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Alberta, Electricity and Renewable Energy
a simple version
Outline of Tonight’s Talk
Part 1: Deregulated electricity system in Alberta Part 2: Understanding your bill Part 3: How renewable energy fits into this
Alberta, Electricity and Renewable Energy a simple version Warren - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Alberta, Electricity and Renewable Energy a simple version Warren - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Alberta, Electricity and Renewable Energy a simple version Warren Sarauer - Past Chair of SESA Board Outline of Tonights Talk Part 1: Deregulated electricity system in Alberta Part 2: Understanding your bill Part 3: How renewable energy
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Deregulated Electricity
in Alberta
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Cheapest form of energy?
Efficiency
= free to 25% of purchased electricity
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AIES
Alberta Integrated Electricity System
Some of the players
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AESO
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Generation Types
Baseload Generation designed to run all the time - 24/7 generally are thermal plants - coal, nuclear, hydro Intermediate Generation designed to step into the market to meet higher daytime loads NG cycle generators, wind, solar PV Peak Generation brief periods when load demand is highest ( afternoon - early evening ) NG turbines
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AESO’s long term plan 2013 - installed “capacity”
- no climate change policy input to report
- renewables are 14.3% of US electrical generation in 2014
- solar PV doubled in 2014
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Major Transmission Lines
5 AESO regions in Alberta Edmonton (Central) is the
- nly net exporter of electricity
4,950 MW coal-fired generation vs 2140 MW consumption (winter peak 2011) 230% of your power comes from coal
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The Generator
In the Edmonton region more than twice of our consumed power is from coal-fired “base load” generation. 13 coal plants are located in the Wabamun area. Capital Power and TransAlta own them. Gas-fired plants are planned in that area as well as a coal mine
- expansion. ATCO has gas in Ft. Sask
area. Some co-generation is being done locally as well. And more is coming
- n stream
220 micro-generators in Edmonton, 1000 in province
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In the news
Maybe the only time anyone cares enough to pay attention July 31, 2014
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Legend Last Update : Jul 31, 2014 20:24 DCR - Dispatched (and Accepted) Contingency Reserve TNG - Total Net Generation All values listed are in MW MC - Maximum Capability * Indicates that the value reported in the MC column actually represents the assets MCR or net to grid value Rest pointer on to display Unit ID
SUMMARY
Alberta Total Net Generation 8978 Interchange -583 Alberta Internal Load (AIL) 9561 Alberta Load Responsibility 8047 Contingency Reserve Required 561 Dispatched Contingency Reserve (DCR) 592 Dispatched Contingency Reserve
- Gen
497 Dispatched Contingency Reserve
- Other
95 LSSi Armed Dispatch 74 LSSi Offered Volume 137
GENERATION
GROUP MC TNG DCR
COAL 6271 4777 50 GAS 6845 3678 225 HYDRO 894 248 222 OTHER 423 253 WIND 1434 22 TOTAL 15867 8978 497
INTERCHANGE
PATH ACTUAL FLOW
British Columbia
- 409
Montana
- 174
Saskatchewan TOTAL
- 583
COAL
UNIT MC TNG DCR
Battle River #3 (BR3) 149 136 Battle River #4 (BR4) 155 148 Battle River #5 (BR5) 385 363 Genesee #1 (GN1) 400 391 Genesee #2 (GN2) 400 386 Genesee #3 (GN3) 466 450 H.R. Milner (HRM) 144 88 Keephills #1 (KH1) 395 310 Keephills #2 (KH2) 395 310 Keephills #3 (KH3) 463 324 Sheerness #1 (SH1) 390 256 25 Sheerness #2 (SH2) 390 204 25 Sundance #1 (SD1) 288 199 Sundance #2 (SD2) 288 151 Sundance #3 (SD3) 362 199 Sundance #4 (SD4) 406 202 Sundance #5 (SD5) 406 347 Sundance #6 (SD6) 389 313
GAS
UNIT MC TNG DCR
AB Newsprint (ANC1) 63 ATCO Scotford Upgrader (APS1) 195 104 20 Air Liquide Scotford #1 (ALS1) 96 62 18 AltaGas Bantry (ALP1) 7 6 AltaGas Burdett (ME03) 7 7 AltaGas Coaldale (ME04) 6 6 AltaGas Harmattan (HMT1) 30 24 AltaGas Parkland (ALP2) 10 AltaGas Taber (ME02) 8 8 Bear Creek 1 (BCRK) 58 Bear Creek 2 (BCR2) 36 19 BuckLake (PW01) 5 5 CNRL Horizon (CNR5)* 103 102 Carseland Cogen (TC01) 95 72 Carson Creek (GEN5) 15 13 Cloverbar #1 (ENC1) 48 Cloverbar #2 (ENC2) 101 86 Cloverbar #3 (ENC3) 101 Crossfield Energy Centre #1 (CRS1) 48 40 Crossfield Energy Centre #2 (CRS2) 48 40 Crossfield Energy Centre #3 (CRS3) 48 41 Dow Hydrocarbon (DOWG) 326 210 25 Drywood (DRW1) 6 5 ENMAX Calgary Energy
HYDRO
UNIT MC TNG DCR
Bighorn Hydro (BIG) 120 60 Bow River Hydro (BOW1) 320 96 12 Brazeau Hydro (BRA) 350 44 210 CUPC Oldman River (OMRH) 32 26 Chin Chute (CHIN) 15 Dickson Dam (DKSN) 15 9 Irrican Hydro (ICP1) 7 Raymond Reservoir (RYMD) 21 Taylor Hydro (TAY1) 14 13
WIND
UNIT MC TNG DCR
Ardenville Wind (ARD1)* 68 Blackspring Ridge (BSR1)* 300 Blue Trail Wind (BTR1)* 66 Castle River #1 (CR1)* 39 3 Castle Rock Wind Farm (CRR1)* 77 3 Cowley Ridge (CRWD)* 38 1 Enmax Taber (TAB1)* 81 Ghost Pine (NEP1)* 82 12 Halkirk Wind Power Facility (HAL1)* 150 Kettles Hill (KHW1)* 63 McBride Lake Windfarm (AKE1)* 73 Oldman 2 Wind Farm 1 (OWF1)* 46 Soderglen Wind (GWW1)* 71
Grid
July 31,2014 Warning of shortages AESO data Exporting via interchange No wind
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Solar produces different amounts of electricity around the world Alberta is one of the best spots in the world For a 1kW system Frankfurt = 850 kWh Edmonton = 1250 kWh 50% more
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Power Pool
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Wholesale Power Pool
price is variable by the hour
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Hourly Pool Price
supply and demand affect price
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the Grid is designed for the peak
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AIES or just “the grid”
“the grid” is a network of wires and poles and some
- ther stuff that delivers the
electricity from the generator to your home there is no storage available for these large amounts of electricity balancing this supply and demand is a highly complex task
SLIDE 19
The Wire-line Owner
EPCOR (EDTI) owns and manages the local transmission and distribution “grid” This is a totally regulated portion of the “de-regulated”
- system. Planned by AESO
and approved by AUC. Paid for by ratepayer (you)
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Transmission Usage Ratios
AESO’s long term plan 2013
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Ratepayers “share” the costs
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Near Future: Why is my bill so much higher than a few years ago?
!
Delivery charges are about to DOUBLE over the next 5 years!
! ! !
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Carbon tax on “heavy” emitters (100,000 tonnes annually) $15 a tonne of carbon taxed on the top 12% of emission
graph is courtesy of Pembina Institute report
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Your electricity bill
How does this show up on my bill?
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the most market driven part of de-regulation Medicine Hat Retailer
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Details of your previous payments
Amount of your last bill $97.40
................................................................................................................................................................................Payment by bank withdrawal on May 25
- 97.40
Amount overdue from your last bill $0.00
Details of your new charges
ELECTRICITY
Site: 30110085377 - RESIDENTIAL RRO Billing period: Apr 19 to May 17, 2011 Meter Readings by EPCOR Dist. & Trans. Meter: 7830900018 Reading on May 17 (Actual) 995.00 Reading on Apr 18 (Adjusted) 897.35 Amount of electric energy you used 97.65 kWh
Electric Energy Charges
Provided by EPCOR Energy Alberta Inc. New charges based on 97.65 kWh May 1-May 17 58.63 kWh at 6.299¢ / kWh $3.69
..................................................................................................................................................................Apr 19-Apr 30 42.39 kWh at 11.763¢ / kWh 4.99
..................................................................................................................................................................Administration Charge 5.86
..................................................................................................................................................................Apr 1-Apr 18
- 86.45 kWh at 11.763¢ / kWh
10.17 CR
..................................................................................................................................................................Apr 1-Apr 18 83.08 kWh at 11.763¢ / kWh 9.77
..................................................................................................................................................................Mar 22-Mar 31
- 51.41 kWh at 7.093¢ / kWh
3.65 CR
..................................................................................................................................................................Mar 22-Mar 31 51.41 kWh at 7.093¢ / kWh 3.65
..................................................................................................................................................................MicroGen Apr 16-Apr 30 159.37kWh @11.763¢ 18.75 CR
..................................................................................................................................................................MicroGen May 01-May 17 180.63kWh @6.299¢ 11.38 CR
..................................................................................................................................................................Subtotal of Electric Energy Charges $15.99 CR Delivery Charges
Provided by EPCOR Dist. & Trans. 1-780-412-4500 Consumption: 97.65 kWh New Charges: Distribution Charge 14.49
..................................................................................................................................................................Transmission Charge 1.27
..................................................................................................................................................................2011 Transmission Deferral Rider K 0.14
..................................................................................................................................................................Balancing Pool Allocation Rider 0.21 CR
..................................................................................................................................................................2011 Transmission Deferral Rider K 0.28
..................................................................................................................................................................Local Access Fee 0.67
..................................................................................................................................................................Mar 22-Apr 18/11
- 137.86 kWh (Cancel)
17.03 CR
..................................................................................................................................................................Mar 22-Apr 18/11 134.49 kWh (Rebill) 16.94
..................................................................................................................................................................Subtotal of Delivery Charges $16.55
GST (reg. 898003504RT) at 5% on $0.56 0.03
Your total electricity charges $0.59 WATER
Provided by EPCOR Water Services Inc. Basic monthly service charge $6.16
................................................................................................................................................................................Meter reading on May 17 (actual) 2587.0
......................................................................................................................................................Meter reading on Apr 15 (actual)
- 2576.0
Amount of water you used, in cubic metres 11.0 Cost of water you used 11.00 m³ at 160.84¢ per m³ 17.69
........................................................................................................................................................................Your total water charges $23.85 DRAINAGE
Provided by Drainage Services Basic monthly service charge $6.48 Sewage charges, based on total water used of 11.0 m³ 11.00 m³ at 123.89¢ per m³ (Seasonal) 13.63
........................................................................................................................................................................(Your average monthly winter usage is 8.29 m³)
..........................................................................................................................................................................Land Drainage (area x development intensity x runoff coefficient x rate) 720.078 m² x 1.00 x 0.50 at 2.1426¢ per m² 7.71
........................................................................................................................................................................Your total drainage charges $27.82 WASTE SERVICES
Provided by Waste Management Branch
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EPCOR Regulated Rate Option
2011 Microgen Total payment to EPCOR high because of other utilities Too complex format
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EPCOR Distribution & Transmission Inc. Page 25 of 28 Effective: January 1, 2014
Table 1: EDTI’s ¡2014 Distribution Tariff Schedules (2014 INTERIM RATE)
Rate Class New Cell Reference Interim Rate Description Residential DAS-R1 $0.49587 per site per day Residential DAS-R2 $0.00723 /kWh of Energy at the Meter < 50kVA DAS-SC1 $0.27545 per site per day < 50kVA DAS-SC2 $0.01943 /kWh of Energy at the Meter 50 to 149 kVA DAS-MC1 $0.69012 per site per day 50 to 149 kVA DAS-MC2 $0.12714 per kVA per Day 50 to 149 kVA DAS-MC3 $0.00371 /kWh of Energy at the Meter 150 to 4999 kW DAS-TOU1 $25.60320 per site per day 150 to 4999 kW DAS-TOU2 $0.06513 per kW per Day 150 to 4999 kW DAS-TOU3 $0.00873 /kWh of On-Peak Energy at the Meter UP1
Distribution Charges
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Transmission Charges
EPCOR Distribution & Transmission Inc. Page 22 of 24 Effective: January 1, 2014
Table 3: EDTI’s 2014 System Access Service Rate Schedules (2013 INTERIM RATE)
Rate Class Cell Reference Value Description
Residential SAS-R1 $0.02135 / kWh of Energy Charge Commercial/ Industrial Service <50 kVA SAS-SC1 $0.02216 / kWh of Energy Charge Commercial/ Industrial Service 50 kVA to Less Than 150 kVA SAS-MC1 $0.10268 /kVA/day of Demand Charge Commercial/ Industrial Service 50 kVA to Less Than 150 kVA SAS-MC2 $0.00965 / kWh of Energy Charge 150 to 5000 kVA (Secondary) SAS-TOU1 $0.00222 / kWh of Energy Charge 150 to 5000 kVA (Secondary) SAS-TOU2 $0.15103 /kW/day of Demand Charge
SLIDE 30
Details of your previous payments
Amount of your last bill $97.40
................................................................................................................................................................................Payment by bank withdrawal on May 25
- 97.40
Amount overdue from your last bill $0.00
Details of your new charges
ELECTRICITY
Site: 30110085377 - RESIDENTIAL RRO Billing period: Apr 19 to May 17, 2011 Meter Readings by EPCOR Dist. & Trans. Meter: 7830900018 Reading on May 17 (Actual) 995.00 Reading on Apr 18 (Adjusted) 897.35 Amount of electric energy you used 97.65 kWh
Electric Energy Charges
Provided by EPCOR Energy Alberta Inc. New charges based on 97.65 kWh May 1-May 17 58.63 kWh at 6.299¢ / kWh $3.69
..................................................................................................................................................................Apr 19-Apr 30 42.39 kWh at 11.763¢ / kWh 4.99
..................................................................................................................................................................Administration Charge 5.86
..................................................................................................................................................................Apr 1-Apr 18
- 86.45 kWh at 11.763¢ / kWh
10.17 CR
..................................................................................................................................................................Apr 1-Apr 18 83.08 kWh at 11.763¢ / kWh 9.77
..................................................................................................................................................................Mar 22-Mar 31
- 51.41 kWh at 7.093¢ / kWh
3.65 CR
..................................................................................................................................................................Mar 22-Mar 31 51.41 kWh at 7.093¢ / kWh 3.65
..................................................................................................................................................................MicroGen Apr 16-Apr 30 159.37kWh @11.763¢ 18.75 CR
..................................................................................................................................................................MicroGen May 01-May 17 180.63kWh @6.299¢ 11.38 CR
..................................................................................................................................................................Subtotal of Electric Energy Charges $15.99 CR Delivery Charges
Provided by EPCOR Dist. & Trans. 1-780-412-4500 Consumption: 97.65 kWh New Charges: Distribution Charge 14.49
..................................................................................................................................................................Transmission Charge 1.27
..................................................................................................................................................................2011 Transmission Deferral Rider K 0.14
..................................................................................................................................................................Balancing Pool Allocation Rider 0.21 CR
..................................................................................................................................................................2011 Transmission Deferral Rider K 0.28
..................................................................................................................................................................Local Access Fee 0.67
..................................................................................................................................................................Mar 22-Apr 18/11
- 137.86 kWh (Cancel)
17.03 CR
..................................................................................................................................................................Mar 22-Apr 18/11 134.49 kWh (Rebill) 16.94
..................................................................................................................................................................Subtotal of Delivery Charges $16.55
GST (reg. 898003504RT) at 5% on $0.56 0.03
Your total electricity charges $0.59 WATER
Provided by EPCOR Water Services Inc. Basic monthly service charge $6.16
................................................................................................................................................................................Meter reading on May 17 (actual) 2587.0
......................................................................................................................................................Meter reading on Apr 15 (actual)
- 2576.0
Amount of water you used, in cubic metres 11.0 Cost of water you used 11.00 m³ at 160.84¢ per m³ 17.69
........................................................................................................................................................................Your total water charges $23.85 DRAINAGE
Provided by Drainage Services Basic monthly service charge $6.48 Sewage charges, based on total water used of 11.0 m³ 11.00 m³ at 123.89¢ per m³ (Seasonal) 13.63
........................................................................................................................................................................(Your average monthly winter usage is 8.29 m³)
..........................................................................................................................................................................Land Drainage (area x development intensity x runoff coefficient x rate) 720.078 m² x 1.00 x 0.50 at 2.1426¢ per m² 7.71
........................................................................................................................................................................Your total drainage charges $27.82 WASTE SERVICES
Provided by Waste Management Branch
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EPCOR Fixed Charges
Administration Fee
- 2014 = $5.91 / month
- = $71 per year
Daily Meter Fee
- 2014 = $0.49587 per
day
- = $181 per year
$181 + $71= $252 per year
SLIDE 31
From Meter Read To Meter Read Status Cancel Ind Mult Energy Used (kWh) Jul 19 30153 Jul 31 30233.1185 Calculated N 1 80.1185 Aug 01 30233.1185 Aug 19 30352 Actual N 1 118.8815
Previous Charges and Credits
General Message
Previous Balance
- $31.90
Balance Forward
- 31.90
Current Charges
Energy Charge ( Jul 19 - Jul 31: 80 KWH @ $0.0750 ) 6.01 Energy Charge ( Aug 01 - Aug 19: 119 KWH @ $0.0750 ) 8.92 Admin Charge 5.75 Balancing Pool Allocation
- 1.14
Delivery Charges - Epcor 17.83 Local Access Fee 1.44 MicroGen Credit ( Jul 19 - Aug 19: 892 KWH @ $0.0750 )
- 66.90
Interest on Security
- 0.83
Subtotal
- 28.92
GST (#896454626)
- 1.40
Total Current Charges
- 30.32
Total Amount Due
- $62.22
Your account shows a credit balance. No payment is required
Other retailer in EDTI region
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Renewable Energy (Solar PV power)
How does this fit into our deregulated system?
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Which house uses more electricity?
- square footage or age has no impact on consumption
- ne house uses 7 times as much electricity as the other one
SLIDE 34
Since January 2009 Ratepayer can sell excess electricity back to the grid, no access fee Utility must provide connection and special bi-directional meter if equipment is certified (CSA / UL) and inspected by electrical inspector. Generation has to be from renewable sources Size of generation is limited to annual site consumption, utility is NOT required to credit excess generation above this
Alberta Microgenerator Regulation
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Paperwork
Normally part of turnkey installation Single page micro- generation application from AUC to utility - submit with electricity bill part of 40 page explanation package Municipal permits Edmonton - Solar Combo Other jurisdictions have building permit (no development) & electrical permit requires structural engineer Single line diagram Site plan Shade analysis - for consumer
Size
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A good site helps - “Solar Ready”
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Parts of a grid-tied solar PV system
- no batteries required
- 1. PV modules
- 2. DC to AC inverter
- 3. Breaker panel
- 4. Bi-Directional meter
- 5. Internet monitoring
SLIDE 38
Ratio of value of electricity
- the closer to 100% of consumption the higher the value of the electricity
- 1. electricity NOT bought - offsetting retail energy and delivery charges
- 2. electricity bought
- 3. electricity sold
- 1. electricity NOT bought - would be used during the day when generating electricity at the same time
- 2. electricity bought - the extra needed during the day when using more than generating, cloudy days
- r at night
- 3. electricity sold - more would be generated during the day than used
Ratio depends on lifestyle
Could be: 50% / 25% / 25% - 75% / 10% / 15% - 100% / 0% / 0%
- etc. etc.
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Example of energy being bought and sold via the bi-directional meter in a 24 hour period. NetZero energy building. No intervention required by homeowner. Natural flow of electricity.
Smart energy meter
Energy NOT Bought
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The system you will buy today
Framed silicon wafer module made with 60 Polycrystalline cells around 250 watts per module Because it is the most common / best price (Ontario FIT) Ideal site: central string inverter Because of cost Shaded site: power optimizer or micro-inverter Because modules are independent and so produce more in a shady application “Safer” for first responders due to lower voltages because single module All types can be single phase / three phase configurations
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Types of solar modules
Silicon wafer (same as computer chips) laminated to tempered glass framed or frameless Polycrystalline or Monocrystalline wafer 60, 72, 96 cells per module concentrated or conventional Thin Cell PV layer sprayed on flexible backing Can be laminated to glass or not framed or frameless peel-off stick-on adhesive backing BIPV (Building Integrated Photo Voltaic) i.e. shingles or siding
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Inverters
Converts the DC power to AC power to make it compatible with household
- appliances. 240Vac like a clothes dryer.
3 main types: central string
- ne per system
power optimizers hybrid micro-inverters
- ne per module
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Central String
One inverter for whole system Can handle 2 different roof orientations Newer models are more shade tolerant and have dual MPPT for better system performance Mounted inside next to electrical panel or
- utside (weatherproof)
High DC voltage and currents possible - can be dangerous if not handled properly One manufacturer provides emergency power with grid outage during daylight, no batteries
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Power Optimizers
One central fixed voltage inverter just does DC to AC conversion. Power optimizer connected to each module Provides monitoring of individual module Combines benefits of central string and micro-inverter 3kW is smallest size Roof orientation is flexible Module level shutdown for safety
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Micro-inverter
Good for urban areas with shade issues Outside installation only Provides monitoring of individual module performance Roof orientation is flexible Can be more expensive for larger systems ( above 10 modules) Can do single module Limited to 250W modules Requires roof access to replace. Need to remove module first on a flush mount Module level shutdown for safety
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The Future: On-site Storage
- available in Germany now 2kWh Li-ion battery
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How to find installers
SESA website www.solaralberta.ca business directory CanSIA website www.cansia.ca national industry association Word of mouth References WCB, general commercial insurance, fall protection
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FYI Solar PV
Sun is very reliable source of energy Edmonton has one of the best solar resources in the world PV modules have high reliability, linear degradation 40% after 50 years. Installed prices are 40% of 3 or 4 years ago No moving parts Lifespan usually determined by roof material $10,000 to $25,000 installed cost for most homeowners Globally more solar installed in last 4 years than in previous 40 years
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The Value of Solar PV
Pollution free, no maintenance power Homeowner can be independent of electricity increases by fixing the cost with affordable PV Your price of electricity is price paid for system spread over the life of the system versus your money decreasing in value due to inflation and escalating energy costs beyond your control over the same period Buildings use 40% of our energy, PV is an affordable tool against climate change Greening the grid