Alex Clarke, Kevin Schrantz, Joey Macsalka EnerSys Proprietary 1 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Benefits of Quallion’s Zero-Volt ™ Technology Quallion Medical Batteries Powering Life 1st Medical Battery Conference, D ű sseldorf, Nov 2017 Alex Clarke, Kevin Schrantz, Joey Macsalka EnerSys Proprietary 1

Overview 200mAh 3mAh 165mAh • EnerSys Lithium group overview • Over-discharge to 0V effects and benefits of Zero- Volt™ Implantable Battery may • Quallion Zero- Volt™ implantable cells experience long periods of unattended storage at • 0V data comparison; Li-ion and Zero- Volt™ body temperature. • Summary EnerSys Proprietary 2

EnerSys Overview • Global leader in energy storage for industrial applications • Over 10,000 customers in over 100 countries • ~10,000 employees • ~$2.4 billion • Over 125 years experience • Embracing transition and significant support for Li-ion EnerSys Proprietary 3

EnerSys Lithium • EnerSys Lithium is incorporated in an advanced technology group of EnerSys • The group has a revenue of >$125m • Group includes ABSL Space Products (formerly AEA Technology) EnerSys Proprietary 4

ABSL/AEA Technology • ABSL with their key patents for Lithium-ion developments helped enable the commercialisation of the technology • ABSL licenced this technology to Sony allowing them to pioneer mass production during the 90s Original cathode patents EnerSys Proprietary 5

EnerSys- ABSL’s Achievements 80s Original key Li-ion cathode patent 90s Li-ion space evaluation 2001 World’s 1st Li-on spacecraft battery launched 2002 LEO PROBA mission extended for first time 2003 World’s 1st Li-ion spacecraft battery reaches Mars 2004 World’s 1st Li-ion spacecraft battery in deep space 2005 World’s 1st Li-ion MEO navigation spacecraft battery 2006 World’s 1st 270V Li-ion battery is space qualified 2007 World’s highest energy density primary battery in orbit 2011 World’s first Li -ion for manned space activity EnerSys Proprietary 6

Battery Basics – Cycle Life http://www.mpoweruk.com/performance.htm • Typically, 1 st discharge capacity is used as baseline • In general, discharge capacity decreases as cycle number increases EnerSys Proprietary 7

Battery Basics – Chemistry and Rate Cell Chemistry Discharge Rate (Current) Increasing current • Voltage and capacity decrease as current increases • Most Li-ion cells operate from 2.5V to 4.2V • Operation below 2.5V can lead to performance degradation and safety risks EnerSys Proprietary 8 http://www.mpoweruk.com/performance.htm

Discharge <2.5V - Conventional Li-Ion 1 2 3 Al foil (+) positive coating separator electrolyte (-) anode coating Cu foil • Longer dwell times at 0V and repetitive discharge to 0V create issues • Capacity loss and possible internal shorting can occur resulting in significant performance reduction and failure EnerSys Proprietary 9

Discharge <2.5V - Conventional Li-Ion 4 shorting Cu dendrite Copper dendrites penetrating the separator causing internal shorting EnerSys Proprietary 10

Discharge to 0V in Zero-Volt ™ Cell Al foil 1 2 Zero- Volt™ technology enables the battery to be: (+) positive coating • Repeatedly discharged to separator same 0V electrolyte • Stored at 0V (-) Anode coating With NO loss of performance Ti foil 3 4 The benefits include: • Excellent system storage same even with current drain • Reduced burden on patient to remember to charge • Simple system reactivation after non-use EnerSys Proprietary 11

Zero- Volt™ Vs Conventional Cell Al foil 1 4 Zero- Volt™ Cell (+) positive coating separator electrolyte (-) Anode coating Ti foil Al foil Conventional Cell 1 4 shorting (+) positive coating separator electrolyte Cu dendrite (-) anode coating Cu foil EnerSys Proprietary 12

Quallion Implantable Cells QL0200I QL0020B QL003B Product QL0200I QL0020B QL0003B Voltage 0V to 4.1V 0V to 4.1V 0V to 4.1V Capacity 200mAh 20mAh 3mAh Diameter - - 2.9mm Width 17mm 19.3mm - Height 35mm 4.5mm 11.8mm Thickness 5.5mm 1.2mm - Weight 7.5g 1.2g .2g EnerSys Proprietary 13

Quallion Implantable Cells (Continued) (-) Mo (+) Pt/Ir (+) Ti 6-4 (+) Pt/Ir (-) Mo Product QL0200I QL0020B QL0003B Case Ti 6-4 Ti 6-4 Ti 6-4 Material Case (+) Neutral (-) Polarity EnerSys Proprietary 14

3mAh Microbattery Application Loeb et al. Minimally invasive implantable fetal micropacemaker: mechanical testing and technical refinements Med Biol Eng Comput 1-12. 2016. In this application, the Quallion QL003B microbattery powers an implantable fetal pacemaker EnerSys Proprietary 15

Quallion Zero- Volt™ Test Data Zero-Volt TM technology assessment 1) Effect of Temperature 2) Effect of discharge to 0V at each cycle 3) Effect of long-term storage at 0V EnerSys Proprietary 16

Discharge Curves After 3 Days 0-Volt Storage at RT and 40 ºC: 40 ºC storage Room temperature storage Before Before After After Conventional Li ion Cell: SONY 18650 Conventional Li ion Cell: SONY 18650 40 ºC storage Room temperature storage Before/After Before/After Quallion Zero-Volt TM 18650 Quallion Zero-Volt TM 18650 Quallion Zero- Volt™ cells do not degrade at RT and 40 ° C, stored at 0V EnerSys Proprietary 17

Repeated Discharge to 0V Conventional Li-ion degrades rapidly after 12 discharges to 0V Zero-Volt TM cell still retains ~100% of original discharge capacity at 40 cycles EnerSys Proprietary 18

Extended Storage at 0V • Patient non-compliance (Battery is at 0% SOC) • Patient forgets to charge the device for an extended period of time, and the Capacity Discharge to Store at 0V, 37 ° C battery has no charge check 0V 3 months • No adverse effects after a 6 months 12 months complete discharge (0V) for 18 months Capacity 2 years 24 months check 50 Ω resistor Full recovery : Original capacity is recovered even after battery was at 0V for 2 years @ 37 ° C EnerSys Proprietary 19

Discharge Curve Comparison After 24 Months Storage at 0V • Capacity check was performed before and after 24 months storage at 0V • Discharge profile after 24 months storage at 0V is identical to original Zero-Volt TM cell shows original and final discharge is the same • EnerSys Proprietary 20

Summary • Quallion Zero-Volt TM technology does not degrade at 0V, unlike conventional Li-ion cells • Zero-Volt TM demonstrates robust performance during: 0V storage at various temperatures • Cycling and repetitive deep discharge to 0V • Extended storage at 0V • Benefits: • Battery can be installed to device with no risk to current drain from • device causing damage while in storage and prior to use Robust technology able to withstand multiple abuse conditions where • patient forgets to recharge but continues to use Patient able to restart use of product after many years of inactivity • with no negative affect to battery performance EnerSys Proprietary 21

Contact Information: Contact Information: Joey Macsalka Alex Clarke Sales Engineer Business Development Manager joseph.macsalka@enersys.com alex.clarke@absl.enersys.com Mobile: +1 303 817 5454 Mobile: +44 7968 095 641 Office: +1 818 833 4425 Office: +44 1865 408 747 Quallion Facility: ABSL Facility: 12744 San Fernando Rd Culham Science Centre Sylmar, CA 91342 Oxfordshire, OX14 3ED EnerSys Proprietary 22