Agenda Tuesday 0 Sentence transformations 0 Reminder: I am headed to - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Agenda Tuesday

0 Sentence transformations 0 Reminder: I am headed to TESOL and out of the office

Wednesday-Friday. Instead of meeting as a class on Thursday, you will need to complete the following items on Canvas before midnight Friday.

0 Finish the Chapter 5 lecture video 0 Complete two Moodle activities (linked through Canvas)

0 Are these sentences active or passive? 0 What is the sentence pattern?

0 Homework from this week (checked after break):

0 Workbook 5.1 and 5.2 (no diagrams), 5.5, 5.6 0 Read Chapter 6

So far this semester…

0 Word forms (open, closed, pronouns) 0 Sentence patterns 0 VER 0 Second half of the semester 0 Transformations 0 Functions (adverbials, adjectivals, nominals)

Passive and active voice

0 What is an agent? 0 What is the subject in an active sentence? 0 What becomes the subject in a passive sentence? 0 Why use the passive voice?

Main reasons for using the passive

Changing the sentence focus

0 The boys ate every piece of pizza

Changing the sentence focus

0 The boys ate every piece of pizza. 0 Every piece of pizza was eaten by the boys.

Verb expansion rule with the passive

This now means that we have two rules for expanding the main verb in a sentence, depending on the voice.

• 1. I was given a second chance.
• 2. The lottery will be held on March 24.
• 3. The causes of unhappiness in the Australian labor market are examined.
• 4. I could have been killed in there!
• 5. During this period, some metalwork may have been being imported from Egypt.

Changing sentence focus with the passive

• 1. Make the original direct object the subject of the

sentence.

• 2. Add “be” as an auxiliary +en to the verb string

(before the main verb).

• 3. If the original agent is mentioned, it becomes the
• bject of the preposition by. (NOTE: This step is not

required and is often missing).

The passive test of transitivity

Practice: Transform these active sentences into the passive

• 1. Ruth E. Carter designed the

costumes for Black Panther.

• 2. You should floss your teeth

every day,

• 3. The USDA has established

new dietary guidelines.

• 4. Amazon is delivering

packages via drones.

• 5. At that point in the evening,

we were exchanging insults.

• 1. The costumes for Black

Panther were designed by Ruth E. Carter.

• 2. Your teeth should be flossed

every day (by you).

• 3. New dietary guidelines have

been established by the USDA.

• 4. Packages are being delivered

via drones by Amazon.

• 5. At that point in the evening,

insults were being exchanged (by us).

Write out the VER and determine whether the sentence is passive or active

• 1. She was always being sarcastic.

past + be + -ing + be (active)

• 2. She was always being serenaded by her suitors.

past + be + -ing + be + -en + serenade (passive)

• 3. Gold has been discovered in Canada.

present + have + -en + be + -en + discover (passive)

• 4. The children have been naughty recently.

present + have + -en + be (active)

• 5. Our flower cart was upset by the rioters.

past + be + -en + upset (passive)

• 6. I was upset the whole day because of his comments.

past + be (active)

Transforming patterns 7-10 from passive to active

• 1. Identify the agent (by ______, or make one up/use

“someone”.

• 2. Delete be + -en from the verb string. (don’t skip

writing out the verb string!)

• 3. Rewrite the sentence with the agent as the subject,

the revised verb, and the passive subject in the direct object slot. Velcro was invented by a Swiss man. We were called the best boy band of the early 2000s.

Passive to active transformations

• 1. The menu is updated weekly.
• 2. Three finalists have been

chosen for the citizenship award.

• 3. Some powerful people in

Hollywood are being called out for past abusive behavior.

• 4. Smallpox has been considered

eradicated since 1980.

1.

The restaurant updates the menu weekly.

2.

The panel has chosen three finalists for the citizenship award.

3.

The Time’s Up movement is calling

• ut some powerful people in

Hollywood for past abusive behavior.

4.

The WHO has considered Smallpox eradicated since 1980.

Cleft sentences

Cleft sentences

Mary wrecked her motorcycle in Phoenix during the Christmas break. Mary wrecked her motorcycle in Phoenix during the Christmas break. Mary wrecked her motorcycle in Phoenix during the Christmas break. Mary wrecked her motorcycle in Phoenix during the Christmas break. They can start with either it or what as subject and have a form of be as the main verb. It was Mary who wrecked her motorcycle in Phoenix during the Christmas break. It was her motorcycle that Mary wrecked in Phoenix during the Christmas break It was in Phoenix that Mary wrecked her motorcycle during the Christmas break It was during the Christmas break that Mary wrecked her motorcycle in Phoenix. Not Diane Not her car Not Ames Not spring

Cleft sentences- What

There transformations

There transformation

Ways of changing sentence focus

, VI

Expletive or locative adverb?

Expletive or locative adverb? Sentence pattern?

• 1. There’s often a flock of blackbirds sitting on the

telephone wire in our neighborhood.

• 2. There they are now.
• 3. There’s Henry across the street.
• 4. There he goes.
• 5. Isn’t there a spelling checker on your computer?
• 1. expletive, VI
• 2. Adverb- I
• 3. Adverb- I
• 4. Adverb- VI
• 5. Expletive I

Un-transformations

a) Identify the transformation type b) Write the untransformed sentence c) ID the sentence pattern and diagram the

untransformed sentence

• 1. He was being stalked by a girl from Tinder.
• 2. It was my platoon sergeant who had given me a hard

time in the army.

• 3. There stood a rusty suit of armor at the end of a

dark hallway

• 4. What Amy hates is the taste of fennel.

The non-apology apology

0 For each apology, rewrite it to change the voice from

passive to active (feel free to be creative and add more info!). What is the effect?

• 1. It must be stated, first and foremost, that mistakes

were made.

• 2. Attention should have been paid.
• 3. This will not be allowed to happen again.