T E :

n

r

m a t i v e m

d

e l i s s u e d a f t e r i n t e r p r e t a t i

n

D e c i d i n g t h e fj n a l i n t e r p r e t a t i

n

i s a m a t t e r

f

j u s t i fj c a t i

n

, a n d t h e n a r g u m e n t a t i

n

. . .

…

SLIDE 46

Conclusion

SLIDE 47

Outlining the kernel of agency

T

h e c

r

e p r

b

l e m –

f

n

r

m a t i v e , e p i s t e m i c a n d

n

t

l
g

i c a l f r i c t i

n

s – i s m

r

e g e n e r a l t h a n t h e l e g a l d

m

a i n , a n d i t i s r e l a t e d t

t

h e d i fg e r e n t m

d

a l i t i e s w e a t t r i b u t e t

r

e a l i t y . c

l

l e c t i v e i n d i v i d u a l p h y s i c a l

SLIDE 48

I

m p

r

t a n c e

f

a c k n

w

l e d g i n g t h e d e e p i n t e r a c t i

n
f

n

r

m a t i v e c

n

c e p t s w i t h p r a c t i c a l r e a s

n

i n g

,

N

e c e s s i t y

f

m a p p i n g c

n

s t r u c t i v i s t a n d p l u r a l i s t i c a p p r

a

c h e s i n t e c h n

l
g

i c a l t e r m s – i n c r e m e n t a l a c q u i s i t i

n
f

r e l e v a n t c a s e s – m a i n t e n a n c e

f

a l t e r n a t i v e i n t e r p r e t a t i

n

s

Key points

SLIDE 49

requires guidance ≠ control more knowledge less data