Age of Exploration 1. The Spice Islands 2. Motives and Means 3. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Age of Exploration

1. The Spice Islands 2. Motives and Means 3. Portuguese Exploration 4. Christopher Columbus 5. A Spanish Empire and its Critics 6. Magellan’s Voyage 7. England Explores and colonizes 8. France and the Fur Trade 9. Dutch Trade 10. Slavery

Chapter 1: The Spice Islands

• archipelago – a chain of islands
• rain shadow – an area that gets less rain because it is on the

protected side of a mountain

• monopoly – complete control of selling a product or service

1. What geographic term is used to describe Indonesia? P.122

• archipelago

2. Where are the Moluccas located, and what is another name for them? p.122

• South of the Philippines, the Spice

Islands

3. In what way does the Malay Archipelago occupy a special position? P. 122

• It marks the boundary between 2 sections of the earth’s crust and it is

part of the Ring of Fire

4. Who had a monopoly over the spice trade during the Middle Ages? P. 123

• Arab traders

5. Which explorer wrote about his travels to throughout Asia during the thirteenth century, inspiring other explorers to travel? P.124

• Marco Polo

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Nutmeg and cloves from the spice Islands Cinnamon from India Ginger from China

The desire for spices led to the Age of Exploration.

Chapter 2: Motives and Means

• infidel – someone who does not believe in what is considered

the true religion

• navigation – traveling by ship from one place to another
• hull – the sides and bottom of a boat

1. What was the name of the 4,000 mile long overland trade route between Asia and Europe? P. 125

• The Silk Road

2. What were 2 reasons Europeans were so interested in finding a sea route to Asia? P. 125

• Find spices
• Spread Christianity

3. What were the ships built for long ocean voyages called? P.126

• Caravels

4. What tools did early explorers use for navigation and how were they used? P. 127

• 1. The sky – sun during the day, stars at night
• 2. Astrolabe and sextant – find latitude
• 3. A log attached to a rope – speed in knots
• 4. Magnetic compass - direction
• 5. Hourglass - time

Chapter 3: Portuguese Exploration

• moor – a North African follower of Islam
• scurvy – a disease caused by a lack of vitamin C, which is found in

fresh fruits and vegetables

1.

Who provided leadership for Portuguese exploration? P. 128

• Prince Henry, often called the Navigator

2.

What did Bartolomeu Dias spot at the southern tip of Africa? P. 129

• Cabo Tormentoso (Cape of Storms) called the Cape of Good Hope

3.

Why was Dias’ expedition important and to what route did his expedition lead? P. 129

• He had shown that it was possible to sail around Africa
• a route to the Indian Ocean.

4.

Who led a fleet of 4 ships around almost the entire coast of Africa and on to India? P. 129

• Vasco da Gama

• 5. Whose route was Pedro Alvares Cabral supposed to follow and

where was he supposed to go? P. 131

• He was supposed to follow the route of Vasco de Gama to India.
• 6. What land did Pedro Alvares Cabral discover by mistake? P. 132
• The coast of Brazil

Chapter 4: Christopher Columbus

• League – an old measurement of distance equal to

approximately 3 miles

• Mutiny – a rebellion against a leader such as a ship’s captain
• Royal standard – a monarch’s flag

1.

In which group of islands did Columbus land after sailing from the Canary Islands? P. 135

• The Bahamas

2.

What did Columbus call the people he met on the islands? P. 135

• Indians

3.

After stopping in the Bahamas, where did Columbus sail to? P. 135

• Cuba and Hispaniola

4.

What is the Treaty of Tordesillas? P. 137

• Signed in 1494, said that all land to the west of an

imaginary line would be Spain’s and to the east would be Portugal’s

Chapter 5: A Spanish Empire and its Critics

• 1. What do we call a soldier in search of adventure and wealth?
• p. 138
• conquistador
• 2. What is an encomienda? p. 139
• land and labor arrangements to help establish new communities
• 3. Who was the Spanish missionary priest who spoke out against

the enslavement of Indians? P. 139

• Bartolome de Las Casas

Chapter 6: Magellan’s Voyage

• 1. What is a narrow waterway connecting two bodies of water called? P. 140
• strait
• 2. What did Magellan do that set him apart from earlier explorers? P. 140
• he asserted his command
• 3. Where is the Strait of Magellan? P. 140
• southern tip of South America
• 4. What does it mean to travel completely around the earth by water? P. 141
• circumnavigate

Chapter 7: England Explores and Colonizes

• 1. What did John Cabot find for England and what was he seeking? P. 142
• He found Newfoundland and was seeking the Northwest passage to the

Indies

• 2. What event in 1588 led to England’s control of the seas? P. 145
• defeated the Spanish Armada
• 3. What was the first failed English colony in North America? P. 146
• The Lost Colony
• 4. What was the first successful, permanent, English settlement in North

America? P. 146

• Jamestown, VA

Chapter 8: France and the Fur Trade

• 1. What is a mapmaker called? P. 147
• cartographer
• 2. Who was the first European to sail up the Atlantic coast of present day

United States? P. 147

• Verrazano
• 3. What region did the king of France ask Jacques Cartier to explore? P. 148
• the coast of North America
• 4. What got France interested in building colonies in New France? P.149
• the fur trade

Chapter 9: Dutch Trade

• 1. What is a charter? P. 151
• a document issued by an authority giving a group certain rights
• 2. Henry Hudson claimed the land at the mouth of what is now the

Hudson River for the Netherlands. Where is this located? P. 152

• Albany , NY

Chapter 10: Slavery

• 1. As part of the triangular trade route, ships dropped slaves off in Central

America, then brought what kinds of goods to Europe? P.156

• rice, sugar, tobacco
• 2. What is the name of the trip from Africa to the Americas that slaves

were forced to make? P. 156

• the Middle passage
• 3. Use three adjectives to describe this trip: p. 156
• terrible, cruel, dehumanizing

Chapter 10: Slavery

• 4. A ______________ is the interior of a ship below the deck.
• hold
• 5. What is an indentured servant?
• a person who owes an employer a certain amount of work for a

certain amount of time

• 6. What were the three main reasons for European Exploration?
• trade, wealth, and evangelization (Christianity)

Settlements to remember:

• 1. Jamestown, VA – first English colony in North America
• 2. St. Augustine, FL – oldest existing Spanish settlement in North America
• 3. Montreal, Canada – oldest French settlement in North America

Explorers to remember:

• 1. Balboa - claimed the land along the Pacific Ocean for Spain
• 2. Bartolomeu Dias - discovered the Cabo Tormentosa (Cape of Good Hope)
• 3. Christopher Columbus - discovered the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola
• 4. Sir Francis Drake - circumnavigated the globe in the Golden Hind (England)
• 5. Henry Hudson - discovered a huge inland sea; his crew mutinied
• 6. Magellan - circumnavigated the world for Spain and explored a strait
• 7. Marco Polo - traveled throughout Asia by land and sea
• 8. Vasco da Gama - sailed around Africa and on to India