Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy Ellen D Williams - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy Ellen D Williams - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy Ellen D Williams Columbia University May 24, 2016 http://www.arpa-e.energy.gov/ Energy and Emissions - World CO 2 emissions, 45.5 Gtonne/yr 18.3 Gtonne/yr 32.3 Gtonne/yr All renewables* 800 800

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http://www.arpa-e.energy.gov/

Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy

Ellen D Williams Columbia University May 24, 2016

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Energy and Emissions - World

2

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

Energy Consumption, QBtu

All renewables* Nuclear Natural Gas Coal Petroleum (liquids) 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

Energy Consumption, QBtu

Adapted from: U.S. Energy Information Administration International Energy Outlook 2013, Table A2, and country data, http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm historical projection

OECD Non- OECD

  • * Includes both traditional and modern uses of biomass

CO2 emissions, 18.3 Gtonne/yr 32.3 Gtonne/yr 45.5 Gtonne/yr

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ARPA-E Mission

Goals: Ensure America’s

  • Economic Security
  • Energy Security
  • Technological Lead in

Advanced Energy Technologies

Mission: To overcome long-term and high-risk technological barriers in the development of energy technologies Means:

  • Identify and promote revolutionary advances in fundamental and applied

sciences

  • Translate scientific discoveries and cutting-edge inventions into technological

innovations

  • Accelerate transformational technological advances in areas that industry by

itself is not likely to undertake because of technical and financial uncertainty

3

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Focused Program Portfolio

4 ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICAL GRID & STORAGE EFFICIENCY & EMISSIONS TRANSPORTATION & STORAGE

2010 - 2012

ALPHA ARID DELTA FOCUS METALS MONITOR CHARGES RANGE REMOTE SWITCHES TERRA GENSETS REBELS NODES MOSAIC TRANSNET

2013-2014 2015 2016

GRID DATA IONICS SHIELD ENLITENED REFUEL ROOTS NEXTCAR ADEPT AMPED BEEST BEETIT ELECTROFUELS GENI GRIDS HEATS IMPACCT MOVE PETRO REACT SOLAR ADEPT

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5

If it works…

will it matter?

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Metrics of Transition Toward Market*

Since 2009 ARPA-E has invested approximately $1.3 billion across more than 475

  • projects. Of those, 206 are alumni projects.

45 ARPA-E projects have attracted more than $1.25 billion in private-sector follow-

  • n funding*

6

Cumulative number of projects that have: Cumulative Number

End End End End 2012 2013 2014 2015

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Received Follow on Funding from the Private Sector Formed New Companies Continued development with Funding from Government Programs

* As of Feb 2016

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Focused Program Portfolio

7 ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICAL GRID & STORAGE EFFICIENCY & EMISSIONS TRANSPORTATION & STORAGE

2010 - 2012

ALPHA ARID DELTA FOCUS METALS MONITOR CHARGES RANGE REMOTE SWITCHES TERRA GENSETS REBELS NODES MOSAIC TRANSNET

2013-2014 2015 2016

GRID DATA IONICS SHIELD ENLITENED REFUEL ROOTS NEXTCAR ADEPT AMPED BEEST BEETIT ELECTROFUELS GENI GRIDS HEATS IMPACCT MOVE PETRO REACT SOLAR ADEPT

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MONITOR

Methane Observation Networks with Innovative Technology to Obtain Reductions Goals

  • Detect a methane leak of at least 6 SCFH, locate the

leak within 1 meter, and quantify the flow rate

  • Significantly decrease the cost of methane detection,

yielding a system cost less than $3,000/year/wellhead

  • Improve the sustainability of domestic natural gas

production

Mission Develop innovative, cost- effective technologies that can accurately detect and measure methane emissions associated with natural gas production and distribution. Program Director

  • Dr. Bryan Willson

Year 2014 Projects 11 Total Investment $31 million

Composition? Source Location? Rate?

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ENABLING FIXED MOBILE

The Portfolio: 3 Technology Categories

9

POINT SENSORS

Image courtesy of Cuadrilla Resources

LONG DISTANCE IMAGER AERIAL

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10

AWARD AMOUNT: $4.3 million

Portable Imaging Spectrometer for Methane Leak Detection

PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

  • Miniaturization of Rebellion’s

Gas Cloud Imager (GCI), a long-wave infrared imaging spectrometer

  • Camera will be lightweight and

portable – the size of a Red Bull can - and capable of being incorporated into personal protective equipment

  • Data processing uses cloud-

based computing architecture that streams results to mobile device

Optics Electronics

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TERRA

Transportation Energy Resources from Renewable Agriculture Goals

  • Develop autonomous robotic sensor systems

capable of high-throughput assessment of plant growth and development in the field.

  • Develop advanced ‘big data’ algorithms to

construct 3-D models that predict crop performance and response to environment.

  • Create sophisticated bioinformatics tools and

genomics resources for gene and trait discovery that accelerate breeding of improved crops. Highlights

  • Program Kickoff November 15, 2015
  • Public × Private Sector collaborations established

Mission Facilitate development of improved varieties of sorghum as climate resilient bioenergy feedstocks that place lower demands on land use, water use and fertilizer use. Program Director

  • Dr. Joe

Cornelius Year 2015 Projects 7 Total Investment $32.7 million

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2.34 2.47 1.07 1.14 1.48 0.06 0.54 0.02 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Corn Wheat Rice Soybean

1961-90 1990-2007

Sustainability issues

Evidenced by Declining Rate of Genetic Gain in Core Crops

  • Prognosis for genetic improvement of yield potential of major grain crops. A. J.

Hall, R. A. Richards, Field Crops Research, 143 (2013) 18-33.

  • DOE Billion Ton Biomass Study Update, 2011
  • FAOSTAT 2009

“Improvements in crop yield are below 1.16-1.31 %/y rate required to meet demand in 2050.”

Year-to-Year Yield Gain

Percent

12

4 8 12 16 20

2012 2017 2022 2030

Forestry Ag Residue Energy Crops 1.1 B d MT Biomass

Forest Ag Residue New Energy Crops

Quads

18 Quads

DOE bioenergy plan (Billion Ton Study)

requires a 1% /year genetic gain in dedicated energy crops.

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TERRA Enables Better Breeding Strategies

13

Make Crosses Breeding Evaluation Trials

Advanced Genomic Selection (GS)

Genotyping Platform Phenotyping Platform

Small-scale Field Trial Large-scale Field Trial Release Winner Hybrids

QTL and Association Mapping Roles of Genes, Alleles, and Environments Target Genotype for Desirable Traits Breeding Optimization Models Mutant Screening

2-3 × Faster

TERRA Program approach: Complete integrated phenotyping systems with

  • full cost <$20K/HA
  • THREE YEAR PAYBACK
  • High Throughput Automated

Hardware & Sensing Technologies

  • Computational Solutions for

Selection and Prediction

  • Genetics, Genomics and

Bioinformatics

  • Programmatic Reference Data

Generation and Data Hosting ΔG ≈ h2 σp i / L

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Robotic Platforms are Diverse and Data Rich

Performance

Comparison

Current Breeding

Manual

TERRA

Ground & Aerial Vehicles

# Breeder Plots 1,000 1,000 # Phenotypes 10’s 1000’s Resolution 1 m 1 cm Bandwidth (nm) 400-700 100-2500 Data Collection Bytes Terabytes Cycle Time 8 hrs 1 min UAV 4 hrs AGV

National Robotics Engineering Center

Mobile Deployable Field Gantry

Carnegie Mellon, UIUC, Purdue Mobile Ground Vehicles Near Earth, Purdue, KSU, Blue River Mobile Aerial Vehicles Danforth Center, USDA, Lemna Tec

Stationary Reference Field Gantry

Reference Field Gantry (100 x 200 m) Sensor Hood

  • Hyperspectral i350-2500 nm
  • Thermal infrared
  • Dedicated NDVI sensor
  • Dedicated PRI

(photochemical reflectance)

  • PAR sensor
  • Color sensor
  • Height Scanner
  • 8 MP RGB down camera
  • 2 side looking cameras
  • Active reflectance in-field
  • Fluorescence
  • Environmental temperature,

humidity, rainfall, wind, CO2

Reference Field Gantry Sensors:

ΔG ≈ h2 σp i / L

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Energy and Emissions – Changing what’s possible

* Includes both traditional and modern uses of biomass

15 Left: EIA AEO Figure MT-9 (Reference Case), 2013 updated for Actual Right: EIA 2014 AEO Tables A2 and 17, and IEA World Energy Outlook 2014, Table 2.1 , Note: EIA biofuels projection moved to “Bioenergy” to match IEA categorization 20 40 60 80 100 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

U.S. Energy Consumption, QBtu Natural gas Coal Petroleum (liquids) Nuclear All renewables*

20 40 60 80 100

EIA Reference Case, 2040 IEA 450 Scenario, 2040 Other Renewables Bioenergy Hydro Nuclear Natural gas Coal Oil

U.S. CO2 emissions, Gtonne/yr 5.6 1.9 U.S. CO2 emissions (Gtonne/yr) 5.5 (2025 target: 4.3) 6.0 4.8 U.S. 2050 target ~1.2

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